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Ukraine

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2021 Factbook flag mirror; image identity has not been individually audited. Source.

Last updated: October 29, 2026

World Bank directory: capital Kiev · 50.4536°, 30.5038° · sourceRetrieved 2026-10-29 · single source, unverified; directory metadata may be stale.
Ukraine: CIA World Factbook map from 2021; original boundary notes preserved.
ⓘCIA World Factbook map, February 2021 media edition. Identity reviewed; current boundaries have not been audited. visual contact sheet or original identity check; does not verify current boundaries Boundaries, place names and designations may be dated or disputed; original annotations retained. SHA-256: d79caf46028033da92ebfe2ace0cfeb27101293b97de1d256c8f195faaec04f6. Provenance and inspection record.

Introduction

Background:1

Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which was the largest and most powerful state in Europe during the 10th and 11th centuries. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, the Russian Empire absorbed most Ukrainian territory. After czarist Russia collapsed in 1917, Ukraine -- which has long been known as the region's "bread basket" for its agricultural production -- achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but the country was reconquered and endured a Soviet rule that engineered two famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over eight million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for seven to eight million more deaths. In 1986, a sudden power surge during a reactor-systems test at Ukraine's Chernobyl power station triggered the worst nuclear disaster in history, releasing massive amounts of radioactive material. Although Ukraine overwhelmingly voted for independence in 1991 as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) dissolved, democracy and prosperity remained elusive, with the legacy of state control, patronage politics, and endemic corruption stalling efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.

In 2004 and 2005, a mass protest dubbed the "Orange Revolution" forced the authorities to overturn a presidential election and allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH became prime minister in 2006 and was elected president in 2010. In 2012, Ukraine held legislative elections that Western observers widely criticized as corrupt. In 2013, YANUKOVYCH backtracked on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU -- in favor of closer economic ties with Russia -- and then used force against protestors who supported the agreement, leading to a three-month protestor occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in 2014 led to multiple deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. Pro-West President Petro POROSHENKO took office later that year; Volodymyr ZELENSKYY succeeded him in 2019.

Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in 2014, Russian President Vladimir PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula. In response, the UN passed a resolution confirming Ukraine's sovereignty and independence. In mid-2014, Russia began an armed conflict in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces. International efforts to end the conflict failed, and by 2022, more than 14,000 civilians were killed or wounded. On 24 February 2022, Russia escalated the conflict by invading the country on several fronts, in what has become the largest conventional military attack on a sovereign state in Europe since World War II. Russia made substantial gains in the early weeks of the invasion but underestimated Ukrainian resolve and combat capabilities. Despite Ukrainian resistance, Russia has laid claim to four Ukrainian oblasts -- Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, and Zaporizhzhia -- although none is fully under Russian control. The international community has not recognized the annexations. The invasion has also created Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II, with over six million Ukrainian refugees recorded globally. It remains one of the two largest displacement crises worldwide (the other is the conflict in Syria). President ZELENSKYY has focused on boosting Ukrainian identity to unite the country behind the goals of ending the war through reclaiming territory and advancing Ukraine’s candidacy for EU membership.

Geography

Location:2

Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland, Belarus, Romania, and Moldova in the west and Russia in the east

Geographic coordinates:3

49 00 N, 32 00 E

Map references:4

AsiaEurope

Area:5

Surface area: 603,550 square kilometers (2024)

total:603,550 sq km
land:579,330 sq km
water:24,220 sq km
note:Russia annexed Crimea in 2014, an area of approximately 27,000 sq km (10,400 sq miles)

Area - comparative:7

almost four times the size of Georgia; slightly smaller than Texas

Land boundaries:8

total:5,581 km
border countries (6):Belarus 1,111 km; Hungary 128 km; Moldova 1,202 km; Poland 498 km; Romania 601 km; Russia 1,944 km, Slovakia 97 km

Coastline:9

2,782 km

Maritime claims:10

territorial sea:12 nm
exclusive economic zone:200 nm
continental shelf:200 m or to the depth of exploitation

Climate:11

temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; warm summers across the greater part of the country, hot in the south

Terrain:12

mostly fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, with mountains found only in the west (the Carpathians) or in the extreme south of the Crimean Peninsula

Elevation:13

highest point:Hora Hoverla 2,061 m
lowest point:Black Sea 0 m
mean elevation:175 m

Natural resources:14

iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, arable land

Land use:15

agricultural land:71.3% (2023 est.)
arable land:56.8% (2023 est.)
permanent crops:1.5% (2023 est.)
permanent pasture:13% (2023 est.)
forest:17.3% (2023 est.)
other:10.4% (2023 est.)

Irrigated land:16

1,000 sq km (2022)

Major rivers (by length in km):17

Dunay (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km; Dnipro (Dnieper) river mouth (shared with Russia [s] and Belarus) - 2,287 km; Dnister (Dniester) river source and mouth (shared with Moldova) - 1,411 km; Vistula (shared with Poland [s/m] and Belarus) - 1,213 km

note:[s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Major watersheds (area sq km):18

Atlantic Ocean drainage:(Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km), Don (458,694 sq km), Dnieper (533,966 sq km)

Population distribution:19

densest settlement in the eastern (Donbas) and western regions; notable concentrations in and around major urban areas of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Donets'k, Dnipropetrovs'k, and Odesa

note:the ongoing war with Russia has shifted significant portions of the population, particularly in the east

Natural hazards:20

occasional floods; occasional droughts

Geography - note:21

strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second-largest country in Europe after Russia

People and Society

Population:22

Population: 38,980,376 people (2025)

total:35,661,826 (2024 est.)
male:17,510,149
female:18,151,677

Nationality:24

noun:Ukrainian(s)
adjective:Ukrainian

Ethnic groups:25

Ukrainian 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan 0.5%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Romanian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8% (2001 est.)

Languages:26

Ukrainian (official) 67.5%, Russian (regional language) 29.6%, other (includes Crimean Tatar, Moldovan/Romanian, and Hungarian) 2.9% (2001 est.)

major-language sample(s)
major-language sample(s):Свiтова Книга Фактiв – найкраще джерело базової інформації. (Ukrainian)
major-language sample(s):The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions:27

Orthodox (includes the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU), Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC), and the Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate (UOC-MP)), Ukrainian Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Jewish (2013 est.)

note:Ukraine's population is overwhelmingly Christian; the vast majority - up to two thirds - identify themselves as Orthodox, but many do not specify a particular branch; the OCU and the UOC-MP each represent less than a quarter of the country's population, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church accounts for 8-10%, and the UAOC accounts for 1-2%; Muslim and Jewish adherents each compose less than 1% of the total population

Age structure:28

0-14 years:12.3% (male 2,278,116/female 2,122,500)
15-64 years:67.8% (male 12,784,928/female 11,376,460)
65 years and over:19.9% (2024 est.) (male 2,447,105/female 4,652,717)

Dependency ratios:29

total dependency ratio:47.6 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio:18.2 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio:29.4 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio:3.4 (2024 est.)
note:data include Crimea

Median age:30

total:44.9 years (2024 est.)
male:41.4 years
female:49.2 years

Population growth rate:31

Population growth rate: 2.92 % annually (2025)

2.38% (2024 est.)

Birth rate:33

Crude birth rate: 5.47 births per 1,000 people (2024)

6 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate:35

Crude death rate: 13.6 deaths per 1,000 people (2024)

18.6 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate:37

36.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution:38

densest settlement in the eastern (Donbas) and western regions; notable concentrations in and around major urban areas of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Donets'k, Dnipropetrovs'k, and Odesa

note:the ongoing war with Russia has shifted significant portions of the population, particularly in the east

Urbanization:39

Urban population: 69.6 % of population (2025)

urban population:70.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:-0.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas - population:41

3.017 million KYIV (capital), 1.421 million Kharkiv, 1.008 million Odesa, 942,000 Dnipropetrovsk, 888,000 Donetsk (2023)

Sex ratio:42

at birth:1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years:1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years:1.12 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.53 male(s)/female
total population:0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth:43

26.2 years (2019 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio:44

Maternal mortality ratio: 15 deaths per 100,000 live births (2023)

15 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Infant mortality rate:46

Infant mortality rate: 7.6 deaths per 1,000 live births (2024)

total:8.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
male:9.7 deaths/1,000 live births
female:7.6 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth:48

Life expectancy at birth: 74.69 years (2024)

total population:70.5 years (2024 est.)
male:65.4 years
female:75.8 years

Total fertility rate:50

Total fertility rate: 0.99 births per woman (2024)

1.22 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Gross reproduction rate:52

0.59 (2024 est.)

Drinking water source:53

At least basic drinking water services: 93.48 % of population (2024)

improved
urban:90.8% of population (2022 est.)
rural:100% of population (2022 est.)
total:93.6% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved
urban:9.2% of population (2022 est.)
rural:0% of population (2022 est.)
total:6.4% of population (2022 est.)

Health expenditure:55

Current health expenditure: 8.2 % of GDP (2021)

Health expenditure (as % of GDP):8% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget):10.6% of national budget (2021 est.)

Physician density:57

Physicians: 3.53 per 1,000 people (2023)

3.53 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Hospital bed density:59

6.3 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Sanitation facility access:60

At least basic sanitation services: 97.73 % of population (2024)

improved
urban:100% of population (2022 est.)
rural:100% of population (2022 est.)
total:100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved
urban:0% of population (2022 est.)
rural:0% of population (2022 est.)
total:0% of population (2022 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate:62

24.1% (2016)

Alcohol consumption per capita:63

total:5.69 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer:2.44 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine:0.32 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits:2.88 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols:0.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use:64

total:20.4% (2025 est.)
male:35.5% (2025 est.)
female:8% (2025 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49):65

61.6% (2023 est.)

Education expenditure:66

Government education expenditure: 5.14 % of GDP (2021)

Education expenditure (% GDP):5.1% of GDP (2021 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget):12.7% national budget (2021 est.)

Literacy:68

total population:100%
male:100%
female:100% (2021)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):69

total:13 years (2021 est.)
male:13 years (2021 est.)
female:14 years (2021 est.)

Environment

Environmental issues:70

air and water pollution; land degradation; solid waste management; biodiversity loss; deforestation; radiation contamination in the northeast from 1986 nuclear accident in Chornobyl'

International environmental agreements:71

party to:Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified:Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds

Climate:72

temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; warm summers across the greater part of the country, hot in the south

Land use:73

agricultural land:71.3% (2023 est.)
arable land:56.8% (2023 est.)
permanent crops:1.5% (2023 est.)
permanent pasture:13% (2023 est.)
forest:17.3% (2023 est.)
other:10.4% (2023 est.)

Urbanization:74

urban population:70.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:-0.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions:75

total emissions:106.847 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke:45.512 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids:24.488 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas:36.847 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions:76

15.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Methane emissions:77

energy:1,003.4 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture:341.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste:409.2 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other:70.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Waste and recycling:78

municipal solid waste generated annually:15.242 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled:4.5% (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal:79

municipal:1.66 billion cubic meters (2022)
industrial:2.188 billion cubic meters (2022)
agricultural:1.031 billion cubic meters (2022)

Total renewable water resources:80

175.28 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Government

Country name:81

conventional long form:none
conventional short form:Ukraine
local long form:none
local short form:Ukraina
former:Ukrainian National Republic, Ukrainian State, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
etymology:the name derives from the Old East Slavic or Old Russian word ukraina , meaning "borderland," which was used to describe the area on medieval Russia's border at the time of the Tatar invasion in the 13th century

Government type:82

semi-presidential republic

Capital:83

name:Kyiv (Kiev is the transliteration from Russian)
geographic coordinates:50 26 N, 30 31 E
time difference:UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time:+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology:the origin of the name is unclear; traditionally, the name comes from a Prince Kiy, who is said to have founded the city in the 9th century

Administrative divisions:84

24 provinces ( oblasti , singular - oblast' ), 1 autonomous republic* ( avtonomna respublika ), and 2 municipalities** ( mista , singular - misto ) with oblast status; Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Chernivtsi, Crimea or Avtonomna Respublika Krym* (Simferopol), Dnipropetrovsk (Dnipro), Donetsk, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmelnytskyi, Kirovohrad (Kropyvnytskyi), Kyiv**, Kyiv, Luhansk, Lviv, Mykolaiv, Odesa, Poltava, Rivne, Sevastopol**, Sumy, Ternopil, Vinnytsia, Volyn (Lutsk), Zakarpattia (Uzhhorod), Zaporizhzhia, Zhytomyr

note 1:administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers; exceptions show the administrative center name in parentheses
note 2:the United States does not recognize Russia's annexation or renaming of Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the municipality of Sevastopol; it similarly does not recognize the annexation of the Ukrainian oblasts Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia, and Kherson

Legal system:85

civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts

Constitution:86

history:several previous; latest adopted and ratified 28 June 1996
amendment process:proposed by the president of Ukraine or by at least one third of the Supreme Council members; adoption requires simple majority vote by the Council and at least two-thirds majority vote in its next regular session; adoption of proposals relating to general constitutional principles, elections, and amendment procedures requires two-thirds majority vote by the Council and approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on personal rights and freedoms, national independence, and territorial integrity cannot be amended

International law organization participation:87

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship:88

citizenship by birth:no
citizenship by descent only:at least one parent must be a citizen of Ukraine
dual citizenship recognized:no
residency requirement for naturalization:5 years

Suffrage:89

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:90

chief of state:President Volodymyr ZELENSKYY (since 20 May 2019)
head of government:Prime Minister Yulia SVYRYDENKO (since 17 July 2025)
cabinet:Cabinet of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, approved by the Verkhovna Rada
election/appointment process:president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister selected by the Verkhovna Rada
most recent election date:31 March and 21 April 2019
election results
election results:2019: Volodymyr ZELENSKYY elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Volodymyr ZELENSKYY (Servant of the People) 30.2%, Petro POROSHENKO (BPP-Solidarity) 15.6%, Yuliya TYMOSHENKO (Fatherland) 13.4%, Yuriy BOYKO (Opposition Platform-For Life) 11.7%, 35 other candidates 29.1%; percent of vote in the second round - Volodymyr ZELENSKYY 73.2%, Petro POROSHENKO 24.5%, other 2.3%; Denys SHMYHAL (independent) elected prime minister; Verkhovna Rada vote - 291-59
election results:Petro POROSHENKO elected president in first round; percent of vote - Petro POROSHENKO (independent) 54.5%, Yuliya TYMOSHENKO (Fatherland) 12.9%, Oleh LYASHKO (Radical Party) 8.4%, other 24.2%; Volodymyr HROYSMAN (BPP) elected prime minister; Verkhovna Rada vote - 257-50
expected date of next election:scheduled for March/April 2024, but n ot held because Ukraine has been under martial law since February 2022
note:a National Security and Defense Council or NSDC was created in 1992 and tasked with developing national security policy on domestic and international matters and advising the president; a presidential administration helps draft presidential edicts and provides policy support to the president

Legislative branch:91

legislature name:Parliament (Verkhovna Rada)
legislative structure:unicameral
number of seats:450 (all directly elected)
electoral system:mixed system
scope of elections:full renewal
term in office:5 years
most recent election date:7/21/2019
parties elected and seats per party:Servant of the People (254); Opposition Platform - For Life (43); Fatherland (26); European Solidarity (25); Independents (46); Other (30)
percentage of women in chamber:21.2%
expected date of next election:May 2025
note 1:the next legislative election is expected to take place after the Russian-Ukrainian War ends
note 2:voting not held in Crimea and parts of two Russian-occupied eastern oblasts leaving 26 seats vacant; although this brings the total to 424 elected members (of 450 potential), article 83 of the constitution mandates that a parliamentary majority consists of 226 seats

Judicial branch:92

highest court(s):Supreme Court of Ukraine or SCU (consists of 100 judges, organized into civil, criminal, commercial and administrative chambers, and a grand chamber); Constitutional Court (consists of 18 justices); High Anti-Corruption Court (consists of 39 judges, including 12 in the Appeals Chamber)
judge selection and term of office:Supreme Court judges recommended by the High Qualification Commission of Judges (a 16-member state body responsible for judicial candidate testing and assessment and judicial administration), submitted to the High Council of Justice, a 21-member independent body of judicial officials; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 65; High Anti-Corruption Court judges are selected by the same process, with one addition – a majority of a combined High Qualification Commission of Judges and a 6-member Public Council of International Experts must vote in favor of potential judges in order to recommend their nomination to the High Council of Justice; Constitutional Court justices appointed - 6 each by the president, the Congress of Judges, and the Verkhovna Rada; judges serve 9-year nonrenewable terms
subordinate courts:Courts of Appeal; district courts

Political parties:93

European Solidarity or YeS

Fatherland or VOB

Holos

Servant of the People or SN

Diplomatic representation in the US:94

chief of mission:Ambassador Olha STEFANISHYNA (since 19 September 2025)
chancery:3350 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007
telephone:[1] (202) 349-2963
FAX:[1] (202) 333-0817
email address and website
email address and website:emb_us@mfa.gov.ua
email address and website:https://usa.mfa.gov.ua/en
consulate(s) general:Chicago, New York, San Francisco

Diplomatic representation from the US:95

chief of mission:Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Ambassador Julie S. DAVIS (since 5 May 2025)
embassy:4 A. I. Igor Sikorsky Street, 04112 Kyiv
mailing address:5850 Kyiv Place, Washington, DC 20521-5850
telephone:[380] (44) 521-5000
FAX:[380] (44) 521-5544
email address and website
email address and website:kyivacs@state.gov
email address and website:https://ua.usembassy.gov/

International organization participation:96

Australia Group, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CICA (observer), CIS (participating member, has not signed the 1993 CIS charter), EAEC (observer), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

note : Ukraine is an EU candidate country and must complete accession criteria before being granted full membership

Independence:97

24 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: ca. 982 (VOLODYMYR I consolidates Kyivan Rus); 1199 (Principality (later Kingdom) of Ruthenia formed); 1648 (establishment of the Cossack Hetmanate); 22 January 1918 (from Soviet Russia)

National holiday:98

Independence Day, 24 August (1991)

note:22 January 1918, the day Ukraine first declared its independence from Soviet Russia, is now celebrated as Unity Day

Flag:99

description:two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and yellow
meaning:the colors date back to medieval heraldry, but they are sometimes said to represent grain fields under a blue sky

National symbol(s):100

tryzub (trident), sunflower

National color(s):101

blue, yellow

National anthem(s):102

title:"Shche ne vmerla Ukraina" (Ukraine Has Not Yet Perished)
lyrics/music:Paul CHUBYNSKYI/Mikhail VERBYTSKYI
history:music adopted 1991, lyrics adopted 2003; current version of the anthem is the first verse of CHUBYNSKYI's poem, plus the chorus

National heritage:103

total World Heritage Sites:8 (7 cultural, 1 natural)
selected World Heritage Site locales:Kyiv: Saint Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv Pechersk Lavra (c); Lviv Historic Center (c); Residence of Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans, Chernivtsi (c); Ancient City of Tauric Chersonese, Sevastopol (c); Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region (c); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians (n); Struve Geodetic Arc (c); The Historic Centre of Odesa (c)

Economy

Economic overview:104

lower-middle-income, non-EU, Eastern European economy; key wheat and corn exporter; gradual recovery after 30% GDP contraction at start of war; damage to infrastructure and agriculture balanced by consumer and business resilience in western Ukraine; international aid has stabilized foreign exchange reserves, allowing managed currency float; continued progress on anti-corruption reforms

Real GDP (purchasing power parity):105

$577.583 billion (2024 est.)

$561.23 billion (2023 est.)

$531.796 billion (2022 est.)

note:data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP growth rate:106

2.9% (2024 est.)

5.5% (2023 est.)

-28.8% (2022 est.)

note:annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per capita:107

$16,300 (2024 est.)

$15,900 (2023 est.)

$13,800 (2022 est.)

note:data in 2021 dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):108

GDP: 214,233,312,784.4 current US dollars (2025)

$190.741 billion (2024 est.)

note:data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Inflation rate (consumer prices):110

6.5% (2024 est.)

12.8% (2023 est.)

20.2% (2022 est.)

note:annual % change based on consumer prices

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:111

agriculture:7.1% (2024 est.)
industry:19% (2024 est.)
services:60.6% (2024 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

GDP - composition, by end use:112

household consumption:62.4% (2024 est.)
government consumption:37.9% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital:18.9% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories:-0.3% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services:29.4% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services:-48.3% (2024 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Agricultural products:113

maize, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, milk, barley, soybeans, rapeseed, tomatoes (2023)

note:top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries:114

industrial machinery, ferrous and nonferrous metals, automotive and aircraft components, electronics, chemicals, textiles, mining, construction

Industrial production growth rate:115

4.1% (2024 est.)

note:annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force:116

20.539 million (2021 est.)

note:number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate:117

9.9% (2021 est.)

9.5% (2020 est.)

8.2% (2019 est.)

note:% of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24):118

total:19.1% (2021 est.)
male:18.1% (2021 est.)
female:20.4% (2021 est.)
note:% of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Population below poverty line:119

1.6% (2020 est.)

note:% of population with income below national poverty line

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income:120

25.6 (2020 est.)

note:index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Average household expenditures:121

on food:41.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco:6.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:122

lowest 10%:4.3% (2020 est.)
highest 10%:21.7% (2020 est.)
note:% share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

Remittances:123

6.3% of GDP (2024 est.)

8.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

10.4% of GDP (2022 est.)

note:personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Budget:124

revenues:$86.185 billion (2023 est.)
expenditures:$121.657 billion (2023 est.)
note:central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Public debt:125

58.7% of GDP (2020 est.)

note:central government debt as a % of GDP

Taxes and other revenues:126

17.5% (of GDP) (2023 est.)

note:central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Current account balance:127

-$13.749 billion (2024 est.)

-$9.564 billion (2023 est.)

$7.976 billion (2022 est.)

note:balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exports:128

$56.114 billion (2024 est.)

$51.28 billion (2023 est.)

$57.517 billion (2022 est.)

note:balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - partners:129

Poland 12%, Romania 9%, Turkey 7%, China 6%, Spain 6% (2023)

note:top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Exports - commodities:130

corn, seed oils, wheat, iron ore, soybeans (2023)

note:top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports:131

$92.025 billion (2024 est.)

$89.159 billion (2023 est.)

$83.254 billion (2022 est.)

note:balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - partners:132

China 16%, Poland 14%, Germany 8%, Turkey 6%, USA 4% (2023)

note:top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Imports - commodities:133

refined petroleum, cars, natural gas, packaged medicine, plastic products (2023)

note:top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:134

$43.781 billion (2024 est.)

$40.51 billion (2023 est.)

$28.506 billion (2022 est.)

note:holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Debt - external:135

$90.003 billion (2023 est.)

note:present value of external debt in current US dollars

Exchange rates:136

Currency:hryvnia (UAH) per US dollar -

40.152 (2024 est.)

36.574 (2023 est.)

32.342 (2022 est.)

27.286 (2021 est.)

26.958 (2020 est.)

Energy

Electricity access:137

electrification - total population:100% (2022 est.)

Electricity:138

installed generating capacity:60.297 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption:89.402 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports:6.1 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports:3.28 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses:10.347 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources:139

fossil fuels:32.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
nuclear:50.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar:4.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
wind:1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity:9.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste:1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Nuclear energy:140

Number of operational nuclear reactors:15 (2025)
Number of nuclear reactors under construction:2 (2025)
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors:13.11GW (2025 est.)
Percent of total electricity production:55% (2023 est.)
Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down:4 (2025)

Coal:141

production:19.603 million metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption:25.012 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports:32,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports:5.442 million metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves:34.375 billion metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum:142

total petroleum production:3,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption:192,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves:395 million barrels (2021 est.)

Natural gas:143

production:17.681 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption:19.705 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
exports:95.994 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
imports:2.028 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves:1.104 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Energy consumption per capita:144

Total energy consumption per capita 2023:57.856 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Communications

Telephones - fixed lines:145

total subscriptions:1.434 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:4 (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular:146

total subscriptions:50.3 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:135 (2021 est.)

Broadcast media:147

media landscape dominated by oligarch-owned news outlets; United News created for 24-hour news about the war with Russia, a joint effort from the Ukrainian public broadcaster and top commercial TV channels; Ukraine Radio's Suspilne and privately owned Radio NV are the national talk radio networks (2021)

Internet country code:148

.ua

Internet users:149

percent of population:82% (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions:150

total:8.07 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:20 (2023 est.)

Transportation

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix:151

UR

Airports:152

152 (2025)

Heliports:153

44 (2025)

Railways:154

total:21,733 km (2014)
standard gauge:49 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (49 km electrified)
broad gauge:21,684 km (2014) 1.524-m gauge (9,250 km electrified)

Merchant marine:155

total:410 (2023)
by type:container ship 1, general cargo 83, oil tanker 14, other 312

Ports:156

total ports:26 (2024)
large:3
medium:0
small:8
very small:15
ports with oil terminals:8
key ports:Berdyansk, Dnipro-Buzkyy, Feodosiya, Illichivsk, Kerch, Kherson, Mariupol, Mykolayiv, Odesa, Sevastopol, Yuzhnyy

Military and Security

Military and security forces:157

Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU; Zbroyni Syly Ukrayiny or ZSU): Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air Forces, Air Assault Forces, Marine Corps, Special Operations Forces, Unmanned Systems Forces, Territorial Defense Forces (Reserves)

Ministry of Internal Affairs: National Guard of Ukraine, State Border Guard Service of Ukraine (includes Maritime Border Guard or Sea Guard), National Police of Ukraine (2025)

note 1:combat units of the National Guard, National Police, and Border Guards come under the control of the Armed Forces in wartime.
note 2:the Territorial Defense Forces (TDF) were formally established in July 2021; the TDF evolved from former Territorial Defense Battalions and other volunteer militia and paramilitary units that were organized in 2014-2015 to fight Russian-backed separatists in the Donbas; in January 2022, the TDF was activated as a separate military branch
note 3:collectively, the AFU and the forces under the Ministry of Interior are known as the Defense Forces of Ukraine (DFU)

Military expenditures:158

4% of GDP (2021 est.)

4.4% of GDP (2020 est.)

3.4% of GDP (2019 est.)

3.1% of GDP (2018 est.)

3.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

note:since Russia's invasion of the country in early 2022, annual defense spending has increased to more than 30% of GDP according to some estimates

Military and security service personnel strengths:159

estimated 850,000-1 million active Defense Forces (2025)

note:following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, President ZELENSKY announced a general mobilization of the country; prior to the invasion, Ukraine had approximately 200,000 active Armed Forces troops, approximately 50,000 National Guard, and approximately 40,000 State Border Guard

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions:160

prior to the full-scale Russian invasion in February 2022, the Ukrainian military was equipped largely with Russian-origin and Soviet-era weapons systems; since the invasion, it has received considerable quantities of weapons, including Soviet-era and more modern Western systems, from European countries and the US; Ukraine also has a growing inventory of domestically produced weapons and equipment (2024)

Military service age and obligation:161

18 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; 25 years of age for conscription for men; 18-24 months service obligation (2025)

note 1:conscription was abolished in 2012, but reintroduced in 2014; following the Russian invasion in 2022, all non-exempt men ages 18-60 were required to register with their local recruitment offices and undergo medical screening for possible service; the Territorial Defense Forces accept volunteers, 18-60 years of age
note 2:in February 2025, the military implemented a new option for volunteers age 18-24 to sign one-year contracts in return for higher wages, a signing bonus, exemption from mobilization for 12 months, and other social benefits

note 3: women have been able to volunteer for military service since 1993; as of 2024, nearly 70,000 women were serving in the armed forces in both uniformed and civilian positions

note 4:since 2015, the Ukrainian military has allowed foreigners and stateless persons, 18-45 (in special cases up to 60), to join on 3-5-year contracts, based on qualifications; following the 2022 Russian invasion, the military began accepting medically fit foreign volunteers on a larger scale into an International Legion

Military deployments:162

note:prior to the Russian invasion in 2022, Ukraine had committed about 500 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Poland and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units; units affiliated with the multinational brigade remain within the structures of the armed forces of their respective countries until the brigade is activated for participation in an international operation

Military - note:163

the primary focus of the Ukrainian Armed Forces (UAF) is defense against Russian aggression; in February 2022, Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in what is the largest conflict in Europe since the end of World War II in 1945; as of 2025, the front line of the fighting stretched about 1,000 kilometers (some 600 miles) north and south in eastern and southern Ukraine; Russia’s forces have also launched missile and armed drone strikes throughout Ukraine, hitting critical infrastructure, including power, water, and heating facilities, as well as other civilian targets; Russia first invaded Ukraine in 2014, occupying Ukraine’s province of Crimea and backing separatist forces in the Donbas region with arms, equipment, and training, as well as military personnel, although Moscow denied their presence prior to 2022; the UAF has received outside military assistance since the Russian invasion, including equipment and training, chiefly from Europe and the US

Ukraine has a relationship with NATO dating back to the early 1990s, when Ukraine joined the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (1991) and the Partnership for Peace program (1994); the relationship intensified in the wake of the 2014 Russia-Ukraine conflict and Russian seizure of Crimea to include NATO support for Ukrainian military capabilities development and capacity-building; NATO and individual NATO countries further increased support to the Ukrainian military following Russia’s 2022 invasion (2025)

Space

Space agency/agencies:164

State Space Agency of Ukraine (SSAU; established 1992 as the National Space Agency of Ukraine or NSAU and renamed in 2010) (2025)

Space program overview:165

the country inherited a large, well-developed space program when it gained independence in 1991, taking over all the former Soviet defense/space industry that was located on its territory; the modern program includes the production of satellite/space launch vehicles (SLVs)/rocket carriers, satellites, and related components; prior to the Russian invasion in 2022, the country was producing more than 100 SLVs, SLV stages, or SLV engines annually; has worked with numerous foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia (curtailed after 2014), Turkey, and the US, as well as the ESA, the EU, and their member states (particularly Italy and Poland); has about 20 state-run space industries; in 2019, the Ukrainian Parliament began allowing private companies to engage in space activities (2025)

note:Dnipro, known as Ukraine's “Rocket City,” was one of the Soviet Union’s main centers for space, nuclear, and military industries and played a crucial role in the development and manufacture of both civilian and military rockets

Key space-program milestones:166

1995 - first domestically produced remote sensing (RS) satellite (Sich-1) launched on Ukrainian Tsyklon-3 rocket

1997 - first Ukrainian astronaut in space on US Space Shuttle

1999 - first launch of Dnipro-1, a domestically produced satellite launch vehicle (SLV)

2008 - first launch of Zenit-3SLB, a domestically produced SLV

2014 - launched first domestically produced microsatellite (PolyITAN-1)

2020 - signed US-led Artemis Accords for space and lunar exploration

2021 - first successful launch of joint Ukrainian-US commercial light SLV (Alpha)

2022 - domestically produced RS microsatellite (Sich 2-30) launched by US

2024 - first Ukrainian woman to suborbital space on US commercial spacecraft

Transnational Issues

Refugees and internally displaced persons:167

refugees:2,876 (2024 est.)
IDPs:3,665,165 (2024 est.)
stateless persons:10,910 (2024 est.)

Additional observations

Real GDP growth168
1.82 % annual change (2025)
Consumer price inflation169
12.73 % annual change (2025)
Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate)170
9.83 % of labor force (2021)
Access to electricity171
100 % of population (2024)
Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption172
8.9 % (2021)
Individuals using the internet173
82.47 % of population (2024)
Adult literacy rate174
99.43 % of people aged 15 and over (2001)

Historical observations

Notes & sources

  1. Background. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  2. Location. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  3. Geographic coordinates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  4. Map references. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  5. Area. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. The archived total area has no reference year and territorial coverage may differ from World Bank surface area. World Bank: 603,550 square kilometers (2024). Reference: 603,550 square kilometers. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  6. Surface area. Surface area: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. The archived total area has no reference year and territorial coverage may differ from World Bank surface area. World Bank: 603,550 square kilometers (2024). Reference: 603,550 square kilometers. ↩
  7. Area - comparative. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  8. Land boundaries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  9. Coastline. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  10. Maritime claims. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  11. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  12. Terrain. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  13. Elevation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  14. Natural resources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  15. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  16. Irrigated land. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  17. Major rivers (by length in km). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  18. Major watersheds (area sq km). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  19. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  20. Natural hazards. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  21. Geography - note. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  22. Population. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 38,980,376 people (2025). Reference: 35,661,826 people (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  23. Population. Population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 38,980,376 people (2025). Reference: 35,661,826 people (2024). ↩
  24. Nationality. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  25. Ethnic groups. Reference edition; observation: 2001 est.. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  26. Languages. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  27. Religions. Reference edition; observation: 2013 est.. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  28. Age structure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  29. Dependency ratios. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  30. Median age. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  31. Population growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  32. Population growth rate. Population growth rate: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  33. Birth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  34. Crude birth rate. Crude birth rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  35. Death rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  36. Crude death rate. Crude death rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  37. Net migration rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  38. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  39. Urbanization. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  40. Urban population. Urban population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  41. Major urban areas - population. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  42. Sex ratio. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  43. Mother's mean age at first birth. Reference edition; observation: 2019. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  44. Maternal mortality ratio. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  45. Maternal mortality ratio. Maternal mortality ratio: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  46. Infant mortality rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  47. Infant mortality rate. Infant mortality rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  48. Life expectancy at birth. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  49. Life expectancy at birth. Life expectancy at birth: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  50. Total fertility rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  51. Total fertility rate. Total fertility rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  52. Gross reproduction rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  53. Drinking water source. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  54. At least basic drinking water services. At least basic drinking water services: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. This separately sourced basic-service observation is shown alongside the reference edition’s improved/unimproved categories. It does not replace those category totals. ↩
  55. Health expenditure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  56. Current health expenditure. Current health expenditure: observation 2021; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  57. Physician density. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  58. Physicians. Physicians: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  59. Hospital bed density. Reference edition; observation: 2020. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  60. Sanitation facility access. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  61. At least basic sanitation services. At least basic sanitation services: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. This separately sourced basic-service observation is shown alongside the reference edition’s improved/unimproved categories. It does not replace those category totals. ↩
  62. Obesity - adult prevalence rate. Reference edition; observation: 2016. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  63. Alcohol consumption per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  64. Tobacco use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  65. Currently married women (ages 15-49). Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  66. Education expenditure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  67. Government education expenditure. Government education expenditure: observation 2021; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  68. Literacy. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  69. School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  70. Environmental issues. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  71. International environmental agreements. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  72. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  73. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  74. Urbanization. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  75. Carbon dioxide emissions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  76. Particulate matter emissions. Reference edition; observation: 2019. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  77. Methane emissions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  78. Waste and recycling. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  79. Total water withdrawal. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  80. Total renewable water resources. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  81. Country name. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  82. Government type. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  83. Capital. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  84. Administrative divisions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  85. Legal system. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  86. Constitution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  87. International law organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  88. Citizenship. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  89. Suffrage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  90. Executive branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  91. Legislative branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  92. Judicial branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  93. Political parties. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  94. Diplomatic representation in the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  95. Diplomatic representation from the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  96. International organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  97. Independence. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  98. National holiday. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  99. Flag. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  100. National symbol(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  101. National color(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  102. National anthem(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  103. National heritage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  104. Economic overview. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  105. Real GDP (purchasing power parity). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  106. Real GDP growth rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  107. Real GDP per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  108. GDP (official exchange rate). Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 214,233,312,784.4 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 190,741,000,000 current US dollars (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  109. GDP. GDP: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 214,233,312,784.4 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 190,741,000,000 current US dollars (2024). ↩
  110. Inflation rate (consumer prices). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  111. GDP - composition, by sector of origin. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  112. GDP - composition, by end use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  113. Agricultural products. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  114. Industries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  115. Industrial production growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  116. Labor force. Reference edition; observation: 2021. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  117. Unemployment rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  118. Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  119. Population below poverty line. Reference edition; observation: 2020. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  120. Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  121. Average household expenditures. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  122. Household income or consumption by percentage share. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  123. Remittances. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  124. Budget. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  125. Public debt. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  126. Taxes and other revenues. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  127. Current account balance. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  128. Exports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  129. Exports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  130. Exports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  131. Imports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  132. Imports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  133. Imports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  134. Reserves of foreign exchange and gold. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  135. Debt - external. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  136. Exchange rates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  137. Electricity access. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  138. Electricity. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  139. Electricity generation sources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  140. Nuclear energy. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  141. Coal. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  142. Petroleum. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  143. Natural gas. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  144. Energy consumption per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  145. Telephones - fixed lines. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  146. Telephones - mobile cellular. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  147. Broadcast media. Reference edition; observation: 2021. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  148. Internet country code. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  149. Internet users. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  150. Broadband - fixed subscriptions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  151. Civil aircraft registration country code prefix. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  152. Airports. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  153. Heliports. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  154. Railways. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  155. Merchant marine. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  156. Ports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  157. Military and security forces. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  158. Military expenditures. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  159. Military and security service personnel strengths. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  160. Military equipment inventories and acquisitions. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  161. Military service age and obligation. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  162. Military deployments. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  163. Military - note. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  164. Space agency/agencies. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  165. Space program overview. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  166. Key space-program milestones. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  167. Refugees and internally displaced persons. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 16:51:39 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  168. Real GDP growth. Real GDP growth: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator denotes the percentage change over each previous year of the constant price (base year 2015) series in United States dollars. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?format=json ↩
  169. Consumer price inflation. Consumer price inflation: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?format=json ↩
  170. Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate). Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate): observation 2021; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. The ILO modeled estimate is not necessarily directly comparable with national unemployment measures. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?format=json ↩
  171. Access to electricity. Access to electricity: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electricity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys and international sources. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS?format=json ↩
  172. Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption. Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption: observation 2021; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Renewable energy consumption is the share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS?format=json ↩
  173. Individuals using the internet. Individuals using the internet: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Internet users are individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?format=json ↩
  174. Adult literacy rate. Adult literacy rate: observation 2001; checked 2026-10-29; primary source checked. World Bank World Development Indicators. Primary source checked 2026-10-29T20:31:53.866Z. provider release 2026-10-08. source organization Data API, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/resources, note: The data are obtained through the UIS API. Detailed documentation is available at: https://api.uis.unesco.org/api/public/documentation/, publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), type: Excel (bulk file), date accessed: 2026-03-19, date published: 2026-02. definition Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above). Original provider-reported country/economy series; unchanged historical boundaries are not asserted. Checked original WDI publication and metadata, not independent corroboration. ↩
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Countries & territories

Same-year values. Equal values share a rank.

Sources & method

Ranks cover available countries and territories, using the same indicator, source unit and reference year. Unrounded source values determine ties. Coverage is not a sovereign-country or complete global ranking; national definitions may differ. Missing values and other years are excluded. The information icon preserves the original number, unit and evidence.

RankCountry or territoryValue
Source information