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Latin America & Caribbean / PER

Peru

Peru flag
ⓘ

2021 Factbook flag mirror; image identity has not been individually audited. Source.

Last updated: October 29, 2026

World Bank directory: capital Lima · -12.0931°, -77.0465° · sourceRetrieved 2026-10-29 · single source, unverified; directory metadata may be stale.
Peru: CIA World Factbook map from 2021; original boundary notes preserved.
ⓘCIA World Factbook map, February 2021 media edition. Identity reviewed; current boundaries have not been audited. visual contact sheet or original identity check; does not verify current boundaries Boundaries, place names and designations may be dated or disputed; original annotations retained. SHA-256: 75af07ba5266d8f925ce879585cd6a2f720b158b65ff1bdbd67df89edba0f77b. Provenance and inspection record.

Introduction

Background:1

Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose empire was captured by Spanish conquistadors in 1533. Peru declared its independence in 1821, and remaining Spanish forces were defeated in 1824. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980 but experienced economic problems and the growth of a violent insurgency. President Alberto FUJIMORI's election in 1990 ushered in a decade that saw a dramatic turnaround in the economy and significant progress in curtailing guerrilla activity. Nevertheless, an economic slump and the president's increasing reliance on authoritarian measures in the late 1990s generated mounting dissatisfaction with his regime, which led to his resignation in 2000.

A caretaker government oversaw a new election in 2001 that installed Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique as the new head of government - Peru's first democratically elected president of indigenous ethnicity. The presidential election of 2006 saw the return of Alan GARCIA Perez who, after a disappointing presidential term from 1985 to 1990, presided over a robust economic rebound. Former army officer Ollanta HUMALA Tasso was elected president in 2011 and carried on the market-oriented economic policies of the three preceding administrations. Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard won a very narrow runoff in the 2016 presidential election. Facing impeachment after evidence surfaced of his involvement in a vote-buying scandal, KUCZYNSKI offered his resignation in 2018, and First Vice President Martin Alberto VIZCARRA Cornejo was sworn in as president. In 2019, VIZCARRA invoked his constitutional authority to dissolve Peru's Congress after months of battling with the body over anticorruption reforms. New congressional elections in 2020 resulted in an opposition-led legislature. The Congress impeached VIZCARRA for a second time and removed him from office after accusations of corruption and mishandling of the COVID-19 pandemic. Because of vacancies in the vice-presidential positions, the President of the Peruvian Congress, Manuel MERINO, became the next president. His ascension to office was not well received, and large protests forced his resignation later in 2020. Francisco SAGASTI assumed the position of President of Peru after being appointed President of the Congress the previous day. Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones won presidential election in 2021 but was impeached and ousted the following year; his vice president, Dina BOLUARTE, assumed the presidency by constitutional succession in 2022.

Geography

Location:2

Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador

Geographic coordinates:3

10 00 S, 76 00 W

Map references:4

South America

Area:5

Surface area: 1,285,215.6 square kilometers (2024)

total:1,285,216 sq km
land:1,279,996 sq km
water:5,220 sq km

Area - comparative:7

almost twice the size of Texas; slightly smaller than Alaska

Land boundaries:8

total:7,062 km
border countries (5):Bolivia 1,212 km; Brazil 2,659 km; Chile 168 km; Colombia 1,494 km; Ecuador 1,529 km

Coastline:9

2,414 km

Maritime claims:10

territorial sea:200 nm; note: the US does not recognize this claim
exclusive economic zone:200 nm
continental shelf:200 nm

Climate:11

varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes

Terrain:12

western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)

Elevation:13

highest point:Nevado Huascaran 6,746 m
lowest point:Pacific Ocean 0 m
mean elevation:1,555 m

Natural resources:14

copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower, natural gas

Land use:15

agricultural land:19.1% (2023 est.)
arable land:3.1% (2023 est.)
permanent crops:1.8% (2023 est.)
permanent pasture:14.2% (2023 est.)
forest:52.9% (2023 est.)
other:28% (2023 est.)

Irrigated land:16

25,800 sq km (2012)

Major lakes (area sq km):17

fresh water lake(s):Lago Titicaca (shared with Bolivia) - 8,030 sq km

Major rivers (by length in km):18

Amazon river source (shared with Brazil [m]) - 6,400 km

note:[s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Major watersheds (area sq km):19

Atlantic Ocean drainage:Amazon (6,145,186 sq km)

Major aquifers:20

Amazon Basin

Population distribution:21

approximately one third of the population resides along the desert coastal belt in the west, with a strong focus on the capital city of Lima; the Andean highlands, or sierra, contain roughly half of the population; the eastern slopes of the Andes and adjoining rainforest are sparsely populated

Natural hazards:22

earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity

volcanism:volcanic activity in the Andes Mountains; Ubinas (5,672 m) is the country's most active volcano; other historically active volcanoes include El Misti, Huaynaputina, Sabancaya, and Yucamane; see note 2 under "Geography - note"

Geography - note:23

note 1:shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia; a remote slope of Nevado Mismi, a 5,316-m (17,441-ft) peak, is the ultimate source of the Amazon River
note 2:Peru is one of the countries along the Ring of Fire, which is a belt bordering the Pacific Ocean that contains about 75% of the world's volcanoes and up to 90% of the world's earthquakes
note 3:on 19 February 1600, Mount Huaynaputina in the southern Peruvian Andes erupted in the largest volcanic explosion in South America in historical times; intermittent eruptions lasted until 5 March 1600 and pumped an estimated 16 to 32 million metric tons of particulates into the atmosphere, reducing the amount of sunlight reaching the earth's surface and affecting weather worldwide; over the next two-and-a-half years, millions died around the globe in famines from bitterly cold winters, cool summers, and the loss of crops and animals

People and Society

Population:24

Population: 34,576,665 people (2025)

total:32,600,249 (2024 est.)
male:15,952,556
female:16,647,693

Nationality:26

noun:Peruvian(s)
adjective:Peruvian

Ethnic groups:27

Mestizo (mixed Indigenous and White) 60.2%, Indigenous 25.8%, White 5.9%, African descent 3.6%, other (includes Chinese and Japanese descent) 1.2%, unspecified 3.3% (2017 est.)

Languages:28

Spanish (official) 82.9%, Quechua (official) 13.6%, Aymara (official) 1.6%, Ashaninka 0.3%, other native languages (includes many minor Amazonian languages) 0.8%, other 0.2%, none 0.1%, unspecified 0.7% (2017 est.)

major-language sample(s)

La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions:29

Catholic 76%, Evangelical Christian 15.7%, no religion 5.1%, other religions 3.2% (2023 est.)

Age structure:30

0-14 years:25.8% (male 4,293,229/female 4,119,269)
15-64 years:66.2% (male 10,546,502/female 11,041,106)
65 years and over:8% (2024 est.) (male 1,112,825/female 1,487,318)

Dependency ratios:31

total dependency ratio:51 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio:39 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio:12 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio:8.3 (2024 est.)

Median age:32

total:30.2 years (2024 est.)
male:29.1 years
female:31.3 years

Population growth rate:33

Population growth rate: 1.04 % annually (2025)

0.48% (2024 est.)

Birth rate:35

Crude birth rate: 15.75 births per 1,000 people (2024)

16.7 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate:37

Crude death rate: 5.6 deaths per 1,000 people (2024)

10.9 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate:39

-1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution:40

approximately one third of the population resides along the desert coastal belt in the west, with a strong focus on the capital city of Lima; the Andean highlands, or sierra, contain roughly half of the population; the eastern slopes of the Andes and adjoining rainforest are sparsely populated

Urbanization:41

Urban population: 85.6 % of population (2025)

urban population:78.9% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:1.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas - population:43

11.204 million LIMA (capital), 959,000 Arequipa, 904,000 Trujillo (2023)

Sex ratio:44

at birth:1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years:1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years:0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.75 male(s)/female
total population:0.96 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth:45

21.9 years (2013 est.)

note:data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

Maternal mortality ratio:46

Maternal mortality ratio: 51 deaths per 100,000 live births (2023)

51 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Infant mortality rate:48

Infant mortality rate: 11 deaths per 1,000 live births (2024)

total:10.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
male:11.9 deaths/1,000 live births
female:9.7 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth:50

Life expectancy at birth: 77.94 years (2024)

total population:68.9 years (2024 est.)
male:65.4 years
female:72.7 years

Total fertility rate:52

Total fertility rate: 1.97 births per woman (2024)

2.15 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Gross reproduction rate:54

1.05 (2024 est.)

Drinking water source:55

At least basic drinking water services: 95.64 % of population (2024)

improved
urban:97.5% of population (2022 est.)
rural:84.9% of population (2022 est.)
total:94.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved
urban:2.5% of population (2022 est.)
rural:15.1% of population (2022 est.)
total:5.2% of population (2022 est.)

Health expenditure:57

Current health expenditure: 5.64 % of GDP (2023)

Health expenditure (as % of GDP):6.2% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget):16.7% of national budget (2022 est.)

Physician density:59

Physicians: 1.69 per 1,000 people (2023)

1.69 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Hospital bed density:61

1.6 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Sanitation facility access:62

At least basic sanitation services: 78.77 % of population (2024)

improved
urban:94.1% of population (2022 est.)
rural:65.9% of population (2022 est.)
total:88.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved
urban:5.9% of population (2022 est.)
rural:34.1% of population (2022 est.)
total:11.9% of population (2022 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate:64

19.7% (2016)

Alcohol consumption per capita:65

total:5.74 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer:3.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine:0.46 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits:2.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols:0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use:66

total:5.7% (2025 est.)
male:9.5% (2025 est.)
female:2.1% (2025 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight:67

2.7% (2023 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49):68

51.2% (2023 est.)

Child marriage:69

women married by age 15:2% (2020)
women married by age 18:14.1% (2020)

Education expenditure:70

Government education expenditure: 4.36 % of GDP (2024)

Education expenditure (% GDP):4.2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget):19.2% national budget (2024 est.)

Literacy:72

Adult literacy rate: 93.66 % of people aged 15 and over (2024)

total population:93.7% (2024 est.)
male:97% (2024 est.)
female:90.7% (2024 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):74

total:15 years (2017 est.)
male:15 years (2017 est.)
female:15 years (2017 est.)

Environment

Environmental issues:75

deforestation (some the result of illegal logging); overgrazing leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes; overfishing

International environmental agreements:76

party to:Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified:none of the selected agreements

Climate:77

varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes

Land use:78

agricultural land:19.1% (2023 est.)
arable land:3.1% (2023 est.)
permanent crops:1.8% (2023 est.)
permanent pasture:14.2% (2023 est.)
forest:52.9% (2023 est.)
other:28% (2023 est.)

Urbanization:79

urban population:78.9% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:1.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions:80

total emissions:58.903 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke:2.177 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids:34.863 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas:21.863 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions:81

31.7 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Methane emissions:82

energy:233.6 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture:623.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste:317 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other:51.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Waste and recycling:83

municipal solid waste generated annually:8.357 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled:9.2% (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal:84

municipal:3.141 billion cubic meters (2022)
industrial:1.666 billion cubic meters (2022)
agricultural:21.112 billion cubic meters (2022)

Total renewable water resources:85

1.88 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Geoparks:86

total global geoparks and regional networks:1
global geoparks and regional networks:Colca y Volcanes de Andagua (2023)

Government

Country name:87

conventional long form:Republic of Peru
conventional short form:Peru
local long form:República del Perú
local short form:Perú
etymology:the name may derive from the Guarani word biru, meaning "river"

Government type:88

presidential republic

Capital:89

name:Lima
geographic coordinates:12 03 S, 77 03 W
time difference:UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology:the name is an early Spanish mispronunciation of the Quechua name Rimak , referring to a god and deriving from the word rima (to speak); Quechua priests used to speak to worshippers from inside statues of their gods

Administrative divisions:90

24 departments ( departamentos , singular - departamento ), 1 province* ( provincia ), and 1 constitutional province** ( provincia constitucional ); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao**, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huánuco, Ica, Junín, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Lima*, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali

Legal system:91

civil law system

Constitution:92

history:several previous; latest promulgated 29 December 1993, enacted 31 December 1993
amendment process:proposed by Congress, by the president of the republic with the approval of the Council of Ministers or by petition of at least 0.3% of voters; passage requires absolute majority approval by the Congress membership, followed by approval in a referendum; a referendum is not required if Congress approves the amendment by greater than two-thirds majority vote in each of two successive sessions

International law organization participation:93

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship:94

citizenship by birth:yes
citizenship by descent only:yes
dual citizenship recognized:yes
residency requirement for naturalization:2 years

Suffrage:95

18 years of age; universal and compulsory until the age of 70

Executive branch:96

chief of state:President José Enrique JERÍ Oré (since 10 October 2025)
head of government:President José Enrique JERÍ Oré (since 10 October 2025)
cabinet:Council of Ministers appointed by the president
election/appointment process:president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for nonconsecutive terms)
most recent election date:11 April 2021, with a runoff on 6 June 2021
election results
2021:Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones (PL) 18.9%, Keiko Sofia FUJIMORI Higuchi (FP) 13.4%, Rafael LOPEZ ALIAGA Cazorla (RP) 11.8%, Hernando DE SOTO Polar (Social Integration Party) 11.6%, Yonhy LESCANO Ancieta (AP) 9.1%, Veronika MENDOZA Frisch (JP) 7.9%, Cesar ACUNA Peralta (APP) 6%, George FORSYTH Sommer (VN) 5.7%, Daniel Belizario URRESTI Elera (PP) 5.6%, other 10%; percent of vote second round - Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones 50.1%, Keiko Sofia FUJIMORI Higuchi 49.9%
2016:Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Keiko FUJIMORI Higuchi (FP) 39.9%, Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard (PPK) 21.1%, Veronika MENDOZA (FA) 18.7%, Alfredo BARNECHEA (AP) 7%, Alan GARCIA (APRA) 5.8%, other 7.5%; percent of vote in second round - Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard 50.1%, Keiko FUJIMORI Higuchi 49.9%
expected date of next election:12 April 2026
note 1:First Vice President Dina Ercilia BOLUARTE Zegarra assumed the office of the president on 7 December 2022 after President Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones was impeached and arrested; on 10 October 2025, the president of the Congress, José Enrique JERÍ Oré, was sworn in as the new president after Congress overwhelmingly voted to remove BOLUARTE from office
note 2:Prime Minister Ernesto ÁLVAREZ (since 14 October 2025) does not exercise executive power; this power rests with the president
note 3:the president is both chief of state and head of government

Legislative branch:97

legislature name:Congress of the Republic (Congreso de la República)
legislative structure:unicameral
number of seats:130 (all directly elected)
electoral system:proportional representation
scope of elections:full renewal
term in office:5 years
most recent election date:4/11/2021
parties elected and seats per party:Free Peru (PL) (37); Popular Force (FP) (24); Popular Action (AP) (16); Alliance for Progress (APP) (15); Go on Country - Social Integration Party (AvP) (10); Popular Renewal (RP) (9); We Are Peru" (SP) - Purple Party (PM) (9); Other (10)
percentage of women in chamber:41.5%
expected date of next election:April 2026

Judicial branch:98

highest court(s):Supreme Court (consists of 16 judges and divided into civil, criminal, and constitutional-social sectors)
judge selection and term of office:justices proposed by the National Board of Justice (a 7-member independent body), nominated by the president, and confirmed by the Congress; justices can serve until mandatory retirement at age 70
subordinate courts:Court of Constitutional Guarantees; Superior Courts or Cortes Superiores; specialized civil, criminal, and mixed courts; 2 types of peace courts in which professional judges and selected members of the local communities preside

Political parties:99

Advance the Nation (Avanza País) or AvP

Alliance for Progress (Alianza para el Progreso) or APP

Broad Front (Frente Amplio) or FA

Free Peru (Perú Libre) or PL

Front for Hope (Frente Esperanza)

Magisterial Block of National Concentration (Bloque Magisterial de Concertación Nacional) or BMCN

National Victory (Victoria Nacional) or VN

Peru Bicentennial (Perú Bicentenario) or PB

Popular Action (Acción Popular) or AP

Popular Force (Fuerza Popular) or FP

Popular Renewal (Renovación Popular) or RP

Purple Party (Partido Morado)

Social Integration Party (Avanza País - Partido de Integración Social)

Together For Perú (Juntos por el Peru) or JP

We Are Peru (Somos Perú) of SP

We Can Peru (Podemos Perú) or PP

Diplomatic representation in the US:100

chief of mission:Ambassador Alfredo Santiago Carlos FERRERO DIEZ CANSECO (since 27 February 2024)
chancery:1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone:[1] (202) 833-9860
FAX:[1] (202) 659-8124
email address and website

Webadmin@embassyofperu.us

Embassy of Peru in the United States - E-United States - Platform of the Peruvian State (www.gob.pe)

consulate(s) general:Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Hartford (CT), Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Paterson (NJ), San Francisco

Diplomatic representation from the US:101

chief of mission:Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Joan PERKINS (since 18 April 2025)
embassy:Avenida La Encalada, Cuadra 17 s/n, Surco, Lima 33
mailing address:3230 Lima Place, Washington DC 20521-3230
telephone:[51] (1) 618-2000
FAX:[51] (1) 618-2724
email address and website

lima_webmaster@state.gov

https://pe.usembassy.gov/

International organization participation:102

AIIB, APEC, BIS, CAN, CD, CELAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance, PCA, PROSUR, SICA (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UN Security Council (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Independence:103

28 July 1821 (from Spain)

National holiday:104

Independence Day, 28-29 July (1821)

Flag:105

description:three equal vertical bands of red (left side), white, and red, with the coat of arms centered on the white band; the coat of arms has a shield with a vicuna, a cinchona tree, and a yellow cornucopia spilling out coins
meaning:the vicuna represents fauna, the cinchona tree is the source of quinine, and the cornucopia symbolizes mineral wealth; red stands for blood shed for independence, and white for peace

National symbol(s):106

vicuna (a camelid related to the llama)

National color(s):107

red, white

National anthem(s):108

title:"Himno Nacional del Peru" (National Anthem of Peru)
lyrics/music:Jose DE LA TORRE Ugarte/Jose Bernardo ALZEDO
history:adopted 1821

National heritage:109

total World Heritage Sites:13 (9 cultural, 2 natural, 2 mixed)
selected World Heritage Site locales:Cuzco (c); Machu Picchu (m); Chavin (c); Historic Lima (c); Huascarán National Park (n); Chan Chan (c); Manú National Park (n); Lines and Geoglyphs of Nazca (c); Rio Abiseo National Park (m); Historic Arequipa (c); Sacred City of Caral-Supe (c); Qhapaq Ñan/Andean Road System (c)

Economy

Economic overview:110

upper-middle-income South American economy; strong post-COVID rebound tempered by political uncertainty and climate risks; exports driven by mineral extraction and agriculture; large informal sector and uneven access to public services; stable fiscal position and financial sector

Real GDP (purchasing power parity):111

2024:$535.911 billion (2024 est.)
2023:$518.771 billion (2023 est.)
2022:$520.872 billion (2022 est.)
note:data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP growth rate:112

2024:3.3% (2024 est.)
2023:-0.4% (2023 est.)
2022:2.8% (2022 est.)
note:annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per capita:113

2024:$15,700 (2024 est.)
2023:$15,300 (2023 est.)
2022:$15,600 (2022 est.)
note:data in 2021 dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):114

GDP: 334,854,659,181.89 current US dollars (2025)

$289.222 billion (2024 est.)

note:data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Inflation rate (consumer prices):116

2024:2% (2024 est.)
2023:6.5% (2023 est.)
2022:8.3% (2022 est.)
note:annual % change based on consumer prices

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:117

agriculture:6.1% (2024 est.)
industry:32.2% (2024 est.)
services:52.7% (2024 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

GDP - composition, by end use:118

household consumption:61.6% (2024 est.)
government consumption:13.4% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital:20.8% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories:-1.4% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services:28.5% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services:-22.9% (2024 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Agricultural products:119

sugarcane, potatoes, rice, bananas, milk, maize, chicken, oil palm fruit, cassava, grapes (2023)

note:top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries:120

mining and refining of minerals; steel, metal fabrication; petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas and natural gas liquefaction; fishing and fish processing, cement, glass, textiles, clothing, food processing, beer, soft drinks, rubber, machinery, electrical machinery, chemicals, furniture

Industrial production growth rate:121

3.1% (2024 est.)

note:annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force:122

18.918 million (2024 est.)

note:number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate:123

2024:4.9% (2024 est.)
2023:4.9% (2023 est.)
2022:3.9% (2022 est.)
note:% of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24):124

total:8.8% (2024 est.)
male:7.9% (2024 est.)
female:9.8% (2024 est.)
note:% of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Population below poverty line:125

27.5% (2022 est.)

note:% of population with income below national poverty line

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income:126

2023:40.7 (2023 est.)
note:index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Average household expenditures:127

on food:26.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco:2.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:128

lowest 10%:2% (2023 est.)
highest 10%:30.6% (2023 est.)
note:% share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

Remittances:129

2023:1.7% of GDP (2023 est.)
2022:1.5% of GDP (2022 est.)
2021:1.6% of GDP (2021 est.)
note:personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Budget:130

revenues:$48.003 billion (2021 est.)
expenditures:$55.34 billion (2021 est.)
note:central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Public debt:131

2021:35.2% of GDP (2021 est.)
note:central government debt as a % of GDP

Taxes and other revenues:132

15.9% (of GDP) (2021 est.)

note:central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Current account balance:133

2024:$6.39 billion (2024 est.)
2023:$881.934 million (2023 est.)
2022:-$9.972 billion (2022 est.)
note:balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exports:134

2024:$83.325 billion (2024 est.)
2023:$72.97 billion (2023 est.)
2022:$71.39 billion (2022 est.)
note:balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - partners:135

China 34%, USA 14%, Canada 5%, India 4%, Switzerland 4% (2023)

note:top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Exports - commodities:136

copper ore, gold, refined copper, refined petroleum, grapes (2023)

note:top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports:137

2024:$67.16 billion (2024 est.)
2023:$63.776 billion (2023 est.)
2022:$69.936 billion (2022 est.)
note:balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - partners:138

China 26%, USA 21%, Brazil 7%, Argentina 5%, Mexico 3% (2023)

note:top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Imports - commodities:139

refined petroleum, crude petroleum, cars, trucks, broadcasting equipment (2023)

note:top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:140

2024:$79.246 billion (2024 est.)
2023:$71.394 billion (2023 est.)
2022:$72.328 billion (2022 est.)
note:holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Debt - external:141

2023:$38.102 billion (2023 est.)
note:present value of external debt in current US dollars

Exchange rates:142

Currency:nuevo sol (PEN) per US dollar -
2023:3.744 (2023 est.)
2022:3.835 (2022 est.)
2021:3.881 (2021 est.)
2020:3.495 (2020 est.)
2019:3.337 (2019 est.)

Energy

Electricity access:143

electrification - total population:96.2% (2022 est.)
electrification - urban areas:99%
electrification - rural areas:85.1%

Electricity:144

installed generating capacity:16.164 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption:53.3 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports:47.696 million kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses:6.638 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources:145

fossil fuels:44.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar:1.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
wind:3.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity:49.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste:1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Coal:146

production:1.382 million metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption:973,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
exports:1.261 million metric tons (2023 est.)
imports:446,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves:1.567 billion metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum:147

total petroleum production:118,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption:255,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves:858.89 million barrels (2021 est.)

Natural gas:148

production:14.647 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption:9.675 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
exports:4.883 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves:300.159 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Energy consumption per capita:149

Total energy consumption per capita 2023:30.923 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Communications

Telephones - fixed lines:150

total subscriptions:1.504 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:4 (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular:151

total subscriptions:41.3 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:122 (2022 est.)

Broadcast media:152

10 major TV networks of which only one, Television Nacional de Peru, is state owned; multi-channel cable TV services are available; in excess of 5,000 radio stations including a substantial number of local-language stations (2021)

Internet country code:153

.pe

Internet users:154

percent of population:80% (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions:155

total:3.53 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:10 (2023 est.)

Transportation

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix:156

OB

Airports:157

174 (2025)

Heliports:158

7 (2025)

Railways:159

total:1,854.4 km (2017)
standard gauge:1,730.4 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (34 km electrified)
narrow gauge:124 km (2014) 0.914-m gauge

Merchant marine:160

total:111 (2023)
by type:general cargo 1, oil tanker 9, other 101

Ports:161

total ports:20 (2024)
large:0
medium:1
small:3
very small:16
ports with oil terminals:16
key ports:Bahia de Matarani, Iquitos, Puerto del Callao, Talara

Military and Security

Military and security forces:162

Armed Forces of Peru (Fuerzas Armadas del Perú or FAP): Peruvian Army (Ejercito del Peru), Peruvian Navy (Marina de Guerra del Peru, MGP, includes naval infantry and General Directorate of Captaincies and Coast Guards, DICAPI), Air Force of Peru (Fuerza Aerea del Peru, FAP)

Ministry of the Interior: Peruvian National Police (Policía Nacional del Perú, PNP) (2025)

Military expenditures:163

2024:0.8% of GDP (2024 est.)
2023:1% of GDP (2023 est.)
2022:1.1% of GDP (2022 est.)
2021:1.1% of GDP (2021 est.)
2020:1.2% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military and security service personnel strengths:164

information varies; approximately 85,000 active-duty Armed Forces (50,000 Army; 25,000 Navy; 10,000 Air Force); approximately 75,000 National Police (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions:165

the military has a broad mix of mostly older but some more modern equipment from a range of suppliers, including Brazil, China, France, Germany, Italy, Russia and the former Soviet Union, South Korea, and the US; some deliveries have been secondhand weapons systems; Peru has a small defense industry, including a shipyard that builds and upgrades naval vessels; it also has defense industrial cooperation agreements with several countries, including Russia, South Korea, Spain, and the US (2024)

Military service age and obligation:166

18-30 years of age for voluntary military service (12 months) (2024)

note:as of 2024, women made up about 11% of the active-duty military

Military deployments:167

225 Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (2024)

Military - note:168

the Peruvian Armed Forces (FAP) are responsible for external defense in addition to some domestic security responsibilities in designated emergency areas and in exceptional circumstances; key areas of focus include counterinsurgency, counternarcotics, cyber defense, disaster relief, and maritime security operations; the FAP supported the police during anti-government protests in early 2023; it has contributed to UN missions since 1958 and has ties to regional militaries, particularly Colombia, as well as those of numerous other countries such as China, Russia, Spain, and the US; the FAP’s last external conflict was a brief border war with Ecuador in 1995

the Special Command of the Valley of the Apurimac, Ene, and Mantaro rivers (CE-VRAEM) is responsible for combating the remnants of the Shining Path terrorist group (aka Sendero Luminoso) and includes several thousand air, ground, naval, police, and special forces personnel; the FAP also provides aircraft, vehicles, and logistical support to the command (2025)

Space

Space agency/agencies:169

National Aerospace Research and Development Commission (Comisión Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Aeroespacia, CONIDA; established 1974) (2025)

Space launch site(s):170

in 2024, Peru announced an initiative to develop a future spaceport in Talara (Piura department)

Space program overview:171

focuses on acquiring satellites, applying space applications such as data satellite imagery, and building small rockets; has built a small science/technology satellite; operates satellites and processes satellite imagery data; builds and launches sounding rockets with goal of developing a satellite/space launch vehicle (SLV); researching, developing, and acquiring technologies for manufacturing satellites and satellite payloads, including remote sensing (RS) capabilities; member of Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency (ALCE) since its formation in 2021; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Brazil, China, the ESA, individual ESA member states (particularly France and Germany), India, Russia, South Korea, Thailand, and the US, as well as other ALCE signatories (2025)

Key space-program milestones:172

2006 - launched first sounding rocket/space probe (Paulet-1)

2013 - first domestically built scientific/research satellite (PUCP-SAT-1) launched by Russia; launched first domestically built rocket (Paulet 1-B) capable of reaching the stratosphere

2016 - first remote sensing satellite (PeruSat-1) acquired from France and launched on European rocket

2024 - signed US-led Artemis Accords on space and lunar exploration

Terrorism

Terrorist group(s):173

Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso); Tren de Aragua (TdA)

note:details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

Transnational Issues

Refugees and internally displaced persons:174

refugees:546,699 (2024 est.)
IDPs:83,441 (2024 est.)
stateless persons:32 (2024 est.)

Illicit drugs:175

USG identification

major illicit drug-producing and/or drug-transit country

major precursor-chemical producer (2025)

Additional observations

Real GDP growth176
3.43 % annual change (2025)
Consumer price inflation177
1.53 % annual change (2025)
Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate)178
5.12 % of labor force (2025)
Access to electricity179
96.5 % of population (2024)
Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption180
30.6 % (2021)
Individuals using the internet181
81.96 % of population (2024)

Historical observations

Notes & sources

  1. Background. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  2. Location. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  3. Geographic coordinates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  4. Map references. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  5. Area. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. The archived total area has no reference year and territorial coverage may differ from World Bank surface area. World Bank: 1,285,215.6 square kilometers (2024). Reference: 1,285,216 square kilometers. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  6. Surface area. Surface area: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. The archived total area has no reference year and territorial coverage may differ from World Bank surface area. World Bank: 1,285,215.6 square kilometers (2024). Reference: 1,285,216 square kilometers. ↩
  7. Area - comparative. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  8. Land boundaries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  9. Coastline. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  10. Maritime claims. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  11. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  12. Terrain. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  13. Elevation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  14. Natural resources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  15. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  16. Irrigated land. Reference edition; observation: 2012. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  17. Major lakes (area sq km). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  18. Major rivers (by length in km). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  19. Major watersheds (area sq km). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  20. Major aquifers. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  21. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  22. Natural hazards. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  23. Geography - note. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  24. Population. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 34,576,665 people (2025). Reference: 32,600,249 people (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  25. Population. Population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 34,576,665 people (2025). Reference: 32,600,249 people (2024). ↩
  26. Nationality. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  27. Ethnic groups. Reference edition; observation: 2017 est.. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  28. Languages. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  29. Religions. Reference edition; observation: 2023 est.. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  30. Age structure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  31. Dependency ratios. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  32. Median age. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  33. Population growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  34. Population growth rate. Population growth rate: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  35. Birth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  36. Crude birth rate. Crude birth rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  37. Death rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  38. Crude death rate. Crude death rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  39. Net migration rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  40. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  41. Urbanization. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  42. Urban population. Urban population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  43. Major urban areas - population. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  44. Sex ratio. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  45. Mother's mean age at first birth. Reference edition; observation: 2013. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  46. Maternal mortality ratio. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  47. Maternal mortality ratio. Maternal mortality ratio: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  48. Infant mortality rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  49. Infant mortality rate. Infant mortality rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  50. Life expectancy at birth. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  51. Life expectancy at birth. Life expectancy at birth: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  52. Total fertility rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  53. Total fertility rate. Total fertility rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  54. Gross reproduction rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  55. Drinking water source. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  56. At least basic drinking water services. At least basic drinking water services: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. This separately sourced basic-service observation is shown alongside the reference edition’s improved/unimproved categories. It does not replace those category totals. ↩
  57. Health expenditure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  58. Current health expenditure. Current health expenditure: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  59. Physician density. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  60. Physicians. Physicians: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  61. Hospital bed density. Reference edition; observation: 2021. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  62. Sanitation facility access. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  63. At least basic sanitation services. At least basic sanitation services: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. This separately sourced basic-service observation is shown alongside the reference edition’s improved/unimproved categories. It does not replace those category totals. ↩
  64. Obesity - adult prevalence rate. Reference edition; observation: 2016. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  65. Alcohol consumption per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  66. Tobacco use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  67. Children under the age of 5 years underweight. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  68. Currently married women (ages 15-49). Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  69. Child marriage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  70. Education expenditure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  71. Government education expenditure. Government education expenditure: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  72. Literacy. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  73. Adult literacy rate. Adult literacy rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  74. School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  75. Environmental issues. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  76. International environmental agreements. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  77. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  78. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  79. Urbanization. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  80. Carbon dioxide emissions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  81. Particulate matter emissions. Reference edition; observation: 2019. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  82. Methane emissions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  83. Waste and recycling. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  84. Total water withdrawal. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  85. Total renewable water resources. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  86. Geoparks. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  87. Country name. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  88. Government type. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  89. Capital. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  90. Administrative divisions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  91. Legal system. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  92. Constitution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  93. International law organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  94. Citizenship. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  95. Suffrage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  96. Executive branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  97. Legislative branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  98. Judicial branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  99. Political parties. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  100. Diplomatic representation in the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  101. Diplomatic representation from the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  102. International organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  103. Independence. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  104. National holiday. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  105. Flag. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  106. National symbol(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  107. National color(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  108. National anthem(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  109. National heritage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  110. Economic overview. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  111. Real GDP (purchasing power parity). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  112. Real GDP growth rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  113. Real GDP per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  114. GDP (official exchange rate). Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 334,854,659,181.89 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 289,222,000,000 current US dollars (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  115. GDP. GDP: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 334,854,659,181.89 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 289,222,000,000 current US dollars (2024). ↩
  116. Inflation rate (consumer prices). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  117. GDP - composition, by sector of origin. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  118. GDP - composition, by end use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  119. Agricultural products. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  120. Industries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  121. Industrial production growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  122. Labor force. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  123. Unemployment rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  124. Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  125. Population below poverty line. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  126. Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  127. Average household expenditures. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  128. Household income or consumption by percentage share. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  129. Remittances. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  130. Budget. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  131. Public debt. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  132. Taxes and other revenues. Reference edition; observation: 2021. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  133. Current account balance. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  134. Exports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  135. Exports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  136. Exports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  137. Imports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  138. Imports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  139. Imports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  140. Reserves of foreign exchange and gold. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  141. Debt - external. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  142. Exchange rates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  143. Electricity access. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  144. Electricity. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  145. Electricity generation sources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  146. Coal. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  147. Petroleum. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  148. Natural gas. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  149. Energy consumption per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  150. Telephones - fixed lines. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  151. Telephones - mobile cellular. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  152. Broadcast media. Reference edition; observation: 2021. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  153. Internet country code. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  154. Internet users. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  155. Broadband - fixed subscriptions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  156. Civil aircraft registration country code prefix. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  157. Airports. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  158. Heliports. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  159. Railways. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  160. Merchant marine. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  161. Ports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  162. Military and security forces. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  163. Military expenditures. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  164. Military and security service personnel strengths. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  165. Military equipment inventories and acquisitions. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  166. Military service age and obligation. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  167. Military deployments. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  168. Military - note. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  169. Space agency/agencies. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  170. Space launch site(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  171. Space program overview. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  172. Key space-program milestones. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  173. Terrorist group(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  174. Refugees and internally displaced persons. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  175. Illicit drugs. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 09:24:34 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  176. Real GDP growth. Real GDP growth: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator denotes the percentage change over each previous year of the constant price (base year 2015) series in United States dollars. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?format=json ↩
  177. Consumer price inflation. Consumer price inflation: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?format=json ↩
  178. Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate). Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate): observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. The ILO modeled estimate is not necessarily directly comparable with national unemployment measures. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?format=json ↩
  179. Access to electricity. Access to electricity: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electricity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys and international sources. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS?format=json ↩
  180. Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption. Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption: observation 2021; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Renewable energy consumption is the share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS?format=json ↩
  181. Individuals using the internet. Individuals using the internet: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Internet users are individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?format=json ↩
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Countries & territories

Same-year values. Equal values share a rank.

Sources & method

Ranks cover available countries and territories, using the same indicator, source unit and reference year. Unrounded source values determine ties. Coverage is not a sovereign-country or complete global ranking; national definitions may differ. Missing values and other years are excluded. The information icon preserves the original number, unit and evidence.

RankCountry or territoryValue
Source information
International organization