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East Asia & Pacific / SGP

Singapore

Singapore flag
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2021 Factbook flag mirror; image identity has not been individually audited. Source.

Last updated: October 29, 2026

World Bank directory: capital Singapore · 1.28941°, 103.85° · sourceRetrieved 2026-10-29 · single source, unverified; directory metadata may be stale.
Singapore: CIA World Factbook map from 2021; original boundary notes preserved.
ⓘCIA World Factbook map, February 2021 media edition. Identity reviewed; current boundaries have not been audited. visual contact sheet or original identity check; does not verify current boundaries Boundaries, place names and designations may be dated or disputed; original annotations retained. SHA-256: 30e4340f5921a2ed76e81860ab6e222f7aa056e3b2e89185835c360ef2f3cc72. Provenance and inspection record.

Introduction

Background:1

A Malay trading port known as Temasek existed on the island of Singapore by the 14th century. The settlement changed hands several times in the ensuing centuries and was eventually burned in the 17th century, falling into obscurity. In 1819, the British founded modern Singapore as a trading colony on the same site and granted it full internal self-government for all matters except defense and foreign affairs in 1959. Singapore joined the Malaysian Federation in 1963 but was ousted two years later and became independent. Singapore subsequently became one of the world's most prosperous countries, with strong international trading links and per capita GDP among the highest globally. The People’s Action Party has won every general election in Singapore since the end of the British colonial era, aided by its success in delivering consistent economic growth, as well as the city-state's fragmented opposition and electoral procedures that strongly favor the ruling party.

Geography

Location:2

Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia

Geographic coordinates:3

1 22 N, 103 48 E

Map references:4

Southeast Asia

Area:5

Surface area: 735.6 square kilometers (2024)

total:719 sq km
land:709.2 sq km
water:10 sq km

Area - comparative:7

slightly more than 3.5 times the size of Washington, D.C.

Land boundaries:8

total:0 km

Coastline:9

193 km

Maritime claims:10

territorial sea:3 nm
exclusive fishing zone:within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice

Climate:11

tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - northeastern monsoon (December to March) and southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms

Terrain:12

lowlying, gently undulating central plateau

Elevation:13

highest point:Bukit Timah 166 m
lowest point:Singapore Strait 0 m

Natural resources:14

fish, deepwater ports

Land use:15

agricultural land:0.9% (2022 est.)
arable land:0.8% (2022 est.)
permanent crops:0.1% (2022 est.)
permanent pasture:0% (2022 est.)
forest:21.2% (2022 est.)
other:77.9% (2022 est.)

Irrigated land:16

0 sq km (2022)

Population distribution:17

most of the urbanization is along the southern coast, with relatively dense population clusters found in the central areas

Natural hazards:18

flash floods

Geography - note:19

focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes; consists of about 60 islands, the largest of which by far is Pulau Ujong; land reclamation has removed many former islands and created a number of new ones

People and Society

Population:20

Population: 6,111,175 people (2025)

total:6,028,459 (2024 est.)
male:3,013,630
female:3,014,829

Nationality:22

noun:Singaporean(s)
adjective:Singapore

Ethnic groups:23

Chinese 74.2%, Malay 13.7%, Indian 8.9%, other 3.2% (2021 est.)

note:data represent population by self-identification; the population is divided into four categories: Chinese, Malay (includes indigenous Malays and Indonesians), Indian (includes Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, or Sri Lankan), and other ethnic groups (includes Eurasians, Caucasians, Japanese, Filipino, Vietnamese)

Languages:24

English (official) 48.3%, Mandarin (official) 29.9%, other Chinese dialects (includes Hokkien, Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka) 8.7%, Malay (official) 9.2%, Tamil (official) 2.5%, other 1.4% (2020 est.)

major-language sample(s)
major-language sample(s):The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)
major-language sample(s):世界概況 – 不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Mandarin)
note:data represent language most frequently spoken at home

Religions:25

Buddhist 31.1%, Christian 18.9%, Muslim 15.6%, Taoist 8.8%, Hindu 5%, other 0.6%, none 20% (2020 est.)

Age structure:26

0-14 years:14.6% (male 455,536/female 424,969)
15-64 years:71.1% (male 2,157,441/female 2,126,799)
65 years and over:14.3% (2024 est.) (male 400,653/female 463,061)

Dependency ratios:27

total dependency ratio:40.7 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio:20.6 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio:20.2 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio:5 (2024 est.)

Median age:28

total:39.4 years (2024 est.)
male:38 years
female:40.6 years

Population growth rate:29

Population growth rate: 1.22 % annually (2025)

0.87% (2024 est.)

Birth rate:31

Crude birth rate: 7.4 births per 1,000 people (2024)

8.8 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate:33

Crude death rate: 6 deaths per 1,000 people (2024)

4.3 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate:35

4.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution:36

most of the urbanization is along the southern coast, with relatively dense population clusters found in the central areas

Urbanization:37

Urban population: 100 % of population (2025)

urban population:100% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas - population:39

6.081 million SINGAPORE (capital) (2023)

Sex ratio:40

at birth:1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years:1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years:1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.87 male(s)/female
total population:1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth:41

30.5 years (2015 est.)

note:data represents median age

Maternal mortality ratio:42

Maternal mortality ratio: 6 deaths per 100,000 live births (2023)

6 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Infant mortality rate:44

Infant mortality rate: 2.2 deaths per 1,000 live births (2024)

total:1.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
male:1.7 deaths/1,000 live births
female:1.4 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth:46

Life expectancy at birth: 83.35 years (2024)

total population:86.7 years (2024 est.)
male:84 years
female:89.5 years

Total fertility rate:48

Total fertility rate: 0.97 births per woman (2024)

1.17 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Gross reproduction rate:50

0.57 (2024 est.)

Drinking water source:51

At least basic drinking water services: 100 % of population (2024)

improved
urban:100% of population (2022 est.)
total:100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved
urban:0% of population (2022 est.)
total:0% of population (2022 est.)

Health expenditure:53

Current health expenditure: 4.49 % of GDP (2023)

Health expenditure (as % of GDP):5.6% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget):18.1% of national budget (2022 est.)

Physician density:55

Physicians: 2.83 per 1,000 people (2022)

2.83 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Hospital bed density:57

2.6 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Sanitation facility access:58

At least basic sanitation services: 100 % of population (2024)

improved
urban:100% of population (2022 est.)
total:100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved
urban:0% of population (2022 est.)
total:0% of population (2022 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate:60

6.1% (2016)

Alcohol consumption per capita:61

total:1.81 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer:1.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine:0.27 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits:0.24 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols:0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use:62

total:16.2% (2025 est.)
male:27.6% (2025 est.)
female:3.8% (2025 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49):63

54.3% (2023 est.)

Child marriage:64

women married by age 15:0% (2023)
women married by age 18:0.1% (2023)

Education expenditure:65

Government education expenditure: 2.19 % of GDP (2024)

Education expenditure (% GDP):2.2% of GDP (2024 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget):10.8% national budget (2023 est.)

Literacy:67

Adult literacy rate: 97.65 % of people aged 15 and over (2021)

total population:98% (2021 est.)
male:99% (2021 est.)
female:96% (2021 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):69

total:17 years (2022 est.)
male:17 years (2022 est.)
female:17 years (2022 est.)

Environment

Environmental issues:70

water pollution; industrial pollution; limited freshwater resources; waste disposal problems from limited land availability; air pollution; deforestation; seasonal smoke/haze from forest fires in Indonesia

International environmental agreements:71

party to:Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified:none of the selected agreements

Climate:72

tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - northeastern monsoon (December to March) and southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms

Land use:73

agricultural land:0.9% (2022 est.)
arable land:0.8% (2022 est.)
permanent crops:0.1% (2022 est.)
permanent pasture:0% (2022 est.)
forest:21.2% (2022 est.)
other:77.9% (2022 est.)

Urbanization:74

urban population:100% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions:75

total emissions:238.962 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke:2.338 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids:210.859 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas:25.765 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions:76

10 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Waste and recycling:77

municipal solid waste generated annually:1.87 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled:51.7% (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal:78

municipal:198.207 million cubic meters (2022)
industrial:162.624 million cubic meters (2022)
agricultural:0 cubic meters (2022)

Total renewable water resources:79

600 million cubic meters (2022)

Government

Country name:80

conventional long form:Republic of Singapore
conventional short form:Singapore
local long form:Republic of Singapore
local short form:Singapore
etymology:name derives from the Sanskrit words simha (lion) and pur (city); according to Malayan folklore, an Indian prince visited Singapore in the 7th century and mistook the first animal he saw for a lion, which is not native to the country

Government type:81

parliamentary republic

Capital:82

name:Singapore
geographic coordinates:1 17 N, 103 51 E
time difference:UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology:name derives from the Sanskrit words simha (lion) and pur (city); according to Malayan folklore, an Indian prince visited Singapore in the 7th century and mistook the first animal he saw for a lion, which is not native to the country

Administrative divisions:83

no first-order administrative divisions; five community development councils: Central Singapore Development Council, North East Development Council, North West Development Council, South East Development Council, South West Development Council (2019)

Legal system:84

English common law

Constitution:85

history:several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1965
amendment process:proposed by Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote in the second and third readings by the elected Parliament membership and assent of the president of the republic; passage of amendments affecting sovereignty or control of the Police Force or the Armed Forces requires at least two-thirds majority vote in a referendum

International law organization participation:86

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship:87

citizenship by birth:no
citizenship by descent only:at least one parent must be a citizen of Singapore
dual citizenship recognized:no
residency requirement for naturalization:10 years

Suffrage:88

21 years of age; universal and compulsory

Executive branch:89

chief of state:President THARMAN Shanmugaratnam (since 14 September 2023)
head of government:Prime Minister Lawrence WONG (since 15 May 2024)
cabinet:Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister; responsible to Parliament
election/appointment process:president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 6-year term (no term limits); following legislative elections, the president appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister; deputy prime ministers also appointed by the president
most recent election date:1 September 2023
election results
election results:2023: THARMAN Shanmugaratnam elected president; percent of vote - THARMAN Shanmugaratnam (independent) 70.4%, NG Kok Song (independent) 15.7%, TAN Kin Lian (independent) 13.9%
election results:2017 : HALIMAH Yacob declared president on 13 September 2017, being the only eligible candidate
expected date of next election:2029

Legislative branch:90

legislature name:Parliament
legislative structure:unicameral
number of seats:108 (97 directly elected; 9 appointed)
electoral system:plurality/majority
scope of elections:full renewal
term in office:5 years
most recent election date:5/3/2025
parties elected and seats per party:People's Action Party (PAP) (87); Workers' Party (WPS) (12)
percentage of women in chamber:32.3%
expected date of next election:May 2030

Judicial branch:91

highest court(s):Supreme Court (number of judges varies but includes judicial commissioners, judges of appeal, and international judges); the court is organized into an upper-tier Appeal Court and a lower-tier High Court
judge selection and term of office:judges appointed by the president from candidates recommended by the prime minister after consultation with the chief justice; judges usually serve until retirement at age 65, but terms can be extended
subordinate courts:district, magistrates', juvenile, family, community, and coroners' courts; small claims tribunals; employment claims tribunals

Political parties:92

People's Action Party or PAP

Progress Singapore Party or PSP

Workers' Party or WP

note:the PAP has won every general election since the end of the British colonial era in 1959

Diplomatic representation in the US:93

chief of mission:Ambassador LUI Tuck Yew (since 30 June 2023)
chancery:3501 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:[1] (202) 537-3100
FAX:[1] (202) 537-0876
email address and website
email address and website:singemb_was@mfa.sg
email address and website:https://www.mfa.gov.sg/washington/
consulate(s) general:San Francisco
consulate(s):New York

Diplomatic representation from the US:94

chief of mission:Ambassador Anjani K. SINHA (since November 2025)
embassy:27 Napier Road, Singapore 258508
mailing address:4280 Singapore Place, Washington DC 20521-4280
telephone:[65] 6476-9100
FAX:[65] 6476-9340
email address and website
email address and website:singaporeusembassy@state.gov
email address and website:https://sg.usembassy.gov/

International organization participation:95

ADB, AOSIS, APEC, Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN, BIS, C, CP, EAS, FAO, FATF, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNOOSA, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Independence:96

9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation)

National holiday:97

National Day, 9 August (1965)

Flag:98

description:two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; a vertical white crescent is on the left side of the red band, with a circle of five five-pointed white stars to the right of the crescent
meaning:red stands for brotherhood and equality, and white for purity and virtue; the waxing crescent moon symbolizes a young nation on the ascendancy; the stars represent the national ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice, and equality

National symbol(s):99

lion, merlion (mythical half-lion, half-fish creature), orchid

National color(s):100

red, white

National anthem(s):101

title:"Majulah Singapura" (Onward, Singapore)
lyrics/music:Zubir SAID
history:adopted 1959; the anthem is sung only in Malay; first four lines of the melody are used as a presidential salute

National heritage:102

total World Heritage Sites:1 (cultural)
selected World Heritage Site locales:Singapore Botanic Gardens

Economy

Economic overview:103

high-income, service-based economy; global financial hub; business-friendly policies and open to investment and trade; inflation easing but persistent in services; public investments in education, healthcare, and infrastructure; strong human capital development challenged by aging population

Real GDP (purchasing power parity):104

$800.304 billion (2024 est.)

$766.662 billion (2023 est.)

$752.948 billion (2022 est.)

note:data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP growth rate:105

4.4% (2024 est.)

1.8% (2023 est.)

4.1% (2022 est.)

note:annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per capita:106

$132,600 (2024 est.)

$129,600 (2023 est.)

$133,600 (2022 est.)

note:data in 2021 dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):107

GDP: 603,869,516,998.74 current US dollars (2025)

$547.387 billion (2024 est.)

note:data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Inflation rate (consumer prices):109

2.4% (2024 est.)

4.8% (2023 est.)

6.1% (2022 est.)

note:annual % change based on consumer prices

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:110

agriculture:0% (2024 est.)
industry:21.4% (2024 est.)
services:73% (2024 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

GDP - composition, by end use:111

household consumption:31.5% (2024 est.)
government consumption:10.6% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital:21.9% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories:0.3% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services:178.8% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services:-143.6% (2024 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Agricultural products:112

chicken, eggs, vegetables, pork, duck, spinach, lettuce, pork offal, cabbages, pork fat (2023)

note:top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries:113

electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, biomedical products, scientific instruments, telecommunication equipment, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore platform construction, entrepot trade

Industrial production growth rate:114

4.2% (2024 est.)

note:annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force:115

3.722 million (2024 est.)

note:number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate:116

3.2% (2024 est.)

3.5% (2023 est.)

3.6% (2022 est.)

note:% of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24):117

total:7.8% (2024 est.)
male:5.6% (2024 est.)
female:10.8% (2024 est.)
note:% of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income:118

45.8 (2016)

Average household expenditures:119

on food:7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco:1.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Remittances:120

0% of GDP (2023 est.)

0% of GDP (2022 est.)

0% of GDP (2021 est.)

note:personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Budget:121

revenues:$80.836 billion (2022 est.)
expenditures:$73.144 billion (2022 est.)
note:central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Public debt:122

175.6% of GDP (2023 est.)

note:central government debt as a % of GDP

Taxes and other revenues:123

13.9% (of GDP) (2023 est.)

note:central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Current account balance:124

$96.015 billion (2024 est.)

$89.403 billion (2023 est.)

$93.771 billion (2022 est.)

note:balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exports:125

$978.597 billion (2024 est.)

$917.683 billion (2023 est.)

$947.355 billion (2022 est.)

note:balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - partners:126

Hong Kong 13%, China 11%, USA 10%, Malaysia 9%, S. Korea 6% (2023)

note:top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Exports - commodities:127

integrated circuits, refined petroleum, machinery, vaccines, gold (2023)

note:top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports:128

$786.02 billion (2024 est.)

$728.5 billion (2023 est.)

$744.364 billion (2022 est.)

note:balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - partners:129

China 15%, Malaysia 11%, Taiwan 11%, USA 10%, S. Korea 6% (2023)

note:top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Imports - commodities:130

integrated circuits, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, gold, gas turbines (2023)

note:top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:131

$383.946 billion (2024 est.)

$359.835 billion (2023 est.)

$296.629 billion (2022 est.)

note:holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Exchange rates:132

Currency:Singapore dollars (SGD) per US dollar -

1.336 (2024 est.)

1.343 (2023 est.)

1.379 (2022 est.)

1.343 (2021 est.)

1.38 (2020 est.)

Energy

Electricity access:133

electrification - total population:100% (2022 est.)

Electricity:134

installed generating capacity:13.134 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption:56.672 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses:169.447 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources:135

fossil fuels:94.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar:2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste:3.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Coal:136

consumption:1.153 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports:97 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports:1.326 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum:137

refined petroleum consumption:1.514 million bbl/day (2023 est.)

Natural gas:138

consumption:13.134 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
exports:399.452 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports:13.973 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita:139

Total energy consumption per capita 2023:643.259 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Communications

Telephones - fixed lines:140

total subscriptions:1.912 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:33 (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular:141

total subscriptions:9.65 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:156 (2022 est.)

Broadcast media:142

state-controlled broadcast media; 6 domestic TV stations operated by state-owned MediaCorp; broadcasts from Malaysian and Indonesian stations available; satellite dishes banned; multi-channel cable TV services available; 19 domestic radio stations, including 11 for MediaCorp, 5 for state-linked Singapore Press Holdings, 2 for Singapore Armed Forces Reservists Association, and 1 for BBC Radio; Malaysian and Indonesian radio stations available (2019)

Internet country code:143

.sg

Internet users:144

percent of population:94% (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions:145

total:1.57 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:27 (2023 est.)

Transportation

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix:146

9V

Airports:147

9 (2025)

Heliports:148

1 (2025)

Merchant marine:149

total:3,202 (2023)
by type:bulk carrier 591, container ship 604, general cargo 107, oil tanker 600, other 1,300

Ports:150

total ports:5 (2024)
large:2
medium:1
small:1
very small:1
ports with oil terminals:3
key ports:Jurong Island, Keppel - (East Singapore), Pulau Bukom, Pulau Sebarok

Military and Security

Military and security forces:151

Singapore Armed Forces (SAF; aka Singapore Defense Force): Singapore Army, Republic of Singapore Navy, Republic of Singapore Air Force (includes air defense), Digital and Intelligence Service

Ministry of Home Affairs: Singapore Police Force (SPF; includes Police Coast Guard and the Gurkha Contingent) (2025)

note 1:the Gurkha Contingent of the Singapore Police Force (GCSPF) is a paramilitary unit for riot control and acts as a rapid reaction force
note 2:the Navy includes the multi-agency standing Maritime Security Task Force (MSTF), which assists the Police Coast Guard in conducting maritime security operations

Military expenditures:152

3% of GDP (2024 est.)

3% of GDP (2023 est.)

3% of GDP (2022 est.)

3% of GDP (2021 est.)

3% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military and security service personnel strengths:153

information varies; approximately 55,000 active-duty Armed Forces (40,000 Army; 7,000 Navy; 8,000 Air Force) (2025)

note:the Army is comprised mostly of conscripts and reservists with a small core of professional soldiers, while the Air Force and Navy are staffed mainly by professional personnel

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions:154

the SAF has a diverse and largely modern mix of domestically produced and imported Western weapons systems; in recent years, France, Germany, and the US have been among the top suppliers of arms; Singapore has the most developed arms industry in Southeast Asia and is also its largest importer of weapons (2024)

Military service age and obligation:155

18-21 years of age for compulsory military service for men; 16.5 years of age for voluntary enlistment (with parental consent); 24-month conscript service obligation, with a reserve obligation to age 40 (enlisted) or age 50 (officers); women are not conscripted, but they are allowed to volunteer for all services and branches, including combat arms (2025)

note 1:all male Singaporean citizens and permanent residents, unless exempted, are required to enter National Service (NS) upon attaining the age of 18; most NS conscripts serve in the Armed Forces, but some go into the Police Force or Civil Defense Force; conscripts comprise over half of the defense establishment
note 2:as of 2022, women made up about 8% of the regular force
note 3:the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) also has a uniformed volunteer auxiliary branch known as the Volunteer Corps (SAFVC); the SAFVC allows citizens and residents not subject to the National Service obligation, including Singaporean women, first generation permanent residents, and naturalized citizens, to contribute towards Singapore's defense; the volunteers must be 18-45 and physically fit
note 4:members of the Gurkha Contingent (GC) of the Singapore Police Force are mostly recruited from a small number of hill tribes in Nepal; the GC was formed in 1949 originally from selected ex-British Army Gurkhas

Military deployments:156

maintains permanent training detachments of military personnel in Australia, France, and the US (2025)

Military - note:157

the SAF’s primary responsibility is external defense, particularly maritime security, but it also trains for certain domestic security operations, including joint deterrence patrols with police in instances of heightened terrorism alerts; the Army includes a “people’s defense force,” which is a divisional headquarters responsible for homeland security and counterterrorism; the SAF regularly participates in bilateral and multilateral training exercises

Singapore is a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; there is no specific obligation to intervene militarily; Singapore also has close security ties with the US, including granting the US military access, basing, and overflight privileges

the SAF's roots go back to 1854 when the Singapore Volunteer Rifle Corps was formed under colonial rule; the first battalion of regular soldiers, the First Singapore Infantry Regiment, was organized in 1957; the modern SAF was established in 1965 (2025)

Transnational Issues

Refugees and internally displaced persons:158

stateless persons:1,109 (2024 est.)

Additional observations

Real GDP growth159
5.03 % annual change (2025)
Consumer price inflation160
0.9 % annual change (2025)
Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate)161
2.82 % of labor force (2025)
Access to electricity162
100 % of population (2024)
Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption163
1.1 % (2021)
Individuals using the internet164
94.38 % of population (2024)

Historical observations

Notes & sources

  1. Background. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  2. Location. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  3. Geographic coordinates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  4. Map references. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  5. Area. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. The archived total area has no reference year and territorial coverage may differ from World Bank surface area. World Bank: 735.6 square kilometers (2024). Reference: 719 square kilometers. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  6. Surface area. Surface area: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. The archived total area has no reference year and territorial coverage may differ from World Bank surface area. World Bank: 735.6 square kilometers (2024). Reference: 719 square kilometers. ↩
  7. Area - comparative. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  8. Land boundaries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  9. Coastline. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  10. Maritime claims. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  11. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  12. Terrain. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  13. Elevation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  14. Natural resources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  15. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  16. Irrigated land. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  17. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  18. Natural hazards. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  19. Geography - note. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  20. Population. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 6,111,175 people (2025). Reference: 6,028,459 people (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  21. Population. Population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 6,111,175 people (2025). Reference: 6,028,459 people (2024). ↩
  22. Nationality. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  23. Ethnic groups. Reference edition; observation: 2021 est.. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  24. Languages. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  25. Religions. Reference edition; observation: 2020 est.. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  26. Age structure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  27. Dependency ratios. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  28. Median age. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  29. Population growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  30. Population growth rate. Population growth rate: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  31. Birth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  32. Crude birth rate. Crude birth rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  33. Death rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  34. Crude death rate. Crude death rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  35. Net migration rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  36. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  37. Urbanization. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  38. Urban population. Urban population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  39. Major urban areas - population. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  40. Sex ratio. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  41. Mother's mean age at first birth. Reference edition; observation: 2015. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  42. Maternal mortality ratio. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  43. Maternal mortality ratio. Maternal mortality ratio: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  44. Infant mortality rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  45. Infant mortality rate. Infant mortality rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  46. Life expectancy at birth. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  47. Life expectancy at birth. Life expectancy at birth: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  48. Total fertility rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  49. Total fertility rate. Total fertility rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  50. Gross reproduction rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  51. Drinking water source. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  52. At least basic drinking water services. At least basic drinking water services: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. This separately sourced basic-service observation is shown alongside the reference edition’s improved/unimproved categories. It does not replace those category totals. ↩
  53. Health expenditure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  54. Current health expenditure. Current health expenditure: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  55. Physician density. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  56. Physicians. Physicians: observation 2022; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  57. Hospital bed density. Reference edition; observation: 2021. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  58. Sanitation facility access. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  59. At least basic sanitation services. At least basic sanitation services: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. This separately sourced basic-service observation is shown alongside the reference edition’s improved/unimproved categories. It does not replace those category totals. ↩
  60. Obesity - adult prevalence rate. Reference edition; observation: 2016. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  61. Alcohol consumption per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  62. Tobacco use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  63. Currently married women (ages 15-49). Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  64. Child marriage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  65. Education expenditure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  66. Government education expenditure. Government education expenditure: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  67. Literacy. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  68. Adult literacy rate. Adult literacy rate: observation 2021; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  69. School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  70. Environmental issues. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  71. International environmental agreements. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  72. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  73. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  74. Urbanization. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  75. Carbon dioxide emissions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  76. Particulate matter emissions. Reference edition; observation: 2019. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  77. Waste and recycling. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  78. Total water withdrawal. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  79. Total renewable water resources. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  80. Country name. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  81. Government type. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  82. Capital. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  83. Administrative divisions. Reference edition; observation: 2019. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  84. Legal system. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  85. Constitution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  86. International law organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  87. Citizenship. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  88. Suffrage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  89. Executive branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  90. Legislative branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  91. Judicial branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  92. Political parties. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  93. Diplomatic representation in the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  94. Diplomatic representation from the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  95. International organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  96. Independence. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  97. National holiday. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  98. Flag. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  99. National symbol(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  100. National color(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  101. National anthem(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  102. National heritage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  103. Economic overview. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  104. Real GDP (purchasing power parity). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  105. Real GDP growth rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  106. Real GDP per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  107. GDP (official exchange rate). Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 603,869,516,998.74 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 547,387,000,000 current US dollars (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  108. GDP. GDP: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 603,869,516,998.74 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 547,387,000,000 current US dollars (2024). ↩
  109. Inflation rate (consumer prices). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  110. GDP - composition, by sector of origin. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  111. GDP - composition, by end use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  112. Agricultural products. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  113. Industries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  114. Industrial production growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  115. Labor force. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  116. Unemployment rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  117. Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  118. Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  119. Average household expenditures. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  120. Remittances. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  121. Budget. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  122. Public debt. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  123. Taxes and other revenues. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  124. Current account balance. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  125. Exports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  126. Exports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  127. Exports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  128. Imports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  129. Imports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  130. Imports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  131. Reserves of foreign exchange and gold. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  132. Exchange rates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  133. Electricity access. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  134. Electricity. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  135. Electricity generation sources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  136. Coal. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  137. Petroleum. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  138. Natural gas. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  139. Energy consumption per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  140. Telephones - fixed lines. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  141. Telephones - mobile cellular. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  142. Broadcast media. Reference edition; observation: 2019. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  143. Internet country code. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  144. Internet users. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  145. Broadband - fixed subscriptions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  146. Civil aircraft registration country code prefix. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  147. Airports. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  148. Heliports. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  149. Merchant marine. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  150. Ports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  151. Military and security forces. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  152. Military expenditures. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  153. Military and security service personnel strengths. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  154. Military equipment inventories and acquisitions. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  155. Military service age and obligation. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  156. Military deployments. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  157. Military - note. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  158. Refugees and internally displaced persons. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-11-25 14:07:50 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  159. Real GDP growth. Real GDP growth: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator denotes the percentage change over each previous year of the constant price (base year 2015) series in United States dollars. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?format=json ↩
  160. Consumer price inflation. Consumer price inflation: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?format=json ↩
  161. Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate). Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate): observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. The ILO modeled estimate is not necessarily directly comparable with national unemployment measures. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?format=json ↩
  162. Access to electricity. Access to electricity: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electricity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys and international sources. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS?format=json ↩
  163. Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption. Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption: observation 2021; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Renewable energy consumption is the share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS?format=json ↩
  164. Individuals using the internet. Individuals using the internet: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Internet users are individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?format=json ↩
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Countries & territories

Same-year values. Equal values share a rank.

Sources & method

Ranks cover available countries and territories, using the same indicator, source unit and reference year. Unrounded source values determine ties. Coverage is not a sovereign-country or complete global ranking; national definitions may differ. Missing values and other years are excluded. The information icon preserves the original number, unit and evidence.

RankCountry or territoryValue
Source information