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Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan / IRQ

Iraq

Iraq flag
ⓘ

2021 Factbook flag mirror; image identity has not been individually audited. Source.

Last updated: October 29, 2026

World Bank directory: capital Baghdad · 33.3302°, 44.394° · sourceRetrieved 2026-10-29 · single source, unverified; directory metadata may be stale.
Iraq: CIA World Factbook map from 2021; original boundary notes preserved.
ⓘCIA World Factbook map, February 2021 media edition. Identity reviewed; current boundaries have not been audited. visual contact sheet or original identity check; does not verify current boundaries Boundaries, place names and designations may be dated or disputed; original annotations retained. SHA-256: 025309e2c33287510a94106c3e950e89f05fdbc816a911de084d548c759900b8. Provenance and inspection record.

Introduction

Background:1

Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, Iraq was occupied by the United Kingdom during World War I and was declared a League of Nations mandate under UK administration in 1920. Iraq attained its independence as a kingdom in 1932. It was proclaimed a republic in 1958 after a coup overthrew the monarchy, but in actuality, a series of strongmen ruled the country until 2003. The last was SADDAM Hussein, from 1979 to 2003. Territorial disputes with Iran led to an inconclusive and costly war from 1980 to 1988. In 1990, Iraq seized Kuwait but was expelled by US-led UN coalition forces during the two-month-long Gulf War of 1991. After Iraq's expulsion, the UN Security Council (UNSC) required Iraq to scrap all weapons of mass destruction and long-range missiles and to allow UN verification inspections. Continued Iraqi noncompliance with UNSC resolutions led to the Second Gulf War in 2003, when US-led forces ousted the SADDAM regime.

In 2005, Iraqis approved a constitution in a national referendum and elected a 275-member Council of Representatives (COR). The COR approved most of the cabinet ministers, marking the transition to Iraq's first constitutional government in nearly a half-century. Iraq's constitution also established the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), a semi-autonomous region that administers the governorates of Erbil, Dahuk, and As Sulaymaniyah. Iraq has held four national legislative elections since 2006, most recently in 2021. The COR approved Mohammad Shia' al-SUDANI as prime minister in 2022. Iraq has repeatedly postponed elections for provincial councils -- last held in 2013 -- and since 2019, the prime minister has had the authority to appoint governors rather than provincial councils.

Between 2014 and 2017, Iraq fought a military campaign against the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) to recapture territory the group seized in 2014. In 2017, then-Prime Minister Haydar al-ABADI publicly declared victory against ISIS, although military operations against the group continue in rural areas. Also in 2017, Baghdad forcefully seized disputed territories across central and northern Iraq from the KRG, after a non-binding Kurdish independence referendum.

Geography

Location:2

Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait

Geographic coordinates:3

33 00 N, 44 00 E

Map references:4

Middle East

Area:5

Surface area: 435,050 square kilometers (2024)

total:438,317 sq km
land:437,367 sq km
water:950 sq km

Area - comparative:7

slightly more than three times the size of New York State

Land boundaries:8

total:3,809 km
border countries (6):Iran 1,599 km; Jordan 179 km; Kuwait 254 km; Saudi Arabia 811 km; Syria 599 km; Turkey 367 km

Coastline:9

58 km

Maritime claims:10

territorial sea:12 nm
continental shelf:not specified

Climate:11

mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq

Terrain:12

mostly broad plains; reedy marshes along Iranian border in south with large flooded areas; mountains along borders with Iran and Turkey

Elevation:13

highest point:Cheekha Dar (Kurdish for "Black Tent") 3,611 m
lowest point:Persian Gulf 0 m
mean elevation:312 m

Natural resources:14

petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur

Land use:15

agricultural land:21.8% (2023 est.)
arable land:11.4% (2023 est.)
permanent crops:1.2% (2023 est.)
permanent pasture:9.2% (2023 est.)
forest:1.6% (2023 est.)
other:76.5% (2023 est.)

Irrigated land:16

35,250 sq km (2012)

Major lakes (area sq km):17

fresh water lake(s):Lake Hammar - 1,940 sq km

Major rivers (by length in km):18

Euphrates river mouth (shared with Turkey[s], Syria, and Iran) - 3,596 km; Tigris river mouth (shared with Turkey[s], Syria, and Iran) - 1,950 km; the Tigris and Euphrates join to form the Shatt al Arab

note:[s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Major watersheds (area sq km):19

Indian Ocean drainage:(Persian Gulf) Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)

Major aquifers:20

Arabian Aquifer System

Population distribution:21

population is concentrated in the north, center, and eastern parts of the country, with many of the larger urban agglomerations found along extensive parts of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; much of the western and southern areas are either lightly populated or uninhabited

Natural hazards:22

dust storms; sandstorms; floods

Geography - note:23

strategic location on Shatt al Arab waterway and at the head of the Persian Gulf

People and Society

Population:24

Population: 47,020,774 people (2025)

total:42,083,436 (2024 est.)
male:21,193,356
female:20,890,080

Nationality:26

noun:Iraqi(s)
adjective:Iraqi

Ethnic groups:27

Arab 75-80%, Kurdish 15-20%, other 5% (includes Turkmen, Yezidi, Shabak, Kaka'i, Bedouin, Romani, Assyrian, Circassian, Sabaean-Mandaean, Persian)

note:data is a 1987 government estimate; no more recent reliable numbers are available

Languages:28

Arabic (official), Kurdish (official); Turkmen (a Turkish dialect) and Syriac (Neo-Aramaic) are recognized as official languages where native speakers of these languages are present

major-language sample(s)
major-language sample(s):كتاب حقائق العالم، أحسن مصدر للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
major-language sample(s):ڕاستییەکانی جیهان، باشترین سەرچاوەیە بۆ زانیارییە بنەڕەتییەکان (Kurdish)
major-language sample(s):The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions:29

Muslim (official) 95-98% (Shia 61-64%, Sunni 29-34%), Christian 1% (includes Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant, Assyrian Church of the East), other 1-4% (2015 est.)

note:the last census in Iraq was in 1997; while there has been voluntary relocation of many Christian families to northern Iraq, the overall Christian population has decreased at least 50% and perhaps as much as 90% since 2003, according to US Embassy estimates, with many fleeing to Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon

Age structure:30

0-14 years:34.6% (male 7,447,266/female 7,130,883)
15-64 years:61.7% (male 13,064,516/female 12,907,702)
65 years and over:3.6% (2024 est.) (male 681,574/female 851,495)

Dependency ratios:31

total dependency ratio:62 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio:56.1 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio:5.9 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio:16.9 (2024 est.)

Median age:32

total:22.4 years (2024 est.)
male:22 years
female:22.7 years

Population growth rate:33

Population growth rate: 2.1 % annually (2025)

1.99% (2024 est.)

Birth rate:35

Crude birth rate: 25.58 births per 1,000 people (2024)

23.7 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate:37

Crude death rate: 4.17 deaths per 1,000 people (2024)

3.9 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate:39

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution:40

population is concentrated in the north, center, and eastern parts of the country, with many of the larger urban agglomerations found along extensive parts of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; much of the western and southern areas are either lightly populated or uninhabited

Urbanization:41

Urban population: 69.94 % of population (2025)

urban population:71.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:2.91% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas - population:43

7.711 million BAGHDAD (capital), 1.792 million Mosul, 1.448 million Basra, 1.075 million Kirkuk, 958,000 Najaf, 897,000 Erbil (2023)

Sex ratio:44

at birth:1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years:1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years:1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.8 male(s)/female
total population:1.02 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio:45

Maternal mortality ratio: 66 deaths per 100,000 live births (2023)

66 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Infant mortality rate:47

Infant mortality rate: 20.1 deaths per 1,000 live births (2024)

total:18.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
male:20.4 deaths/1,000 live births
female:17 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth:49

Life expectancy at birth: 72.42 years (2024)

total population:73.7 years (2024 est.)
male:71.9 years
female:75.7 years

Total fertility rate:51

Total fertility rate: 3.22 births per woman (2024)

3.1 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Gross reproduction rate:53

1.51 (2024 est.)

Drinking water source:54

At least basic drinking water services: 98.41 % of population (2024)

improved
urban:99.8% of population (2022 est.)
rural:94.8% of population (2022 est.)
total:98.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved
urban:0.2% of population (2022 est.)
rural:5.2% of population (2022 est.)
total:1.6% of population (2022 est.)

Health expenditure:56

Current health expenditure: 5.53 % of GDP (2023)

Health expenditure (as % of GDP):5.2% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget):5.8% of national budget (2022 est.)

Physician density:58

Physicians: 1.02 per 1,000 people (2022)

1.02 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Hospital bed density:60

1.3 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Sanitation facility access:61

At least basic sanitation services: 98.5 % of population (2024)

improved
urban:98.8% of population (2022 est.)
rural:97.6% of population (2022 est.)
total:98.5% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved
urban:1.2% of population (2022 est.)
rural:2.4% of population (2022 est.)
total:1.5% of population (2022 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate:63

30.4% (2016)

Alcohol consumption per capita:64

total:0.16 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer:0.11 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine:0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits:0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols:0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use:65

total:18.6% (2025 est.)
male:36.2% (2025 est.)
female:1.3% (2025 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight:66

3.9% (2018 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49):67

65.5% (2023 est.)

Child marriage:68

women married by age 15:7.2% (2018)
women married by age 18:27.9% (2018)

Education expenditure:69

4.7% of GDP (2016)

Literacy:70

Adult literacy rate: 84.06 % of people aged 15 and over (2021)

total population:84.1% (2021 est.)
male:90.3% (2021 est.)
female:77.8% (2021 est.)

Environment

Environmental issues:72

habitat loss from wetland draining; inadequate potable water; soil degradation (salination) and erosion; desertification; air, soil, and groundwater pollution from military and industries; water pollution from oil refineries and factory and sewage discharges; soil pollution from fertilizer and chemicals; air pollution in urban areas

International environmental agreements:73

party to:Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified:Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Environmental Modification

Climate:74

mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq

Land use:75

agricultural land:21.8% (2023 est.)
arable land:11.4% (2023 est.)
permanent crops:1.2% (2023 est.)
permanent pasture:9.2% (2023 est.)
forest:1.6% (2023 est.)
other:76.5% (2023 est.)

Urbanization:76

urban population:71.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:2.91% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions:77

total emissions:190.815 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke:7,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids:152.931 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas:37.878 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions:78

45.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Methane emissions:79

energy:2,243 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture:157 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste:325 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other:2.3 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Waste and recycling:80

municipal solid waste generated annually:13.14 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled:15.4% (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal:81

municipal:6.735 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial:4.52 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural:31.169 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total renewable water resources:82

89.86 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Government

Country name:83

conventional long form:Republic of Iraq
conventional short form:Iraq
local long form:Jumhuriyat al-Iraq/Komar-i Eraq
local short form:Al Iraq/Eraq
former:Mesopotamia, Mandatory Iraq, Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq
etymology:the name probably derives from Uruk ("Erech" in Aramaic), the ancient Sumerian and Babylonian city on the Euphrates River

Government type:84

federal parliamentary republic

Capital:85

name:Baghdad
geographic coordinates:33 20 N, 44 24 E
time difference:UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology:the origin of the name is unclear; it may mean "gift of God," from the pre-Islamic words bagh (god) and dad (given)

Administrative divisions:86

19 governorates ( muhafazat , singular - muhafazah (Arabic); parezgakan, singular - parezga (Kurdish)); 'Al Anbar; Al Basrah; Al Muthanna; Al Qadisiyah (Ad Diwaniyah); An Najaf; Arbil (Erbil) (Arabic), Halabjah; Hewler (Kurdish); As Sulaymaniyah (Arabic), Slemani (Kurdish); Babil; Baghdad; Dahuk (Arabic), Dihok (Kurdish); Dhi Qar; Diyala; Karbala'; Kirkuk; Maysan; Ninawa; Salah ad Din; Wasit

note:Iraq's Kurdistan Regional Government administers Arbil, Dahuk, and As Sulaymaniyah (as Hewler, Dihok, and Slemani, respectively)

Legal system:87

mixed system of civil and Islamic law

Constitution:88

history:several previous; latest adopted by referendum 15 October 2005
amendment process:proposed by the president of the republic and the Council of Minsters collectively, or by one fifth of the Council of Representatives members; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Council of Representatives, approval by referendum, and ratification by the president; passage of amendments to articles on citizen rights and liberties requires two-thirds majority vote of Council of Representatives members after two successive electoral terms, approval in a referendum, and ratification by the president

International law organization participation:89

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship:90

citizenship by birth:no
citizenship by descent only:at least one parent must be a citizen of Iraq
dual citizenship recognized:yes
residency requirement for naturalization:10 years

Suffrage:91

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:92

chief of state:President Latif RASHID (since 13 October 2022)
head of government:Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-SUDANI (since 27 October 2022)
cabinet:Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, approved by Council of Representatives (COR)
election/appointment process:president indirectly elected by COR to serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term)
most recent election date:13 October 2022
election results
election results:2022: Latif RASHID elected president in second round; COR vote in first round - Latif RASHID (PUK) 157, Barham SALIH (PUK) 99; COR vote in second round - Latif RASHID 167, Barham SALIH 99; Mohammed Shia' al-SUDANI approved as prime minister
election results:2018: Barham SALIH elected president in second round; COR vote in first round - Barham SALIH (PUK) 165, Fuad HUSAYN (KDP) 90; COR vote in second round - Barham SALIH 219, Fuad HUSAYN 22; Adil ABD AL-MAHDI approved as prime minister

Legislative branch:93

legislature name:Council of Representatives of Iraq
legislative structure:unicameral
number of seats:329 (all directly elected)
electoral system:other systems
scope of elections:full renewal
term in office:4 years
most recent election date:11/11/2025
parties elected and seats per party:Reconstruction & Development Coalition, The Progress (Taqaddum) Party, State of Law Coalition, Sadiqoun Movement, Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), Badr Organization, National State Forces Alliance, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), Azm Alliance, National Sovereignty, Ishraqat Kanun, Asas (Iraqi Foundation) Coalition, Tasmeem Alliance, Huquq Movement, National Resolve (Hasm)
percentage of women in chamber:28.9%
expected date of next election:November 2029

Judicial branch:94

highest court(s):Federal Supreme Court or FSC (consists of 9 judges); Court of Cassation (consists of a court president, 5 vice presidents, and at least 24 judges)
judge selection and term of office:Federal Supreme Court (FSC) judges nominated by the High Judicial Council (HJC) president, the FSC chief justice, the public prosecutor's office chief, and the head of the Judicial Oversight Commission; FSC members required to retire at age 72; Court of Cassation judges appointed by the HJC and confirmed by the Council of Representatives to serve until retirement, nominally at age 63, but can be extended to age 66
subordinate courts:Courts of Appeal (governorate level); civil courts, including first instance, personal status, labor, and customs; criminal courts including felony, misdemeanor, investigative, major crimes, juvenile, and traffic courts
note:Federal Supreme Court jurisdiction limited to constitutional issues, application of federal laws, ratification of election results for the COR, judicial competency disputes, and disputes between regions or governorates and the central government

Political parties:95

Al Fatah Alliance

Azm Alliance

Babiliyun Movement

Imtidad

Ishraqat Konun

Kurdistan Democratic Party

National Contract Party

New Generation Movement

Patriotic Union of Kurdistan

Sadrist Bloc

State Forces Alliance

State of Law Coalition

Taqadum

Tasmim Alliance

Diplomatic representation in the US:96

chief of mission:Ambassador Nazar Issa Abdulhadi AL-KHIRULLAH (since 30 June 2023)
chancery:1801 P Street NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone:[1] (202) 483-7500
FAX:[1] (202) 462-8815
email address and website
email address and website:washington@scrdiraq.gov.iq
email address and website:https://www.iraqiembassy.us/
consulate(s) general:Detroit, Los Angeles

Diplomatic representation from the US:97

chief of mission:Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Ambassador Joshua HARRIS (since 2 September 2025)
embassy:Al-Kindi Street, International Zone, Baghdad; note - consulate in Al Basrah closed as of 28 September 2018
mailing address:6060 Baghdad Place, Washington DC 20521-6060
telephone:0760-030-3000
email address and website
email address and website:BaghdadACS@state.gov
email address and website:https://iq.usembassy.gov/

International organization participation:98

ABEDA, AFESD, AIIB, AMF, CAEU, CICA, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

Independence:99

3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)

note:on 28 June 2004, the Coalition Provisional Authority transferred sovereignty to the Iraqi Interim Government

National holiday:100

Independence Day, 3 October (1932); Republic Day, 14 July (1958)

Flag:101

description:three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; the Takbir (Arabic phrase meaning "God is great") in green Arabic script is centered in the white band
meaning:the colors come from the Arab Liberation flag and stand for oppression (black) overcome through bloody struggle (red), to be replaced by a bright future (white)
history:the Council of Representatives approved this flag in 2008 as a compromise replacement for the Ba'thist SADDAM-era flag
note:similar to the flags of Syria (two stars but no script), Yemen (plain white band), and Egypt (a golden Eagle of Saladin centered in the white band)

National symbol(s):102

golden eagle

National color(s):103

red, white, black

National anthem(s):104

title:"Mawtini" (My Homeland)
lyrics/music:Ibrahim TOUQAN/Mohammad FLAYFEL
history:adopted 2004, after the ouster of SADDAM Husayn; popular Arab folk song that also serves as an unofficial anthem for the Palestinian people

National heritage:105

total World Heritage Sites:6 (5 cultural, 1 mixed)
selected World Heritage Site locales:Ashur (Qal'at Sherqat) (c); Babylon (c); Erbil Citadel (c); Hatra (c); Samarra Archaeological City (c); The Ahwar (Marshland) of Southern Iraq: Refuge of Biodiversity and the Relict Landscape of the Mesopotamian Cities (m)

Economy

Economic overview:106

highly oil-dependent Middle Eastern economy; fiscal sustainability subject to fluctuation in oil prices; rising public confidence in economic conditions; import-dependent for most sectors; persistent challenges of corruption, informal markets, banking access, and political fragility

Real GDP (purchasing power parity):107

$585.887 billion (2024 est.)

$595.082 billion (2023 est.)

$592.017 billion (2022 est.)

note:data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP growth rate:108

-1.5% (2024 est.)

0.5% (2023 est.)

8% (2022 est.)

note:annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per capita:109

$12,700 (2024 est.)

$13,200 (2023 est.)

$13,400 (2022 est.)

note:data in 2021 dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):110

GDP: 254,367,293,538.46 current US dollars (2025)

$279.641 billion (2024 est.)

note:data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Inflation rate (consumer prices):112

4.4% (2023 est.)

5% (2022 est.)

6% (2021 est.)

note:annual % change based on consumer prices

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:113

agriculture:3.4% (2024 est.)
industry:51.6% (2024 est.)
services:45.8% (2024 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

GDP - composition, by end use:114

household consumption:41.2% (2024 est.)
government consumption:20.3% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital:20.6% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories:8.8% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services:37.5% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services:-37.2% (2024 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Agricultural products:115

wheat, dates, maize, tomatoes, rye, grapes, milk, chicken, potatoes, fruits (2023)

note:top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries:116

petroleum, chemicals, textiles, leather, construction materials, food processing, fertilizer, metal fabrication/processing

Industrial production growth rate:117

-2.7% (2024 est.)

note:annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force:118

12.008 million (2024 est.)

note:number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate:119

15.6% (2024 est.)

15.5% (2023 est.)

15.6% (2022 est.)

note:% of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24):120

total:32.1% (2024 est.)
male:27.5% (2024 est.)
female:62.7% (2024 est.)
note:% of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income:121

29.8 (2023 est.)

note:index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Average household expenditures:122

on food:28.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco:4.3% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:123

lowest 10%:3.7% (2023 est.)
highest 10%:24.2% (2023 est.)
note:% share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

Remittances:124

0.4% of GDP (2023 est.)

0.4% of GDP (2022 est.)

0.4% of GDP (2021 est.)

note:personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Budget:125

revenues:$90.204 billion (2019 est.)
expenditures:$64.512 billion (2019 est.)
note:central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Public debt:126

27.4% of GDP (2018 est.)

note:central government debt as a % of GDP

Taxes and other revenues:127

1.3% (of GDP) (2019 est.)

note:central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Current account balance:128

$28.375 billion (2023 est.)

$58.01 billion (2022 est.)

$24.565 billion (2021 est.)

note:balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exports:129

$107.852 billion (2023 est.)

$127.079 billion (2022 est.)

$78.26 billion (2021 est.)

note:balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - partners:130

China 33%, India 28%, USA 8%, Greece 5%, UAE 5% (2023)

note:top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Exports - commodities:131

crude petroleum, refined petroleum, petroleum coke, gold, natural gas (2023)

note:top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports:132

$81.179 billion (2023 est.)

$69.162 billion (2022 est.)

$50.707 billion (2021 est.)

note:balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - partners:133

UAE 32%, China 20%, Turkey 18%, India 5%, USA 2% (2023)

note:top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Imports - commodities:134

refined petroleum, cars, broadcasting equipment, jewelry, gold (2023)

note:top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:135

$100.691 billion (2024 est.)

$112.233 billion (2023 est.)

$97.009 billion (2022 est.)

note:holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Debt - external:136

$15.58 billion (2023 est.)

note:present value of external debt in current US dollars

Exchange rates:137

Currency:Iraqi dinars (IQD) per US dollar -

1,300 (2024 est.)

1,312.5 (2023 est.)

1,450 (2022 est.)

1,450 (2021 est.)

1,192 (2020 est.)

Energy

Electricity access:138

electrification - total population:100% (2022 est.)

Electricity:139

installed generating capacity:31.339 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption:73.521 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports:3.134 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses:79.904 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources:140

fossil fuels:98.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar:0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity:0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Coal:141

imports:3,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum:142

total petroleum production:4.448 million bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption:1.043 million bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves:145.019 billion barrels (2021 est.)

Natural gas:143

production:10.537 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption:19.308 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports:8.771 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves:3.729 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Energy consumption per capita:144

Total energy consumption per capita 2023:64.311 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Communications

Telephones - fixed lines:145

total subscriptions:1.977 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:4 (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular:146

total subscriptions:45.7 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:98 (2022 est.)

Broadcast media:147

the number of private radio and TV stations has increased rapidly since 2003; state-owned TV and radio stations are operated by the publicly funded Iraqi Media Network; private broadcast media are mostly linked to political, ethnic, or religious groups; satellite TV is available to about 70% of viewers; many broadcasters are based abroad; transmissions of multiple international radio broadcasters are accessible (2019)

Internet country code:148

.iq

Internet users:149

percent of population:82% (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions:150

total:7.77 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:17 (2023 est.)

Transportation

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix:151

YI

Airports:152

73 (2025)

Heliports:153

10 (2025)

Railways:154

total:2,272 km (2014)
standard gauge:2,272 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge

Merchant marine:155

total:74 (2023)
by type:general cargo 1, oil tanker 6, other 67

Ports:156

total ports:6 (2024)
large:0
medium:1
small:1
very small:4
ports with oil terminals:3
key ports:Al Basrah, Al-Basra Oil Terminal, Khawr Al Amaya, Khawr Al Zubair, Umm Qasr

Military and Security

Military and security forces:157

Ministry of Defense: Iraqi Army, Iraqi Navy, Iraqi Air Force

Office of the Prime Minister: Iraqi Counterterrorism Service (CTS); Popular Mobilization Committee (PMC)

Ministry of Interior: Federal Police Forces Command, Border Guard Forces Command, Federal Intelligence and Investigations Agency, Emergency Response Division, Facilities Protection Directorate, and Provincial Police; Ministry of Oil: Energy Police Directorate (2025)

note 1:the Iraqi military and associated security forces are collectively known as the Iraqi Security Forces (ISF); the Iraqi Counterterrorism Service (CTS) includes the Iraqi Special Operations Forces (ISOF)
note 2:the PMC includes the Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF), a collection of more than 60 militias of widely varied sizes and political interests; the Iraqi Government funds the PMF and it is mandated by law to act under government control, but many of the militia units take orders from individual government officials and/or associated political parties; some militias have ties to Iran and some have been designated as terrorist organizations by the US
note 3:the federal constitution provides the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) the right to maintain its own military and security forces, known as the Kurdish Security Forces (KSF); some forces, such as the Regional Guard Brigades, are unified under the KRG's Ministry of Peshmerga Affairs, but the two main Kurdish political parties, the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), also maintain their own military forces, police, emergency response, and internal security/intelligence services

Military expenditures:158

2.5% of GDP (2024 est.)

2.5% of GDP (2023 est.)

1.8% of GDP (2022 est.)

3% of GDP (2021 est.)

3.2% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military and security service personnel strengths:159

estimated 200,000 active armed forces personnel under the Ministry of Defense (Army, Aviation Command, Air/Air Defense, Navy, Special Forces); approximately 20-25,000 National-Level Security Forces

Ministry of Peshmerga: estimated 150,000 active personnel

Popular Mobilization Forces: estimated 200,000 militia (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions:160

the Iraqi military's inventory includes a mix of equipment from a wide variety of sources, including China, several European countries, South Africa, South Korea, Russia, and the US (2024)

Military service age and obligation:161

18-40 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2023)

note:service in the armed forces was mandatory in Iraq from 1935 up until 2003; in 2021, the Iraqi cabinet approved a draft law to reinstate compulsory military service and referred the proposed law to the Iraqi parliament; as of 2023, the proposed law had been shelved

Military - note:162

the Iraqi Security Forces (ISF) are primarily focused on internal and border security; they are actively conducting counterinsurgency and counterterrorism operations against the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) terrorist group, particularly in northern and western Iraq; the operations include securing the border with Syria; the Kurdish Security Forces, as well as are also active in conducting operations against ISIS

two international military task forces operate in Iraq to assist the country's security forces at the request of the Iraqi Government; in 2018, NATO established an advisory, training and capacity-building mission for the Iraqi military known as the NATO Mission Iraq (NMI); in December 2021, the US-led Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF-OIR) transitioned from a combat role to an advise, assist, and enable role (2025)

Terrorism

Terrorist group(s):163

Ansar al-Islam; Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Qods Force; Harakat al-Nujaba (HAN); Harakat Ansar Allah al-Awfiya (HAAA); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Jaysh Rijal al-Tariq al-Naqshabandi; Kata'ib Hizballah; Kata’ib al-Imam Ali (KIA); Kata’ib Sayyid al-Shuhada (KSS); Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)

note:details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

Transnational Issues

Refugees and internally displaced persons:164

refugees:335,343 (2024 est.)
IDPs:1,201,813 (2024 est.)
stateless persons:233 (2024 est.)

Additional observations

Real GDP growth165
-2.16 % annual change (2025)
Consumer price inflation166
0.3 % annual change (2025)
Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate)167
15.49 % of labor force (2025)
Access to electricity168
100 % of population (2024)
Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption169
1.1 % (2021)
Individuals using the internet170
81.47 % of population (2024)
Government education expenditure171
3.55 % of GDP (1989)

Historical observations

Notes & sources

  1. Background. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  2. Location. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  3. Geographic coordinates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  4. Map references. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  5. Area. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. The archived total area has no reference year and territorial coverage may differ from World Bank surface area. World Bank: 435,050 square kilometers (2024). Reference: 438,317 square kilometers. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  6. Surface area. Surface area: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. The archived total area has no reference year and territorial coverage may differ from World Bank surface area. World Bank: 435,050 square kilometers (2024). Reference: 438,317 square kilometers. ↩
  7. Area - comparative. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  8. Land boundaries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  9. Coastline. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  10. Maritime claims. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  11. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  12. Terrain. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  13. Elevation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  14. Natural resources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  15. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  16. Irrigated land. Reference edition; observation: 2012. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  17. Major lakes (area sq km). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  18. Major rivers (by length in km). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  19. Major watersheds (area sq km). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  20. Major aquifers. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  21. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  22. Natural hazards. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  23. Geography - note. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  24. Population. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 47,020,774 people (2025). Reference: 42,083,436 people (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  25. Population. Population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 47,020,774 people (2025). Reference: 42,083,436 people (2024). ↩
  26. Nationality. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  27. Ethnic groups. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  28. Languages. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  29. Religions. Reference edition; observation: 2015 est.. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  30. Age structure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  31. Dependency ratios. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  32. Median age. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  33. Population growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  34. Population growth rate. Population growth rate: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  35. Birth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  36. Crude birth rate. Crude birth rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  37. Death rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  38. Crude death rate. Crude death rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  39. Net migration rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  40. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  41. Urbanization. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  42. Urban population. Urban population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  43. Major urban areas - population. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  44. Sex ratio. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  45. Maternal mortality ratio. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  46. Maternal mortality ratio. Maternal mortality ratio: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  47. Infant mortality rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  48. Infant mortality rate. Infant mortality rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  49. Life expectancy at birth. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  50. Life expectancy at birth. Life expectancy at birth: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  51. Total fertility rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  52. Total fertility rate. Total fertility rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  53. Gross reproduction rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  54. Drinking water source. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  55. At least basic drinking water services. At least basic drinking water services: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. This separately sourced basic-service observation is shown alongside the reference edition’s improved/unimproved categories. It does not replace those category totals. ↩
  56. Health expenditure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  57. Current health expenditure. Current health expenditure: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  58. Physician density. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  59. Physicians. Physicians: observation 2022; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  60. Hospital bed density. Reference edition; observation: 2021. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  61. Sanitation facility access. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  62. At least basic sanitation services. At least basic sanitation services: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. This separately sourced basic-service observation is shown alongside the reference edition’s improved/unimproved categories. It does not replace those category totals. ↩
  63. Obesity - adult prevalence rate. Reference edition; observation: 2016. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  64. Alcohol consumption per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  65. Tobacco use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  66. Children under the age of 5 years underweight. Reference edition; observation: 2018. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  67. Currently married women (ages 15-49). Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  68. Child marriage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  69. Education expenditure. Reference edition; observation: 2016. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  70. Literacy. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  71. Adult literacy rate. Adult literacy rate: observation 2021; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  72. Environmental issues. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  73. International environmental agreements. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  74. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  75. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  76. Urbanization. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  77. Carbon dioxide emissions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  78. Particulate matter emissions. Reference edition; observation: 2019. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  79. Methane emissions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  80. Waste and recycling. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  81. Total water withdrawal. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  82. Total renewable water resources. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  83. Country name. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  84. Government type. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  85. Capital. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  86. Administrative divisions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  87. Legal system. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  88. Constitution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  89. International law organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  90. Citizenship. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  91. Suffrage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  92. Executive branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  93. Legislative branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  94. Judicial branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  95. Political parties. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  96. Diplomatic representation in the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  97. Diplomatic representation from the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  98. International organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  99. Independence. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  100. National holiday. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  101. Flag. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  102. National symbol(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  103. National color(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  104. National anthem(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  105. National heritage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  106. Economic overview. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  107. Real GDP (purchasing power parity). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  108. Real GDP growth rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  109. Real GDP per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  110. GDP (official exchange rate). Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 254,367,293,538.46 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 279,641,000,000 current US dollars (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  111. GDP. GDP: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 254,367,293,538.46 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 279,641,000,000 current US dollars (2024). ↩
  112. Inflation rate (consumer prices). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  113. GDP - composition, by sector of origin. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  114. GDP - composition, by end use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  115. Agricultural products. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  116. Industries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  117. Industrial production growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  118. Labor force. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  119. Unemployment rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  120. Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  121. Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  122. Average household expenditures. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  123. Household income or consumption by percentage share. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  124. Remittances. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  125. Budget. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  126. Public debt. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  127. Taxes and other revenues. Reference edition; observation: 2019. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  128. Current account balance. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  129. Exports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  130. Exports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  131. Exports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  132. Imports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  133. Imports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  134. Imports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  135. Reserves of foreign exchange and gold. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  136. Debt - external. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  137. Exchange rates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  138. Electricity access. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  139. Electricity. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  140. Electricity generation sources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  141. Coal. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  142. Petroleum. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  143. Natural gas. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  144. Energy consumption per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  145. Telephones - fixed lines. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  146. Telephones - mobile cellular. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  147. Broadcast media. Reference edition; observation: 2019. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  148. Internet country code. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  149. Internet users. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  150. Broadband - fixed subscriptions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  151. Civil aircraft registration country code prefix. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  152. Airports. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  153. Heliports. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  154. Railways. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  155. Merchant marine. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  156. Ports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  157. Military and security forces. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  158. Military expenditures. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  159. Military and security service personnel strengths. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  160. Military equipment inventories and acquisitions. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  161. Military service age and obligation. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  162. Military - note. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  163. Terrorist group(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  164. Refugees and internally displaced persons. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-08 17:29:26 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  165. Real GDP growth. Real GDP growth: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator denotes the percentage change over each previous year of the constant price (base year 2015) series in United States dollars. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?format=json ↩
  166. Consumer price inflation. Consumer price inflation: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?format=json ↩
  167. Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate). Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate): observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. The ILO modeled estimate is not necessarily directly comparable with national unemployment measures. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?format=json ↩
  168. Access to electricity. Access to electricity: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electricity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys and international sources. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS?format=json ↩
  169. Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption. Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption: observation 2021; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Renewable energy consumption is the share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS?format=json ↩
  170. Individuals using the internet. Individuals using the internet: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Internet users are individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?format=json ↩
  171. Government education expenditure. Government education expenditure: observation 1989; checked 2026-10-29; primary source checked. World Bank World Development Indicators. Primary source checked 2026-10-29T19:55:32.835Z. provider release 2026-10-08. source organization Data API, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/resources, note: The data are obtained through the UIS API. Detailed documentation is available at: https://api.uis.unesco.org/api/public/documentation/, publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), date accessed: 2026-03-19, date published: 2026-02. definition Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP). Original provider-reported country/economy series; unchanged historical boundaries are not asserted. Checked original WDI publication and metadata, not independent corroboration. ↩
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Countries & territories

Same-year values. Equal values share a rank.

Sources & method

Ranks cover available countries and territories, using the same indicator, source unit and reference year. Unrounded source values determine ties. Coverage is not a sovereign-country or complete global ranking; national definitions may differ. Missing values and other years are excluded. The information icon preserves the original number, unit and evidence.

RankCountry or territoryValue
Source information