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Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan / YEM

Yemen, Rep.

Yemen, Rep. flag
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2021 Factbook flag mirror; image identity has not been individually audited. Source.

Last updated: October 29, 2026

World Bank directory: capital Sana'a · 15.352°, 44.2075° · sourceRetrieved 2026-10-29 · single source, unverified; directory metadata may be stale.
Yemen, Rep.: CIA World Factbook map from 2021; original boundary notes preserved.
ⓘCIA World Factbook map, February 2021 media edition. Identity reviewed; current boundaries have not been audited. visual contact sheet or original identity check; does not verify current boundaries Boundaries, place names and designations may be dated or disputed; original annotations retained. SHA-256: aaf513cf3dbebd5f08546df421b4cc12e447ef106966e204809665f1bb67908d. Provenance and inspection record.

Introduction

Background:1

The Kingdom of Yemen (colloquially known as North Yemen) became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1918 and in 1962 became the Yemen Arab Republic. The British, who had set up a protectorate area around the southern port of Aden in the 19th century, withdrew in 1967 from what became the People's Republic of Southern Yemen (colloquially known as South Yemen). Three years later, the southern government adopted a Marxist orientation and changed the country's name to the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen. The exodus of hundreds of thousands of Yemenis from the south to the north contributed to two decades of hostility between the states, which were formally unified as the Republic of Yemen in 1990. A southern secessionist movement and brief civil war in 1994 was quickly subdued. In 2000, Saudi Arabia and Yemen agreed to delineate their border. Fighting in the northwest between the government and the Houthis, a Zaydi Shia Muslim minority, continued intermittently from 2004 to 2010, and then again from 2014 to the present. The southern secessionist movement was revitalized in 2007.

Public rallies in Sana'a against then President Ali Abdallah SALIH -- inspired by similar Arab Spring demonstrations in Tunisia and Egypt -- slowly gained momentum in 2011, fueled by complaints over high unemployment, poor economic conditions, and corruption. Some protests resulted in violence, and the demonstrations spread to other major cities. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) mediated the crisis with the GCC Initiative, an agreement in which the president would step down in exchange for immunity from prosecution. SALIH eventually agreed to step down and transfer some powers to Vice President Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI. After HADI's uncontested election victory in 2012, SALIH formally transferred all presidential powers. In accordance with the GCC Initiative, Yemen launched a National Dialogue Conference (NDC) in 2013 to discuss key constitutional, political, and social issues. HADI concluded the NDC in 2014 and planned to proceed with constitutional drafting, a constitutional referendum, and national elections.

The Houthis, perceiving their grievances were not addressed in the NDC, joined forces with SALIH and expanded their influence in northwestern Yemen, which culminated in a major offensive against military units and rival tribes and enabled their forces to overrun the capital, Sana'a, in 2014. In 2015, the Houthis surrounded key government facilities, prompting HADI and the cabinet to resign. HADI fled first to Aden -- where he rescinded his resignation -- and then to Oman before moving to Saudi Arabia and asking the GCC to intervene militarily in Yemen. Saudi Arabia assembled a coalition of Arab militaries and began airstrikes, and ground fighting continued through 2016. In 2016, the UN initiated peace talks that ended without agreement. Rising tensions between the Houthis and SALIH culminated in Houthi forces killing SALIH. In 2018, the Houthis and the Yemeni Government participated in UN-brokered peace talks, agreeing to a limited cease-fire and the establishment of a UN mission.

In 2019, Yemen’s parliament convened for the first time since the conflict broke out in 2014. Violence then erupted between HADI's government and the pro-secessionist Southern Transitional Council (STC) in southern Yemen. HADI's government and the STC signed a power-sharing agreement to end the fighting, and in 2020, the signatories formed a new cabinet. In 2020 and 2021, fighting continued as the Houthis gained territory and also conducted regular UAV and missile attacks against targets in Saudi Arabia. In 2022, the UN brokered a temporary truce between the Houthis and the Saudi-led coalition. HADI and his vice-president resigned and were replaced by an eight-person Presidential Leadership Council. Although the truce formally expired in 2022, the parties nonetheless refrained from large-scale conflict through the end of 2023. Saudi Arabia, after the truce expired, continued to negotiate with the Yemeni Government and Houthis on a roadmap agreement that would include a permanent ceasefire and a peace process under UN auspices.

Geography

Location:2

Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia

Geographic coordinates:3

15 00 N, 48 00 E

Map references:4

Middle East

Area:5

Surface area: 527,968 square kilometers (2024)

total:527,968 sq km
land:527,968 sq km
water:0 sq km
note:includes Perim, Socotra, the former Yemen Arab Republic (YAR or North Yemen), and the former People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY or South Yemen)

Area - comparative:7

almost four times the size of Alabama; slightly larger than twice the size of Wyoming

Land boundaries:8

total:1,601 km
border countries (2):Oman 294 km; Saudi Arabia 1,307 km

Coastline:9

1,906 km

Maritime claims:10

territorial sea:12 nm
contiguous zone:24 nm
exclusive economic zone:200 nm
continental shelf:200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Climate:11

mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east

Terrain:12

narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula

Elevation:13

highest point:Jabal an Nabi Shu'ayb 3,666 m
lowest point:Arabian Sea 0 m
mean elevation:999 m

Natural resources:14

petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble; small deposits of coal, gold, lead, nickel, and copper; fertile soil in west

Land use:15

agricultural land:44.4% (2023 est.)
arable land:2.2% (2023 est.)
permanent crops:0.6% (2023 est.)
permanent pasture:41.7% (2023 est.)
forest:1% (2023 est.)
other:54.5% (2023 est.)

Irrigated land:16

6,800 sq km (2012)

Population distribution:17

the vast majority of the population is found in the Asir Mountains (part of the larger Sarawat Mountain system), located in the far western region of the country

Natural hazards:18

sandstorms and dust storms in summer

volcanism:limited volcanic activity; Jebel at Tair (Jabal al-Tair, Jebel Teir, Jabal al-Tayr, Jazirat at-Tair) (244 m), which forms an island in the Red Sea, became active in 2007; other historically active volcanoes include Harra of Arhab, Harras of Dhamar, Harra es-Sawad, and Jebel Zubair, although many of these have not erupted in over a century

Geography - note:19

strategic location on Bab el Mandeb, the strait linking the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden and one of world's most active shipping lanes

People and Society

Population:20

Population: 41,773,878 people (2025)

total:32,140,443 (2024 est.)
male:16,221,139
female:15,919,304

Nationality:22

noun:Yemeni(s)
adjective:Yemeni

Ethnic groups:23

predominantly Arab; but also Afro-Arab, South Asian, European

Languages:24

Arabic (official)

major-language sample(s)
major-language sample(s):كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
major-language sample(s):The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
note:a distinct Socotri language is widely used on Socotra Island and Archipelago; Mahri is still fairly widely spoken in eastern Yemen

Religions:25

Muslim 99.1% (official; virtually all are citizens, an estimated 65% are Sunni and 35% are Shia), other 0.9% (includes Jewish, Baha'i, Hindu, and Christian; many are refugees or temporary foreign residents) (2020 est.)

Age structure:26

0-14 years:34.4% (male 5,622,998/female 5,430,285)
15-64 years:62.2% (male 10,112,603/female 9,865,805)
65 years and over:3.4% (2024 est.) (male 485,538/female 623,214)

Dependency ratios:27

total dependency ratio:71.3 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio:66 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio:5.4 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio:18.6 (2024 est.)

Median age:28

total:22 years (2024 est.)
male:21.9 years
female:22.2 years

Population growth rate:29

Population growth rate: 2.89 % annually (2025)

1.78% (2024 est.)

Birth rate:31

Crude birth rate: 34.36 births per 1,000 people (2024)

23.4 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate:33

Crude death rate: 4.73 deaths per 1,000 people (2024)

5.5 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate:35

-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution:36

the vast majority of the population is found in the Asir Mountains (part of the larger Sarawat Mountain system), located in the far western region of the country

Urbanization:37

Urban population: 37.03 % of population (2025)

urban population:39.8% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:3.71% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Major urban areas - population:39

3.292 million SANAA (capital), 1.080 million Aden, 941,000 Taiz, 772,000 Ibb (2023)

Sex ratio:40

at birth:1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years:1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years:1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.78 male(s)/female
total population:1.02 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth:41

20.8 years (2013 est.)

note:data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

Maternal mortality ratio:42

Maternal mortality ratio: 118 deaths per 100,000 live births (2023)

118 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Infant mortality rate:44

Infant mortality rate: 33.8 deaths per 1,000 live births (2024)

total:44.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
male:49.9 deaths/1,000 live births
female:39 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth:46

Life expectancy at birth: 69.44 years (2024)

total population:68.2 years (2024 est.)
male:65.8 years
female:70.6 years

Total fertility rate:48

Total fertility rate: 4.5 births per woman (2024)

2.82 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Gross reproduction rate:50

1.37 (2024 est.)

Drinking water source:51

At least basic drinking water services: 75.04 % of population (2024)

improved
urban:77.2% of population (2022 est.)
rural:51.8% of population (2022 est.)
total:61.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved
urban:22.8% of population (2022 est.)
rural:48.2% of population (2022 est.)
total:38.2% of population (2022 est.)

Health expenditure:53

Current health expenditure: 9.7 % of GDP (2023)

Health expenditure (as % of GDP):4.3% of GDP (2015)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget):2.5% of national budget (2022 est.)

Physician density:55

Physicians: 0.1 per 1,000 people (2023)

0.1 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Sanitation facility access:57

At least basic sanitation services: 63.08 % of population (2024)

improved
urban:83.1% of population (2022 est.)
rural:44.8% of population (2022 est.)
total:59.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved
urban:16.9% of population (2022 est.)
rural:55.2% of population (2022 est.)
total:40.1% of population (2022 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate:59

17.1% (2016)

Alcohol consumption per capita:60

total:0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer:0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine:0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits:0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols:0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use:61

total:20.2% (2025 est.)
male:33.1% (2025 est.)
female:7.3% (2025 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight:62

40.7% (2022 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49):63

60.4% (2023 est.)

Child marriage:64

women married by age 15:6.5% (2023)
women married by age 18:29.6% (2023)

Literacy:65

female:54.1% (2023 est.)

Environment

Environmental issues:66

limited natural freshwater resources; inadequate supplies of potable water; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification

International environmental agreements:67

party to:Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified:Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban

Climate:68

mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east

Land use:69

agricultural land:44.4% (2023 est.)
arable land:2.2% (2023 est.)
permanent crops:0.6% (2023 est.)
permanent pasture:41.7% (2023 est.)
forest:1% (2023 est.)
other:54.5% (2023 est.)

Urbanization:70

urban population:39.8% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:3.71% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions:71

total emissions:8.193 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke:93,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids:8.08 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas:21,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions:72

43.9 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Methane emissions:73

energy:190.5 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture:192.2 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste:135.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other:0.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Waste and recycling:74

municipal solid waste generated annually:4.837 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled:8% (2016 est.)

Total water withdrawal:75

municipal:265 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial:65 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural:3.235 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total renewable water resources:76

2.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Government

Country name:77

conventional long form:Republic of Yemen
conventional short form:Yemen
local long form:Al Jumhuriyah al Yamaniyah
local short form:Al Yaman
former:Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]
etymology:the name origin is unclear but may come from the Arabic word al-yamin , meaning "the right," as a reference to its geographic position in relation to Mecca

Government type:78

in transition

Capital:79

name:Sanaa
geographic coordinates:15 21 N, 44 12 E
time difference:UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology:the name is reputed to mean "fortified place" in an ancient language

Administrative divisions:80

22 governorates ( muhafazat , singular - muhafazah ); Abyan, 'Adan (Aden), Ad Dali', Al Bayda', Al Hudaydah, Al Jawf, Al Mahrah, Al Mahwit, Amanat al 'Asimah (Sanaa City), 'Amran, Arkhabil Suqutra (Socotra Archipelago), Dhamar, Hadramawt, Hajjah, Ibb, Lahij, Ma'rib, Raymah, Sa'dah, San'a' (Sanaa), Shabwah, Ta'izz

Legal system:81

mixed system of Islamic (sharia) law, Napoleonic law, English common law, and customary law

Constitution:82

history:adopted by referendum 16 May 1991 (following unification)

International law organization participation:83

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship:84

citizenship by birth:no
citizenship by descent only:the father must be a citizen of Yemen; if the father is unknown, the mother must be a citizen
dual citizenship recognized:no
residency requirement for naturalization:10 years

Suffrage:85

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:86

chief of state:Presidential Leadership Council Chairperson Dr. Rashad Muhammad al-ALIMI (since 19 April 2022)
head of government:Prime Minister Salim Salih BIN BURAYK (since 9 May 2025)
cabinet:24 members from northern and southern Yemen, with representatives from Yemen's major political parties
election/appointment process:formerly, the president was directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); vice president appointed by the president; prime minister appointed by the president
most recent election date:21 February 2012
election results
election results:2012: Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI (GPC) elected consensus president
note:on 7 April 2022, President Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI announced his abdication, the dismissal of Vice President ALI MUHSIN al-Ahmar and the formation of a Presidential Leadership Council, an eight-member body chaired by former minister Rashad AL-ALIMI; on 19 April 2022, the Council was sworn in before Parliament and began assuming the responsibilities of the president and vice president and carrying out the political, security, and military duties of the government; in May 2025, Chairperson al-ALIMI made changes to his cabinet

Legislative branch:87

legislature name:Parliament (Majlis)
legislative structure:bicameral

note: the last legislative election occurred in 2003, and the six-year term for the House of Representatives expired in 2009. Ongoing instability, beginning in 2011, has since prevented new elections. A new Shura Council was appointed in 2021 and is currently chaired by Dr. Ahmed Obaid bin Dagher (as of Jan 2025).

Legislative branch - lower chamber:88

chamber name:House of Representatives (Majlis Annowab)
number of seats:301 (all directly elected)
electoral system:plurality/majority
scope of elections:full renewal
term in office:6 years
most recent election date:4/27/2003
parties elected and seats per party:General People's Congress (GPC) (238); Yemeni Congregation for Reform (Islah) (46); Other (17)
percentage of women in chamber:0%

Legislative branch - upper chamber:89

chamber name:Shura Council (Majlis Alshoora)
number of seats:111 (all appointed)
scope of elections:full renewal
most recent election date:4/28/2001
percentage of women in chamber:1.1%
note:the Shura Council serves in an advisory role to the president; it has no legislative responsibilities

Judicial branch:90

highest court(s):Supreme Court (consists of the court president, 2 deputies, and nearly 50 judges; court organized into constitutional, civil, commercial, family, administrative, criminal, military, and appeals scrutiny divisions)
judge selection and term of office:judges appointed by the Supreme Judicial Council, which is chaired by the president of the republic and includes 10 high-ranking judicial officers; judges serve for life with mandatory retirement at age 65
subordinate courts:appeal courts; district or first instance courts; commercial courts

Political parties:91

General People’s Congress or GPC (3 factions: pro-Hadi, pro-Houthi, pro-Salih)

Nasserist Unionist People's Organization

National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party

Southern Transitional Council or STC

Yemeni Reform Grouping or Islah

Yemeni Socialist Party or YSP

Diplomatic representation in the US:92

chief of mission:Ambassador Abdulwahab Abdullah Ahmed AL-HAJRI (since 24 July 2025)
chancery:2319 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:[1] (202) 965-4760
FAX:[1] (202) 337-2017
email address and website
email address and website:Information@yemenembassy.org
email address and website:https://www.yemenembassy.org/

Diplomatic representation from the US:93

chief of mission:Ambassador Steven H. FAGIN (since 1 June 2022); note - the embassy closed in March 2015; Yemen Affairs Unit currently operates out of US Embassy Riyadh
mailing address:6330 Sanaa Place, Washington DC 20521-6330
telephone:US Embassy Riyadh [966] 11-835-4000
FAX:US Embassy Riyadh [966] 11-488-7360
email address and website
email address and website:YemenEmergencyUSC@state.gov
email address and website:https://ye.usembassy.gov/

International organization participation:94

AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CD, EITI (temporarily suspended), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMHA, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNVIM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Independence:95

22 May 1990 (Republic of Yemen established with the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]); notable earlier dates: 1 November 1918 (North Yemen independent from the Ottoman Empire), 27 September 1962 (North Yemen becomes republic), 30 November 1967 (South Yemen independent from the UK)

National holiday:96

Unification Day, 22 May (1990)

Flag:97

description:three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black
meaning:the band colors come from the Arab Liberation flag and represent oppression (black) overcome through bloody struggle (red), to be replaced by a bright future (white)
note:similar to the flags of Iraq (Arabic inscription centered in the white band) and Egypt (heraldic eagle centered in the white band)

National symbol(s):98

golden eagle

National color(s):99

red, white, black

National anthem(s):100

title:"Al-qumhuriyatu l-muttahida" (United Republic)
lyrics/music:Abdullah Abdulwahab NOA'MAN/Ayyoab Tarish ABSI
history:adopted 1990; the music first served as the anthem for South Yemen before unification with North Yemen in 1990

National heritage:101

total World Heritage Sites:5 (4 cultural, 1 natural)
selected World Heritage Site locales:Old Walled City of Shibam (c); Old City of Sana'a (c); Historic Town of Zabid (c); Socotra Archipelago (n); Landmarks of the Ancient Kingdom of Saba, Marib (c)

Economy

Economic overview:102

low-income Middle Eastern economy; infrastructure, trade, and economic institutions devastated by civil war; oil/gas-dependent but decreasing reserves; massive poverty, food insecurity, and unemployment; high inflation

Real GDP (purchasing power parity):103

$18.719 billion (2024 est.)

$18.908 billion (2023 est.)

$19.294 billion (2022 est.)

note:data in 2015 dollars

Real GDP growth rate:104

0.8% (2018 est.)

-5.1% (2017 est.)

-9.4% (2016 est.)

note:annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per capita:105

$200 (2024 est.)

$200 (2023 est.)

$300 (2022 est.)

note:data in 2015 dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):106

GDP: 21,606,160,663.03 current US dollars (2018)

$8.278 billion (2024 est.)

note:data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Inflation rate (consumer prices):108

29.1% (2022 est.)

26% (2021 est.)

19.6% (2020 est.)

note:annual % change based on consumer prices

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:109

agriculture:28.7% (2018 est.)
industry:25.4% (2018 est.)
services:41.8% (2018 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Agricultural products:110

mangoes/guavas, potatoes, milk, onions, spices, chicken, sorghum, watermelons, tomatoes, grapes (2023)

note:top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries:111

crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production of cotton textiles, leather goods; food processing; handicrafts; aluminum products; cement; commercial ship repair; natural gas production

Industrial production growth rate:112

-1.1% (2018 est.)

note:annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force:113

7.848 million (2024 est.)

note:number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate:114

17.1% (2024 est.)

17.1% (2023 est.)

17.4% (2022 est.)

note:% of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24):115

total:32.4% (2024 est.)
male:31.8% (2024 est.)
female:38.4% (2024 est.)
note:% of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Remittances:116

20.05% of GDP (2023 est.)

16.02% of GDP (2022 est.)

19.44% of GDP (2021 est.)

note:personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Budget:117

revenues:$2.207 billion (2019 est.)
expenditures:$3.585 billion (2019 est.)

Public debt:118

68.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Current account balance:119

-$2.419 billion (2016 est.)

-$3.026 billion (2015 est.)

-$1.488 billion (2014 est.)

note:balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exports:120

$384.5 million (2017 est.)

$938.469 million (2016 est.)

$1.867 billion (2015 est.)

note:balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - partners:121

UAE 28%, India 21%, Saudi Arabia 17%, Oman 7%, Malaysia 5% (2023)

note:top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Exports - commodities:122

gold, fish, scrap iron, shellfish, industrial acids/oils/alcohols (2023)

note:top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports:123

$4.079 billion (2017 est.)

$8.256 billion (2016 est.)

$7.697 billion (2015 est.)

note:balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - partners:124

China 23%, UAE 15%, Saudi Arabia 11%, Turkey 8%, India 7% (2023)

note:top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Imports - commodities:125

wheat, raw sugar, rice, iron bars, plastic products (2023)

note:top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:126

$1.251 billion (2022 est.)

$1.688 billion (2021 est.)

$969.613 million (2020 est.)

note:holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Debt - external:127

$6.492 billion (2023 est.)

note:present value of external debt in current US dollars

Exchange rates:128

Currency:Yemeni rials (YER) per US dollar -

1,355.116 (2023 est.)

1,115.002 (2022 est.)

1,028.108 (2021 est.)

743.006 (2020 est.)

486.731 (2019 est.)

Energy

Electricity access:129

electrification - total population:76% (2022 est.)
electrification - urban areas:96.1%
electrification - rural areas:65%

Electricity:130

installed generating capacity:1.79 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption:2.579 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses:486.24 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources:131

fossil fuels:83% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar:17% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Coal:132

consumption:27,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports:36,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum:133

total petroleum production:15,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption:58,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves:3 billion barrels (2021 est.)

Natural gas:134

production:10.286 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption:10.286 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves:478.555 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Energy consumption per capita:135

Total energy consumption per capita 2023:2.987 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Communications

Telephones - fixed lines:136

total subscriptions:728,000 (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:2 (2022 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular:137

total subscriptions:20 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:46 (2021 est.)

Broadcast media:138

state-run TV with 2 stations; state-run radio with 2 national radio stations and 5 local stations; stations from Oman and Saudi Arabia can be accessed

Internet country code:139

.ye

Internet users:140

percent of population:14% (2020 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions:141

total:486,000 (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:1 (2022 est.)

Transportation

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix:142

7O

Airports:143

37 (2025)

Heliports:144

6 (2025)

Merchant marine:145

total:30 (2023)
by type:general cargo 2, oil tanker 1, other 27

Ports:146

total ports:10 (2024)
large:1
medium:2
small:2
very small:5
ports with oil terminals:6
key ports:Aden, Al Ahmadi, Al Mukalla, Al Mukha, Ras Isa Marine Terminal

Military and Security

Military and security forces:147

Yemeni Armed Forces: Yemeni National Army, Air Force and Air Defense, Navy and Coastal Defense Forces, Border Guard, Strategic Reserve Forces (includes Special Forces and Presidential Protection Brigades, which are under the Ministry of Defense but responsible to the president), Popular Committee Forces (aka Popular Resistance Forces; government-backed tribal militia)

Ministry of Interior: Security Forces, Emergency Forces, Counterterrorism Units (2025)

note 1:both Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have raised and continue to back tribal and regionally based irregular forces in Yemen

note 2: Houthi (alt Huthi; aka Ansarallah) forces include land, aerospace (air, missile), naval/coastal defense, presidential protection, special operations, internal security, and militia/tribal auxiliary components; a considerable portion--up to 70 percent by some estimates--of Yemen’s military and security forces defected in whole or in part to former president SALAH and the Houthi opposition in 2011-2015

Military and security service personnel strengths:148

not available

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions:149

the Yemeni Government forces have an inventory consisting primarily of Russian and Soviet-era weapons and equipment

Houthi forces are armed largely with weapons seized from the Yemeni Government stockpiles, smuggled in from Iran, and manufactured copies of Iranian designs and pre-war Yemeni Government weapons, such as Chinese and Russian missiles

(2024)

Military service age and obligation:150

18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2001; 2-year service obligation (note - limited information since the start of the civil war in 2014) (2022)

note:as late as 2022, all parties to the ongoing conflict were implicated in child soldier recruitment and use; during the beginning of the truce in April 2022, the Houthis signed a plan with the UN to end the recruitment and use of child soldiers; Houthi leaders previously pledged to end the use of child soldiers in 2012, as did the Government of Yemen in 2014

Military - note:151

government forces under the Yemeni Ministry of Defense are responsible for both external and internal defense; their priorities are the Houthi separatists (aka Ansarallah), the terrorist groups al-Qa’ida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in Yemen (ISIS-Yemen), and maritime security, particularly against arms smuggling; in 2022, the Yemeni Government and the Houthis signed a truce, halting most fighting and establishing humanitarian measures; the former front lines of conflict, in some areas mirroring Yemen’s pre-unification borders, remain static; AQAP and ISIS-Yemen continue to be active in remote areas (2025)

Terrorism

Terrorist group(s):152

Ansarallah (Houthis); Hizballah; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Qods Force; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) - Yemen; al-Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP)

note:details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

Transnational Issues

Refugees and internally displaced persons:153

refugees:60,921 (2024 est.)
IDPs:4,795,983 (2024 est.)

Additional observations

Real GDP growth154
0.75 % annual change (2018)
Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate)155
17.32 % of labor force (2025)
Access to electricity156
86.3 % of population (2024)
Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption157
3.7 % (2021)
Individuals using the internet158
17.49 % of population (2019)
Adult literacy rate159
37.09 % of people aged 15 and over (1994)
Consumer price inflation160
8.1 % annual change (2014)
Government education expenditure161
5.15 % of GDP (2008)

Historical observations

Notes & sources

  1. Background. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  2. Location. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  3. Geographic coordinates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  4. Map references. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  5. Area. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. The archived total area has no reference year and territorial coverage may differ from World Bank surface area. World Bank: 527,968 square kilometers (2024). Reference: 527,968 square kilometers. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  6. Surface area. Surface area: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. The archived total area has no reference year and territorial coverage may differ from World Bank surface area. World Bank: 527,968 square kilometers (2024). Reference: 527,968 square kilometers. ↩
  7. Area - comparative. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  8. Land boundaries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  9. Coastline. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  10. Maritime claims. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  11. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  12. Terrain. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  13. Elevation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  14. Natural resources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  15. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  16. Irrigated land. Reference edition; observation: 2012. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  17. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  18. Natural hazards. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  19. Geography - note. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  20. Population. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 41,773,878 people (2025). Reference: 32,140,443 people (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  21. Population. Population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 41,773,878 people (2025). Reference: 32,140,443 people (2024). ↩
  22. Nationality. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  23. Ethnic groups. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  24. Languages. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  25. Religions. Reference edition; observation: 2020 est.. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  26. Age structure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  27. Dependency ratios. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  28. Median age. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  29. Population growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  30. Population growth rate. Population growth rate: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  31. Birth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  32. Crude birth rate. Crude birth rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  33. Death rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  34. Crude death rate. Crude death rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  35. Net migration rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  36. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  37. Urbanization. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  38. Urban population. Urban population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  39. Major urban areas - population. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  40. Sex ratio. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  41. Mother's mean age at first birth. Reference edition; observation: 2013. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  42. Maternal mortality ratio. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  43. Maternal mortality ratio. Maternal mortality ratio: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  44. Infant mortality rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  45. Infant mortality rate. Infant mortality rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  46. Life expectancy at birth. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  47. Life expectancy at birth. Life expectancy at birth: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  48. Total fertility rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  49. Total fertility rate. Total fertility rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  50. Gross reproduction rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  51. Drinking water source. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  52. At least basic drinking water services. At least basic drinking water services: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. This separately sourced basic-service observation is shown alongside the reference edition’s improved/unimproved categories. It does not replace those category totals. ↩
  53. Health expenditure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  54. Current health expenditure. Current health expenditure: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  55. Physician density. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  56. Physicians. Physicians: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  57. Sanitation facility access. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  58. At least basic sanitation services. At least basic sanitation services: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. This separately sourced basic-service observation is shown alongside the reference edition’s improved/unimproved categories. It does not replace those category totals. ↩
  59. Obesity - adult prevalence rate. Reference edition; observation: 2016. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  60. Alcohol consumption per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  61. Tobacco use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  62. Children under the age of 5 years underweight. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  63. Currently married women (ages 15-49). Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  64. Child marriage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  65. Literacy. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  66. Environmental issues. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  67. International environmental agreements. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  68. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  69. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  70. Urbanization. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  71. Carbon dioxide emissions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  72. Particulate matter emissions. Reference edition; observation: 2019. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  73. Methane emissions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  74. Waste and recycling. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  75. Total water withdrawal. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  76. Total renewable water resources. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  77. Country name. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  78. Government type. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  79. Capital. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  80. Administrative divisions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  81. Legal system. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  82. Constitution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  83. International law organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  84. Citizenship. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  85. Suffrage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  86. Executive branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  87. Legislative branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  88. Legislative branch - lower chamber. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  89. Legislative branch - upper chamber. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  90. Judicial branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  91. Political parties. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  92. Diplomatic representation in the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  93. Diplomatic representation from the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  94. International organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  95. Independence. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  96. National holiday. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  97. Flag. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  98. National symbol(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  99. National color(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  100. National anthem(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  101. National heritage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  102. Economic overview. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  103. Real GDP (purchasing power parity). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  104. Real GDP growth rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  105. Real GDP per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  106. GDP (official exchange rate). Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 21,606,160,663.03 current US dollars (2018). Reference: 8,278,000,000 current US dollars (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  107. GDP. GDP: observation 2018; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 21,606,160,663.03 current US dollars (2018). Reference: 8,278,000,000 current US dollars (2024). ↩
  108. Inflation rate (consumer prices). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  109. GDP - composition, by sector of origin. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  110. Agricultural products. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  111. Industries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  112. Industrial production growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2018. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  113. Labor force. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  114. Unemployment rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  115. Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  116. Remittances. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  117. Budget. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  118. Public debt. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  119. Current account balance. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  120. Exports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  121. Exports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  122. Exports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  123. Imports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  124. Imports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  125. Imports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  126. Reserves of foreign exchange and gold. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  127. Debt - external. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  128. Exchange rates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  129. Electricity access. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  130. Electricity. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  131. Electricity generation sources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  132. Coal. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  133. Petroleum. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  134. Natural gas. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  135. Energy consumption per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  136. Telephones - fixed lines. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  137. Telephones - mobile cellular. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  138. Broadcast media. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  139. Internet country code. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  140. Internet users. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  141. Broadband - fixed subscriptions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  142. Civil aircraft registration country code prefix. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  143. Airports. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  144. Heliports. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  145. Merchant marine. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  146. Ports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  147. Military and security forces. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  148. Military and security service personnel strengths. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  149. Military equipment inventories and acquisitions. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  150. Military service age and obligation. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  151. Military - note. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  152. Terrorist group(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  153. Refugees and internally displaced persons. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 10:11:24 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  154. Real GDP growth. Real GDP growth: observation 2018; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator denotes the percentage change over each previous year of the constant price (base year 2015) series in United States dollars. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?format=json ↩
  155. Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate). Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate): observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. The ILO modeled estimate is not necessarily directly comparable with national unemployment measures. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?format=json ↩
  156. Access to electricity. Access to electricity: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electricity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys and international sources. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS?format=json ↩
  157. Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption. Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption: observation 2021; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Renewable energy consumption is the share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS?format=json ↩
  158. Individuals using the internet. Individuals using the internet: observation 2019; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Internet users are individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?format=json ↩
  159. Adult literacy rate. Adult literacy rate: observation 1994; checked 2026-10-29; primary source checked. World Bank World Development Indicators. Primary source checked 2026-10-29T21:00:10.046Z. provider release 2026-10-08. source organization Data API, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/resources, note: The data are obtained through the UIS API. Detailed documentation is available at: https://api.uis.unesco.org/api/public/documentation/, publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), type: Excel (bulk file), date accessed: 2026-03-19, date published: 2026-02. definition Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above). Original provider-reported country/economy series; unchanged historical boundaries are not asserted. Checked original WDI publication and metadata, not independent corroboration. ↩
  160. Consumer price inflation. Consumer price inflation: observation 2014; checked 2026-10-29; primary source checked. World Bank World Development Indicators. Primary source checked 2026-10-29T20:33:52.290Z. provider release 2026-10-08. source organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF). definition Inflation, consumer prices (annual %). Original provider-reported country/economy series; unchanged historical boundaries are not asserted. Checked original WDI publication and metadata, not independent corroboration. ↩
  161. Government education expenditure. Government education expenditure: observation 2008; checked 2026-10-29; primary source checked. World Bank World Development Indicators. Primary source checked 2026-10-29T20:33:44.203Z. provider release 2026-10-08. source organization Data API, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/resources, note: The data are obtained through the UIS API. Detailed documentation is available at: https://api.uis.unesco.org/api/public/documentation/, publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), date accessed: 2026-03-19, date published: 2026-02. definition Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP). Original provider-reported country/economy series; unchanged historical boundaries are not asserted. Checked original WDI publication and metadata, not independent corroboration. ↩
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Countries & territories

Same-year values. Equal values share a rank.

Sources & method

Ranks cover available countries and territories, using the same indicator, source unit and reference year. Unrounded source values determine ties. Coverage is not a sovereign-country or complete global ranking; national definitions may differ. Missing values and other years are excluded. The information icon preserves the original number, unit and evidence.

RankCountry or territoryValue
Source information