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Kosovo

Kosovo flag
ⓘ

2021 Factbook flag mirror; image identity has not been individually audited. Source.

Last updated: October 29, 2026

World Bank directory: capital Pristina · 42.565°, 20.926° · sourceRetrieved 2026-10-29 · single source, unverified; directory metadata may be stale.
Kosovo: CIA World Factbook map from 2021; original boundary notes preserved.
ⓘCIA World Factbook map, February 2021 media edition. Identity reviewed; current boundaries have not been audited. visual contact sheet or original identity check; does not verify current boundaries Boundaries, place names and designations may be dated or disputed; original annotations retained. SHA-256: c97a82404461943ee4febf11f82cc45115a79aa9923f7905fe8ac1ab1527a17f. Provenance and inspection record.

Introduction

Background:1

The Ottoman Empire took control of Kosovo in 1389 after defeating Serbian forces. Large numbers of Turks and Albanians moved to the region, and by the end of the 19th century, Albanians had replaced Serbs as the majority ethnic group in Kosovo. Serbia reacquired control of Kosovo during the First Balkan War of 1912, and after World War II, Kosovo became an autonomous province of Serbia in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). Increasing Albanian nationalism in the 1980s led to riots and calls for Kosovo's independence, but in 1989, Belgrade -- which has in turn served as the capital of Serbia and Yugoslavia -- revoked Kosovo's autonomous status. When the SFRY broke up in 1991, Kosovo Albanian leaders organized an independence referendum, and Belgrade's repressive response led to an insurgency. Kosovo remained part of Serbia, which joined with Montenegro to declare a new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) in 1992.

In 1998, Belgrade launched a brutal counterinsurgency campaign, with some 800,000 ethnic Albanians expelled from their homes in Kosovo. After international mediation failed, a NATO military operation began in March 1999 and forced Belgrade to withdraw its forces from Kosovo. UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999) placed Kosovo under the temporary control of the UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK). Negotiations in 2006-07 ended without agreement between Serbia and Kosovo, though the UN issued a comprehensive report that endorsed independence. On 17 February 2008, the Kosovo Assembly declared Kosovo independent.

Serbia continues to reject Kosovo's independence, but the two countries began EU-facilitated discussions in 2013 to normalize relations, which resulted in several agreements. Additional agreements were reached in 2015 and 2023, but implementation remains incomplete. In 2022, Kosovo formally applied for membership in the EU, which is contingent on fulfillment of accession criteria, and the Council of Europe. Kosovo is also seeking UN and NATO memberships.

Geography

Location:2

Southeastern Europe, between Serbia and Macedonia

Geographic coordinates:3

42 35 N, 21 00 E

Map references:4

Europe

Area:5

total:10,887 sq km
land:10,887 sq km
water:0 sq km

Area - comparative:6

slightly larger than Delaware

Land boundaries:7

total:714 km
border countries (4):Albania 112 km; North Macedonia 160 km; Montenegro 76 km; Serbia 366 km

Coastline:8

0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims:9

none (landlocked)

Climate:10

influenced by continental air masses resulting in relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns; Mediterranean and alpine influences create regional variation; maximum rainfall between October and December

Terrain:11

flat fluvial basin at an elevation of 400-700 m above sea level surrounded by several high mountain ranges with elevations of 2,000 to 2,500 m

Elevation:12

highest point:Gjeravica/Deravica 2,656 m
lowest point:Drini i Bardhe/Beli Drim (located on the border with Albania) 297 m
mean elevation:450 m

Natural resources:13

nickel, lead, zinc, magnesium, lignite, kaolin, chrome, bauxite

Land use:14

agricultural land:52.8% (2018 est.)
arable land:27.4% (2018 est.)
permanent crops:1.9% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture:23.5% (2018 est.)
forest:41.7% (2018 est.)
other:5.5% (2018 est.)

Irrigated land:15

NA

Major watersheds (area sq km):16

Atlantic Ocean drainage:(Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)

Population distribution:17

population clusters exist throughout the country, with the largest in the east in and around the capital of Pristina

Geography - note:18

the 41-km (25-mi) Nerodimka River divides into two branches, each of which flows into a different sea: the northern branch flows into the Sitnica River, which via the Ibar, Morava, and Danube Rivers ultimately flows into the Black Sea; the southern branch flows via the Lepenac and Vardar Rivers into the Aegean Sea

People and Society

Population:19

Population: 1,576,876 people (2025)

total:1,977,093 (2024 est.)
male:1,017,992
female:959,101

Nationality:21

noun:Kosovan
adjective:Kosovan
note:Kosovo, a neutral term, is sometimes also used as a noun or adjective as in Kosovo Albanian, Kosovo Serb, Kosovo minority, or Kosovo citizen

Ethnic groups:22

Albanians 92.9%, Bosniaks 1.6%, Serbs 1.5%, Turk 1.1%, Ashkali 0.9%, Egyptian 0.7%, Gorani 0.6%, Romani 0.5%, other/unspecified 0.2% (2011 est.)

note:these estimates may under-represent Serb, Romani, and some other ethnic minorities because they are based on the 2011 Kosovo national census, which excluded northern Kosovo (a largely Serb-inhabited region) and was partially boycotted by Serb and Romani communities in southern Kosovo

Languages:23

Albanian (official) 94.5%, Bosnian 1.7%, Serbian (official) 1.6%, Turkish 1.1%, other 0.9% (includes Romani), unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.)

major-language sample(s):Libri i fakteve boterore, burimi i pazevendesueshem per informacione elementare (Albanian)
major-language sample(s):Knjiga svetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Serbian)
major-language sample(s):The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
note:these estimates may under-represent Serb, Romani, and other ethnic minority languages because they are based on the 2011 Kosovo national census, which excluded northern Kosovo (a largely Serb-inhabited region) and was partially boycotted by Serb and Romani communities in southern Kosovo

Religions:24

Muslim 95.6%, Roman Catholic 2.2%, Orthodox 1.5%, other 0.1%, none 0.1%, unspecified 0.6% (2011 est.)

note:these estimates may under-represent Serb, Romani, and some other ethnic minorities because they are based on the 2011 Kosovo national census, which excluded northern Kosovo (a largely Serb-inhabited region) and was partially boycotted by Serb and Romani communities in southern Kosovo

Age structure:25

0-14 years:22.7% (male 233,010/female 216,304)
15-64 years:68.9% (male 712,403/female 649,932)
65 years and over:8.4% (2024 est.) (male 72,579/female 92,865)

Dependency ratios:26

total dependency ratio:45.1 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio:33 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio:12.1 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio:8.2 (2024 est.)

Median age:27

total:32 years (2024 est.)
male:31.7 years
female:32.4 years

Population growth rate:28

Population growth rate: -1.1 % annually (2025)

0.68% (2024 est.)

Birth rate:30

Crude birth rate: 11.85 births per 1,000 people (2024)

14.4 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate:32

Crude death rate: 5.97 deaths per 1,000 people (2024)

7.2 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate:34

-0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution:35

population clusters exist throughout the country, with the largest in the east in and around the capital of Pristina

Major urban areas - population:36

218,782 PRISTINA (capital) (2020)

Sex ratio:37

at birth:1.08 male(s)/female
0-14 years:1.08 male(s)/female
15-64 years:1.1 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.78 male(s)/female
total population:1.06 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Infant mortality rate:38

Infant mortality rate: 8 deaths per 1,000 live births (2024)

total:22.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
male:24.2 deaths/1,000 live births
female:21.5 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth:40

Life expectancy at birth: 78.22 years (2024)

total population:73.1 years (2024 est.)
male:71 years
female:75.5 years

Total fertility rate:42

Total fertility rate: 1.54 births per woman (2024)

1.87 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Gross reproduction rate:44

0.9 (2024 est.)

Physician density:45

0.2 physicians/1,000 population (2015)

Environment

Environmental issues:46

air pollution from power plants and lignite mines; water scarcity and pollution; land degradation

Climate:47

influenced by continental air masses resulting in relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns; Mediterranean and alpine influences create regional variation; maximum rainfall between October and December

Land use:48

agricultural land:52.8% (2018 est.)
arable land:27.4% (2018 est.)
permanent crops:1.9% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture:23.5% (2018 est.)
forest:41.7% (2018 est.)
other:5.5% (2018 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions:49

total emissions:7.444 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke:5.005 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids:2.439 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Waste and recycling:50

municipal solid waste generated annually:319,000 tons (2024 est.)

Government

Country name:51

conventional long form:Republic of Kosovo
conventional short form:Kosovo
local long form:Republika e Kosoves (Albanian)/ Republika Kosovo (Serbian)
local short form:Kosove (Albanian)/ Kosovo (Serbian)
etymology:name may derive from the Serbian word kos , meaning "blackbird," or from a personal name

Government type:52

parliamentary republic

Capital:53

name:Pristina (Prishtine, Prishtina)
geographic coordinates:42 40 N, 21 10 E
time difference:UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time:+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology:the town takes its name from the river; the origin of the river's name is unclear but could come from a pre-Slavic language

Administrative divisions:54

38 municipalities ( komunat , singular - komuna (Albanian); opstine , singular - opstina (Serbian)); Decan (Decani), Dragash (Dragas), Ferizaj (Urosevac), Fushe Kosove (Kosovo Polje), Gjakove (Dakovica), Gjilan (Gnjilane), Gllogovc (Glogovac), Gracanice (Gracanica), Hani i Elezit (Deneral Jankovic), Istog (Istok), Junik, Kacanik, Kamenice (Kamenica), Kline (Klina), Kllokot (Klokot), Leposaviq (Leposavic), Lipjan (Lipljan), Malisheve (Malisevo), Mamushe (Mamusa), Mitrovice e Jugut (Juzna Mitrovica) [South Mitrovica], Mitrovice e Veriut (Severna Mitrovica) [North Mitrovica], Novoberde (Novo Brdo), Obiliq (Obilic), Partesh (Partes), Peje (Pec), Podujeve (Podujevo), Prishtine (Pristina), Prizren, Rahovec (Orahovac), Ranillug (Ranilug), Shterpce (Strpce), Shtime (Stimlje), Skenderaj (Srbica), Suhareke (Suva Reka), Viti (Vitina), Vushtrri (Vucitrn), Zubin Potok, Zvecan

Legal system:55

civil law system

Constitution:56

history:previous 1974, 1990; latest (post-independence) draft finalized 2 April 2008, signed 7 April 2008, ratified 9 April 2008, entered into force 15 June 2008
amendment process:proposed by the government, by the president of the republic, or by one fourth of Assembly deputies; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, including two-thirds majority vote of deputies representing non-majority communities, followed by a favorable Constitutional Court assessment

International law organization participation:57

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship:58

citizenship by birth:no
citizenship by descent only:at least one parent must be a citizen of Kosovo
dual citizenship recognized:yes
residency requirement for naturalization:5 years

Suffrage:59

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:60

chief of state:President Vjosa OSMANI-Sadriu (since 4 April 2021)
head of government:Acting Prime Minister Albin KURTI (since 15 April 2025)
cabinet:Cabinet elected by the Assembly
election/appointment process:president indirectly elected for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term) by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; if a candidate does not reach this threshold in the first two ballots, the candidate winning a simple majority vote in the third ballot is elected; prime minister indirectly elected by the Assembly
most recent election date:3-4 April 2021
election results
election results:2021: Vjosa OSMANI-Sadriu elected president in third ballot; Assembly vote - Vjosa OSMANI-Sadriu (Guxo!) 71 votes; Albin KURTI (LVV) elected prime minister; Assembly vote - 67 for, 30 against
election results:Ramush HARADINAJ (AAK) elected prime minister; Assembly vote - 61 for, 1 abstention, 0 against (opposition boycott)
election results:Hashim THACI elected president in third ballot; Assembly vote - Hashim THACI (PDK) 71 votes
expected date of next election:2026
note:Prime Minister Albin KURTI resigned on 15 April 2025; a replacement has not yet been selected

Legislative branch:61

legislature name:Assembly (Kuvendi i Kosoves/Skupstina Kosova)
legislative structure:unicameral
number of seats:120 (all directly elected)
electoral system:proportional representation
scope of elections:full renewal
term in office:4 years
most recent election date:2/14/2021
parties elected and seats per party:Self-Determination Movement (LVV) (58), Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK) (19), Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) (15), Serb List (10), Alliance for the Future of Kosovo (AAK) (8), other (10)
percentage of women in chamber:34%
expected date of next election:2025
note:20 seats reserved for ethnic minorities -- 10 for Serbs and 10 for other minorities

Judicial branch:62

highest court(s):Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 18 judges and organized into Appeals Panel of the Kosovo Property Agency and Special Chamber); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 7 judges)
judge selection and term of office:Supreme Court judges nominated by the Kosovo Judicial Council, a 13-member independent body staffed by judges and lay members, and also responsible for overall administration of Kosovo's judicial system; judges appointed by the president of the Republic of Kosovo; judges appointed until mandatory retirement age; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the Kosovo Assembly and appointed by the president of the republic to serve single, 9-year terms
subordinate courts:Court of Appeals (organized into 4 departments: General, Serious Crime, Commercial Matters, and Administrative Matters); Basic Court (located in 7 municipalities, each with several branches)
note:in 2015, the Kosovo Assembly approved a constitutional amendment that established the Kosovo Relocated Specialist Judicial Institution, also referred to as the Kosovo Specialist Chambers or "Special Court"; the court, located at the Hague in the Netherlands, began operating in 2016 and has jurisdiction to try crimes against humanity, war crimes, and other crimes under Kosovo law that occurred in the 1998-2000 period

Political parties:63

Alliance for the Future of Kosovo or AAK

Ashkali Party for Integration or PAI

Civic Initiative for Freedom, Justice, and Survival

Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK

Democratic Party of Kosovo or PDK

New Democratic Initiative of Kosovo or IRDK

New Democratic Party or NDS

Progressive Movement of Kosovar Roma or LPRK

Romani Initiative

Self-Determination Movement (Lëvizja Vetevendosje or Vetevendosie) or LVV or VV

Serb List or SL

Social Democratic Union or SDU

Turkish Democratic Party of Kosovo or KDTP

Unique Gorani Party or JGP

Vakat Coalition or VAKAT

Diplomatic representation in the US:64

chief of mission:Ambassador Ilir DUGOLLI (since 13 January 2022)
chancery:3612 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20007
telephone:[1] (202) 450-2130
FAX:[1] (202) 735-0609
email address and website
email address and website:embassy.usa@rks-gov.net
email address and website:U.S. Embassies of the Republic of Kosovo (ambasadat.net)
consulate(s) general:New York
consulate(s):Des Moines (IA)

Diplomatic representation from the US:65

chief of mission:Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Anu PRATTIPATI (since January 2025)
embassy:Arberia/Dragodan, Rr. 4 KORRIKU Nr. 25, Pristina
mailing address:9520 Pristina Place, Washington DC 20521-9520
telephone:[383] 38-59-59-3000
FAX:[383] 38-604-890
email address and website
email address and website:PristinaACS@state.gov
email address and website:https://xk.usembassy.gov/

International organization participation:66

FIFA, IBRD, IDA, IFC, IMF, IOC, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OIF (observer)

Independence:67

17 February 2008 (from Serbia)

National holiday:68

Independence Day, 17 February (2008)

Flag:69

description:a dark blue field with a gold-colored silhouette of Kosovo in the center, with six five-pointed white stars in a slight arc over it
meaning:each star represents one of the major ethnic groups of Kosovo: Albanians, Serbs, Turks, Gorani, Roma, and Bosniaks
note:one of two national flags that uses a map as a design element; the flag of Cyprus is the other

National symbol(s):70

six five-pointed white stars

National color(s):71

blue, gold, white

National coat of arms:72

uses the national colors of blue, gold, and white, and is featured on the country’s flag; the golden map symbolizes a rich and peaceful Kosovo, with a blue background that represents the country’s aspirations for Euro-Atlantic integration; the six white stars stand for the major ethnic groups in Kosovo: Albanians, Serbs, Bosniaks, Turks, Roma (including Ashkali and Egyptians), and Gorani

National anthem(s):73

title:"Europe"
lyrics/music:no lyrics/Mendi MENGJIQI
history:adopted 2008; Kosovo chose not to include lyrics in its anthem to avoid offending the country's minority ethnic groups

National heritage:74

total World Heritage Sites:1 (cultural)
selected World Heritage Site locales:Medieval Monuments in Kosovo

Economy

Economic overview:75

small-but-growing European economy; non-EU member but unilateral euro user; very high unemployment, especially youth; vulnerable reliance on diaspora tourism services, curtailed by COVID-19 disruptions; unclear public loan portfolio health

Real GDP (purchasing power parity):76

$25.019 billion (2024 est.)

$23.962 billion (2023 est.)

$23.025 billion (2022 est.)

note:data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP growth rate:77

4.4% (2024 est.)

4.1% (2023 est.)

4.3% (2022 est.)

note:annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per capita:78

$16,400 (2024 est.)

$14,200 (2023 est.)

$13,000 (2022 est.)

note:data in 2021 dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):79

GDP: 12,456,403,306.82 current US dollars (2025)

$11.149 billion (2024 est.)

note:data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Inflation rate (consumer prices):81

1.6% (2024 est.)

4.9% (2023 est.)

11.6% (2022 est.)

note:annual % change based on consumer prices

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:82

agriculture:6.9% (2024 est.)
industry:26.2% (2024 est.)
services:45.7% (2024 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

GDP - composition, by end use:83

household consumption:84.3% (2024 est.)
government consumption:12.3% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital:33.8% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories:0% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services:41.9% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services:-72.3% (2024 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Agricultural products:84

wheat, corn, berries, potatoes, peppers, fruit; dairy, livestock; fish

Industries:85

mineral mining, construction materials, base metals, leather, machinery, appliances, foodstuffs and beverages, textiles

Industrial production growth rate:86

4% (2024 est.)

note:annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force:87

500,300 (2017 est.)

note:includes those estimated to be employed in the gray economy

Population below poverty line:88

17.6% (2015 est.)

note:% of population with income below national poverty line

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income:89

49.4 (2021 est.)

note:index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Household income or consumption by percentage share:90

lowest 10%:0.4% (2021 est.)
highest 10%:32.9% (2021 est.)
note:% share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

Remittances:91

17.5% of GDP (2023 est.)

17.2% of GDP (2022 est.)

18% of GDP (2021 est.)

note:personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Budget:92

revenues:$1.951 billion (2020 est.)
expenditures:$2.547 billion (2020 est.)

Public debt:93

19.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Current account balance:94

-$785.09 million (2023 est.)

-$983.283 million (2022 est.)

-$818.351 million (2021 est.)

note:balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exports:95

$4.156 billion (2023 est.)

$3.579 billion (2022 est.)

$3.138 billion (2021 est.)

note:balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - partners:96

United States 16%, Albania 15%, North Macedonia 12%, Germany 8%, Italy 8% (2021)

Exports - commodities:97

mattress materials, iron alloys, metal piping, scrap iron, building plastics (2021)

top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports:98

$7.362 billion (2023 est.)

$6.661 billion (2022 est.)

$6.128 billion (2021 est.)

note:balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - partners:99

Germany 13%, Turkey 13%, China 10%, Serbia 7%, Italy 6% (2021)

Imports - commodities:100

refined petroleum, cars, iron rods, electricity, cigars, packaged medicines (2021)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:101

$1.31 billion (2024 est.)

$1.245 billion (2023 est.)

$1.248 billion (2022 est.)

note:holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Debt - external:102

$785.739 million (2023 est.)

note:present value of external debt in current US dollars

Exchange rates:103

Currency:euros (EUR) per US dollar -

0.924 (2024 est.)

0.925 (2023 est.)

0.951 (2022 est.)

0.845 (2021 est.)

0.877 (2020 est.)

note:Kosovo, which is neither an EU member state nor a party to a formal EU monetary agreement, uses the euro as its de facto currency

Energy

Electricity:104

installed generating capacity:1.555 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption:6.571 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports:2.442 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports:3.449 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses:789.167 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources:105

fossil fuels:87.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar:0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
wind:6.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity:6.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Coal:106

production:6.924 million metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption:6.931 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports:13,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports:20,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves:1.564 billion metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum:107

refined petroleum consumption:16,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita:108

Total energy consumption per capita 2023:52.085 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Communications

Telephones - fixed lines:109

total subscriptions:383,763 (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:7 (2022 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular:110

total subscriptions:1,777,859 (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:98 (2022 est.)

Internet country code:111

.xk

note:assigned as a temporary code under UN Security Council resolution 1244/99

Internet users:112

percent of population:89% (2018 est.)

Transportation

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix:113

Z6

Airports:114

2 (2025)

Heliports:115

11 (2025)

Railways:116

total:437 km (2020)

Military and Security

Military and security forces:117

Kosovo Security Force (KSF; Forca e Sigurisë së Kosovës or FSK): Land Force, National Guard (2025)

note:the Kosovo Police are under the Ministry of Internal Affairs

Military expenditures:118

1.5% of GDP (2024 est.)

1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

1.1% of GDP (2022 est.)

1.1% of GDP (2021 est.)

1% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military and security service personnel strengths:119

approximately 3,300 Kosovo Security Forces, including about 800 reserves (2024)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions:120

the KSF is equipped with small arms and light vehicles and has relied on limited amounts of donated equipment from several countries, particularly Turkey and the US (2025)

Military service age and obligation:121

any citizen of Kosovo over the age of 18 is eligible to serve in the Kosovo Security Force; upper age for enlisting is 30 for officers, 25 for other ranks, although these may be waived for recruits with key skills considered essential for the KSF

(2024)

Military - note:122

the Kosovo Security Force (KSF) was established in 2009 as a small (1,500 personnel), lightly armed disaster response force; the NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR) was charged with assisting in the development of the KSF and bringing it up to standards designated by NATO; the KSF was certified as fully operational by the North Atlantic Council in 2013, indicating the then 2,200-strong KSF was entirely capable of performing the tasks assigned under its mandate, which included non-military security functions that were not appropriate for the police, plus missions such as search and rescue, explosive ordnance disposal, control and clearance of hazardous materials, firefighting, and other humanitarian assistance tasks

in 2019, Kosovo approved legislation that began a process to transition the KSF by 2028 into a professional military (the Kosovo Armed Forces) led by a General Staff and comprised of a Land Force, a National Guard, a Logistics Command, and a Doctrine and Training Command; it would have a strength of up to 5,000 with about 3,000 reserves; at the same time, the KSF’s mission was expanded to include traditional military functions, such as territorial defense and international peacekeeping; the KSF’s first international mission was the deployment of a small force to Kuwait in 2021

the NATO-led KFOR has operated in the country as a peace support force since 1999; in addition to assisting in the development of the KSF, KFOR is responsible for providing a safe and secure environment and ensuring freedom of movement for all citizens; as of 2025, it had approximately 4,700 troops from more than 30 countries (2025)

Terrorism

Terrorist group(s):123

Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)

note:details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

Transnational Issues

Refugees and internally displaced persons:124

IDPs:15,582 (2024 est.)

Additional observations

Real GDP growth125
3.59 % annual change (2025)
Consumer price inflation126
3.86 % annual change (2025)
Individuals using the internet127
89.44 % of population (2018)
Urban population128
50.93 % of population (2025)
Access to electricity129
100 % of population (1999)

Historical observations

Notes & sources

  1. Background. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  2. Location. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  3. Geographic coordinates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  4. Map references. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  5. Area. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  6. Area - comparative. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  7. Land boundaries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  8. Coastline. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  9. Maritime claims. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  10. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  11. Terrain. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  12. Elevation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  13. Natural resources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  14. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  15. Irrigated land. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  16. Major watersheds (area sq km). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  17. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  18. Geography - note. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  19. Population. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 1,576,876 people (2025). Reference: 1,977,093 people (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  20. Population. Population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 1,576,876 people (2025). Reference: 1,977,093 people (2024). ↩
  21. Nationality. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  22. Ethnic groups. Reference edition; observation: 2011 est.. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  23. Languages. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  24. Religions. Reference edition; observation: 2011 est.. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  25. Age structure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  26. Dependency ratios. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  27. Median age. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  28. Population growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  29. Population growth rate. Population growth rate: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  30. Birth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  31. Crude birth rate. Crude birth rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  32. Death rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  33. Crude death rate. Crude death rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  34. Net migration rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  35. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  36. Major urban areas - population. Reference edition; observation: 2020. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  37. Sex ratio. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  38. Infant mortality rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  39. Infant mortality rate. Infant mortality rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  40. Life expectancy at birth. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  41. Life expectancy at birth. Life expectancy at birth: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  42. Total fertility rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  43. Total fertility rate. Total fertility rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  44. Gross reproduction rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  45. Physician density. Reference edition; observation: 2015. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  46. Environmental issues. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  47. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  48. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  49. Carbon dioxide emissions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  50. Waste and recycling. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  51. Country name. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  52. Government type. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  53. Capital. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  54. Administrative divisions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  55. Legal system. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  56. Constitution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  57. International law organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  58. Citizenship. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  59. Suffrage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  60. Executive branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  61. Legislative branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  62. Judicial branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  63. Political parties. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  64. Diplomatic representation in the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  65. Diplomatic representation from the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  66. International organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  67. Independence. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  68. National holiday. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  69. Flag. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  70. National symbol(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  71. National color(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  72. National coat of arms. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  73. National anthem(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  74. National heritage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  75. Economic overview. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  76. Real GDP (purchasing power parity). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  77. Real GDP growth rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  78. Real GDP per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  79. GDP (official exchange rate). Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 12,456,403,306.82 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 11,149,000,000 current US dollars (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  80. GDP. GDP: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 12,456,403,306.82 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 11,149,000,000 current US dollars (2024). ↩
  81. Inflation rate (consumer prices). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  82. GDP - composition, by sector of origin. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  83. GDP - composition, by end use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  84. Agricultural products. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  85. Industries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  86. Industrial production growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  87. Labor force. Reference edition; observation: 2017. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  88. Population below poverty line. Reference edition; observation: 2015. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  89. Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  90. Household income or consumption by percentage share. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  91. Remittances. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  92. Budget. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  93. Public debt. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  94. Current account balance. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  95. Exports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  96. Exports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2021. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  97. Exports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2021. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  98. Imports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  99. Imports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2021. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  100. Imports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2021. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  101. Reserves of foreign exchange and gold. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  102. Debt - external. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  103. Exchange rates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  104. Electricity. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  105. Electricity generation sources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  106. Coal. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  107. Petroleum. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  108. Energy consumption per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  109. Telephones - fixed lines. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  110. Telephones - mobile cellular. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  111. Internet country code. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  112. Internet users. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  113. Civil aircraft registration country code prefix. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  114. Airports. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  115. Heliports. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  116. Railways. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  117. Military and security forces. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  118. Military expenditures. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  119. Military and security service personnel strengths. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  120. Military equipment inventories and acquisitions. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  121. Military service age and obligation. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  122. Military - note. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  123. Terrorist group(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  124. Refugees and internally displaced persons. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-17 11:03:35 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  125. Real GDP growth. Real GDP growth: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator denotes the percentage change over each previous year of the constant price (base year 2015) series in United States dollars. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?format=json ↩
  126. Consumer price inflation. Consumer price inflation: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?format=json ↩
  127. Individuals using the internet. Individuals using the internet: observation 2018; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Internet users are individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?format=json ↩
  128. Urban population. Urban population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  129. Access to electricity. Access to electricity: observation 1999; checked 2026-10-29; primary source checked. World Bank World Development Indicators. Primary source checked 2026-10-29T20:33:35.975Z. provider release 2026-10-08. source organization SDG 7.1.1 Electrification Dataset, World Bank (WB), uri: https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/downloads, note: Data is downloaded from ESMAP website. Data is released when a new Tracking SDG7 report is released., publisher: World Bank (WB), date accessed: 2024-05-16, date published: 2023. definition Access to electricity (% of population). Original provider-reported country/economy series; unchanged historical boundaries are not asserted. Checked original WDI publication and metadata, not independent corroboration. ↩
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Countries & territories

Same-year values. Equal values share a rank.

Sources & method

Ranks cover available countries and territories, using the same indicator, source unit and reference year. Unrounded source values determine ties. Coverage is not a sovereign-country or complete global ranking; national definitions may differ. Missing values and other years are excluded. The information icon preserves the original number, unit and evidence.

RankCountry or territoryValue
Source information