WTHE WORLD
FACTBOOK
← Country index

South Asia / IND

India

India flag
ⓘ

2021 Factbook flag mirror; image identity has not been individually audited. Source.

Last updated: October 29, 2026

World Bank directory: capital New Delhi · 28.6353°, 77.225° · sourceRetrieved 2026-10-29 · single source, unverified; directory metadata may be stale.
India: CIA World Factbook map from 2021; original boundary notes preserved.
ⓘCIA World Factbook map, February 2021 media edition. Identity reviewed; current boundaries have not been audited. visual contact sheet or original identity check; does not verify current boundaries Boundaries, place names and designations may be dated or disputed; original annotations retained. SHA-256: f80e8e2abe7a42b4a020c22f2621eb310382210145ef318d5d4b0f3c8ba653f7. Provenance and inspection record.

Introduction

Background:1

The Indus Valley civilization, one of the world's oldest, flourished during the 3rd and 2nd millennia B.C. and extended into northwestern India. Aryan tribes from the northwest infiltrated the Indian subcontinent about 1500 B.C.; their merger with the earlier Dravidian inhabitants created the classical Indian culture. The Maurya Empire of the 4th and 3rd centuries B.C. -- which reached its zenith under ASHOKA -- united much of South Asia. The Gupta dynasty (4th to 6th centuries A.D.) ushered in The Golden Age, which saw a flowering of Indian science, art, and culture. Islam spread across the subcontinent over a period of 700 years. In the 10th and 11th centuries, Turks and Afghans invaded India and established the Delhi Sultanate. In the early 16th century, the Emperor BABUR established the Mughal Dynasty, which ruled large sections of India for more than three centuries. European explorers began establishing footholds in India during the 16th century.

By the 19th century, Great Britain had become the dominant political power on the subcontinent, and India was seen as the "Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire. The British Indian Army played a vital role in both World Wars. Years of nonviolent resistance to British rule, led by Mohandas GANDHI and Jawaharlal NEHRU, eventually resulted in Indian independence in 1947. Large-scale communal violence took place before and after the subcontinent partition into two separate states -- India and Pakistan. The neighboring countries have fought three wars since independence, the last of which was in 1971 and resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh. India's nuclear weapons tests in 1998 emboldened Pakistan to conduct its own tests that same year. In 2008, terrorists originating from Pakistan conducted a series of coordinated attacks in Mumbai, India's financial capital. India's economic growth after economic reforms in 1991, a massive youth population, and a strategic geographic location have contributed to the country's emergence as a regional and global power. However, India still faces pressing problems such as extensive poverty, widespread corruption, and environmental degradation, and its restrictive business climate challenges economic growth expectations.

Geography

Location:2

Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan

Geographic coordinates:3

20 00 N, 77 00 E

Map references:4

Asia

Area:5

Surface area: 3,287,263 square kilometers (2024)

total:3,287,263 sq km
land:2,973,193 sq km
water:314,070 sq km

Area - comparative:7

slightly more than one-third the size of the US

Land boundaries:8

total:13,888 km
border countries (6):Bangladesh 4,142 km; Bhutan 659 km; Burma 1,468 km; China 2,659 km; Nepal 1,770 km; Pakistan 3,190 km

Coastline:9

7,000 km

Maritime claims:10

territorial sea:12 nm
contiguous zone:24 nm
exclusive economic zone:200 nm
continental shelf:200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Climate:11

varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north

Terrain:12

upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain along the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north

Elevation:13

highest point:Kanchenjunga 8,586 m
lowest point:Indian Ocean 0 m
mean elevation:160 m

Natural resources:14

coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), antimony, iron ore, lead, manganese, mica, bauxite, rare earth elements, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone, arable land

Land use:15

agricultural land:60.1% (2023 est.)
arable land:51.8% (2023 est.)
permanent crops:4.9% (2023 est.)
permanent pasture:3.4% (2023 est.)
forest:24.4% (2023 est.)
other:15.5% (2023 est.)

Irrigated land:16

754,562 sq km (2022)

Major lakes (area sq km):17

salt water lake(s):Chilika Lake - 1,170 sq km

Major rivers (by length in km):18

Brahmaputra (shared with China [s] and Bangladesh [m]) - 3,969 km; Indus (shared with China [s] and Pakistan [m]) - 3,610 km; Ganges river source (shared with Bangladesh [m]) - 2,704 km; Godavari - 1,465 km; Sutlej (shared with China [s] and Pakistan [m]) - 1,372 km; Yamuna - 1,370 km; Narmada - 1,289 km; Chenab river source (shared with Pakistan [m]) - 1,086 km ; Ghaghara river mouth (shared with China [s] and Nepal) - 1,080 km

note:[s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Major watersheds (area sq km):19

Indian Ocean drainage:Brahmaputra (651,335 sq km), Ganges (1,016,124 sq km), Indus (1,081,718 sq km), Irrawaddy (413,710 sq km)

Major aquifers:20

Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra Basin

Population distribution:21

a very high population density exists throughout most of the country, with the notable exception of the deserts in the northwest and the mountain fringe in the north; the core of the population is in the north along the banks of the Ganges, with other river valleys and southern coastal areas also having large population concentrations

Natural hazards:22

droughts; flash floods, as well as widespread and destructive flooding from monsoonal rains; severe thunderstorms; earthquakes

volcanism:Barren Island (354 m) in the Andaman Sea has been active in recent years

Geography - note:23

dominates South Asian subcontinent; near important Indian Ocean trade routes; Kanchenjunga, third tallest mountain in the world, lies on the border with Nepal

People and Society

Population:24

Population: 1,463,865,525 people (2025)

total:1,409,128,296 (2024 est.)
male:725,784,825
female:683,343,471

Nationality:26

noun:Indian(s)
adjective:Indian

Ethnic groups:27

Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, and other 3% (2000)

Languages:28

Hindi 43.6%, Bengali 8%, Marathi 6.9%, Telugu 6.7%, Tamil 5.7%, Gujarati 4.6%, Urdu 4.2%, Kannada 3.6%, Odia 3.1%, Malayalam 2.9%, Punjabi 2.7%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.1%, other 5.6%; English is the subsidiary official language but is the most important one for national, political, and commercial communication (2011 est.)

major-language sample(s):विश्व फ़ैक्टबुक, आधारभूत जानकारी का एक अनिवार्य स्रोत (Hindi)
major-language sample(s):The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
note 1:there are 22 other recognized languages -- Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu
note 2:Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language

Religions:29

Hindu 79.8%, Muslim 14.2%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.7%, other and unspecified 2% (2011 est.)

Age structure:30

0-14 years:24.5% (male 181,115,052/female 163,647,028)
15-64 years:68.7% (male 500,568,593/female 467,593,781)
65 years and over:6.8% (2024 est.) (male 44,101,180/female 52,102,662)

Dependency ratios:31

total dependency ratio:45.5 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio:35.6 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio:9.9 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio:10.1 (2024 est.)

Median age:32

total:29.8 years (2024 est.)
male:29.1 years
female:30.5 years

Population growth rate:33

Population growth rate: 0.89 % annually (2025)

0.72% (2024 est.)

Birth rate:35

Crude birth rate: 15.98 births per 1,000 people (2024)

16.2 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate:37

Crude death rate: 6.59 deaths per 1,000 people (2024)

9.1 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate:39

0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution:40

a very high population density exists throughout most of the country, with the notable exception of the deserts in the northwest and the mountain fringe in the north; the core of the population is in the north along the banks of the Ganges, with other river valleys and southern coastal areas also having large population concentrations

Urbanization:41

Urban population: 35.69 % of population (2025)

urban population:36.4% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:2.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas - population:43

32.941 million NEW DELHI (capital), 21.297 million Mumbai, 15.333 million Kolkata, 13.608 million Bangalore, 11.776 million Chennai, 10.801 million Hyderabad (2023)

Sex ratio:44

at birth:1.1 male(s)/female
0-14 years:1.11 male(s)/female
15-64 years:1.07 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.85 male(s)/female
total population:1.06 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth:45

21.2 years (2019/21)

note:data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

Maternal mortality ratio:46

Maternal mortality ratio: 80 deaths per 100,000 live births (2023)

80 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Infant mortality rate:48

Infant mortality rate: 23.3 deaths per 1,000 live births (2024)

total:30.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
male:30 deaths/1,000 live births
female:30.8 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth:50

Life expectancy at birth: 72.24 years (2024)

total population:68.2 years (2024 est.)
male:66.5 years
female:70.1 years

Total fertility rate:52

Total fertility rate: 1.96 births per woman (2024)

2.03 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Gross reproduction rate:54

0.97 (2024 est.)

Drinking water source:55

At least basic drinking water services: 95.72 % of population (2024)

improved
urban:95.8% of population (2022 est.)
rural:91.9% of population (2022 est.)
total:93.3% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved
urban:4.2% of population (2022 est.)
rural:8.1% of population (2022 est.)
total:6.7% of population (2022 est.)

Health expenditure:57

Current health expenditure: 3.34 % of GDP (2023)

Health expenditure (as % of GDP):3.3% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget):4.5% of national budget (2022 est.)

Physician density:59

Physicians: 0.72 per 1,000 people (2020)

0.72 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Hospital bed density:61

1.6 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Sanitation facility access:62

At least basic sanitation services: 83.38 % of population (2024)

improved
urban:99.4% of population (2022 est.)
rural:83% of population (2022 est.)
total:88.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved
urban:0.6% of population (2022 est.)
rural:17% of population (2022 est.)
total:11.1% of population (2022 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate:64

3.9% (2016)

Alcohol consumption per capita:65

total:3.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer:0.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine:0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits:2.85 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols:0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use:66

total:21.8% (2025 est.)
male:34.1% (2025 est.)
female:8.9% (2025 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight:67

31.5% (2020 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49):68

72.6% (2023 est.)

Child marriage:69

women married by age 15:4.8% (2021)
women married by age 18:23.3% (2021)
men married by age 18:2.6% (2021)

Education expenditure:70

Government education expenditure: 4.1 % of GDP (2022)

Education expenditure (% GDP):4.1% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget):14.2% national budget (2022 est.)

Literacy:72

Adult literacy rate: 78.16 % of people aged 15 and over (2024)

total population:81.7% (2023 est.)
male:88.3% (2023 est.)
female:74.9% (2023 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):74

total:13 years (2024 est.)
male:13 years (2024 est.)
female:13 years (2024 est.)

Environment

Environmental issues:75

deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; desertification; air pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage and agricultural pesticides; tap water not potable; growing population overstraining natural resources; biodiversity loss

International environmental agreements:76

party to:Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified:none of the selected agreements

Climate:77

varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north

Land use:78

agricultural land:60.1% (2023 est.)
arable land:51.8% (2023 est.)
permanent crops:4.9% (2023 est.)
permanent pasture:3.4% (2023 est.)
forest:24.4% (2023 est.)
other:15.5% (2023 est.)

Urbanization:79

urban population:36.4% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:2.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions:80

total emissions:2.821 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke:2.054 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids:642.909 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas:124.226 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions:81

55.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Methane emissions:82

energy:8,217.3 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture:17,971 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste:4,773.7 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other:644.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Waste and recycling:83

municipal solid waste generated annually:189.75 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled:17.8% (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal:84

municipal:56 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial:17 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural:688 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total renewable water resources:85

1.911 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Government

Country name:86

conventional long form:Republic of India
conventional short form:India
local long form:Republic of India (English)/ Bharatiya Ganarajya (Hindi)
local short form:India (English)/ Bharat (Hindi)
etymology:the English name derives from the Indus River; the Indian name, Bharat, may derive from the Bharatas tribe mentioned in the Sanskrit Vedas (Hindu religious texts); the name is also associated with Emperor Bharata, the legendary conqueror of India

Government type:87

federal parliamentary republic

Capital:88

name:New Delhi
geographic coordinates:28 36 N, 77 12 E
time difference:UTC+5.5 (10.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology:the name is of unknown origin; one theory says it may come from the Hindi word dehli (threshold), because of the city's location between the Indus and the Ganges Rivers

Administrative divisions:89

28 states and 8 union territories*; Andaman and Nicobar Islands*, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh*, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu*, Delhi*, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir*, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Ladakh*, Lakshadweep*, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Puducherry*, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal

note:the official name of Delhi is National Capital Territory of Delhi, even though it is considered a union territory

Legal system:90

common law system based on the English model; separate personal law codes apply to Muslims, Christians, and Hindus; judicial review of legislative acts

Constitution:91

history:previous 1935 (pre-independence); latest draft completed 4 November 1949, adopted 26 November 1949, effective 26 January 1950
amendment process:proposed by either the Council of States or the House of the People; passage requires majority participation of the total membership in each house and at least two-thirds majority of voting members of each house, followed by assent of the president of India; proposed amendments to the constitutional amendment procedures also must be ratified by at least one half of the India state legislatures before presidential assent

International law organization participation:92

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship:93

citizenship by birth:no
citizenship by descent only:at least one parent must be a citizen of India
dual citizenship recognized:no
residency requirement for naturalization:5 years

Suffrage:94

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:95

chief of state:President Droupadi MURMU (since 25 July 2022)
head of government:Prime Minister Narendra MODI (since 26 May 2014)
cabinet:Union Council of Ministers recommended by the prime minister, appointed by the president
election/appointment process:president indirectly elected for a 5-year term (no term limits) by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both houses of Parliament; vice president indirectly elected for a 5-year term (no term limits) by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both houses of Parliament; following legislative elections, the prime minister is elected by Lok Sabha members of the majority party
most recent election date:president: 18 July 2022
most recent election date:5 August 2022
election results
election results:Droupadi MURMU elected president; percent of electoral college vote - Droupadi MURMU (BJP) 64%, Yashwant SINHA (AITC) 35.9%; Jagdeep DHANKHAR elected vice president; percent of electoral college vote - Jagdeep DHANKHAR (BJP) 74.4%, Margaret ALVA (INC) 25.6%
election results:Ram Nath KOVIND elected president; percent of electoral college vote - Ram Nath KOVIND (BJP) 65.6%, Meira KUMAR (INC) 34.4%; Venkaiah NAIDU elected vice president; percent of electoral college vote - Venkaiah NAIDU (BJP) 67.9%, Gopal-krishna GANDHI 32.1%
expected date of next election:president: July 2027
expected date of next election:August 2027

Legislative branch:96

legislature name:Parliament (Sansad)
legislative structure:bicameral
note:in September 2023, both Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha passed a bill that reserves one third of the House seats for women; implementation could begin for the House election in 2029

Legislative branch - lower chamber:97

chamber name:House of the People (Lok Sabha)
number of seats:545 (543 directly elected; 2 appointed)
electoral system:plurality/majority
scope of elections:full renewal
term in office:5 years
most recent election date:4/19/2024 to 6/1/2024
parties elected and seats per party:Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) (240); Indian National Congress (INC) (99); Samajwadi Party (SP) (37); All India Trinamool Congress (AITC) (29); Other (138)
percentage of women in chamber:13.8%
expected date of next election:April 2029

Legislative branch - upper chamber:98

chamber name:Council of States (Rajya Sabha)
number of seats:245 (233 indirectly elected; 12 appointed)
scope of elections:partial renewal
term in office:6 years
most recent election date:1/12/2024 to 6/30/2024
percentage of women in chamber:16.7%
expected date of next election:January 2026

Judicial branch:99

highest court(s):Supreme Court (consists of 28 judges, including the chief justice)
judge selection and term of office:justices appointed by the president to serve until age 65
subordinate courts:High Courts; District Courts; Labour Court

Political parties:100

Aam Aadmi Party or AAP

All India Trinamool Congress or AITC

Bahujan Samaj Party or BSP

Bharatiya Janata Party or BJP

Biju Janata Dal or BJD

Communist Party of India-Marxist or CPI(M)

Dravida Munnetra Khazhagam

Indian National Congress or INC

Nationalist Congress Party or NCP

Rashtriya Janata Dal or RJD

Samajwadi Party or SP

Shiromani Akali Dal or SAD

Shiv Sena or SS

Telegana Rashtra Samithi or TRS

Telugu Desam Party or TDP

YSR Congress or YSRCP or YCP

Diplomatic representation in the US:101

chief of mission:Ambassador Vinay Mohan KWATRA (since 18 September 2024)
chancery:2107 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:[1] (202) 939-7000
FAX:[1] (202) 265-4351
email address and website
email address and website:hoc.washington@mea.gov.in
email address and website:https://www.indianembassyusa.gov.in/
consulate(s) general:Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, New York, San Francisco, Seattle

Diplomatic representation from the US:102

chief of mission:Ambassador-designate Sergio GOR (since 11 October 2025)
embassy:Shantipath, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi - 110021
mailing address:9000 New Delhi Place, Washington DC 20521-9000
telephone:[91] (11) 2419-8000
FAX:[91] (11) 2419-0017
email address and website
email address and website:acsnd@state.gov
email address and website:https://in.usembassy.gov/
consulate(s) general:Chennai (Madras), Hyderabad, Kolkata (Calcutta), Mumbai (Bombay)

International organization participation:103

ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIMSTEC, BIS, BRICS, C, CD, CERN (observer), CICA, CP, EAS, FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-5, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, PIF (partner), Quad, SAARC, SACEP, SCO (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Independence:104

15 August 1947 (from the UK)

National holiday:105

Republic Day, 26 January (1950)

Flag:106

description:three equal horizontal bands of saffron (top), white, and green, with a blue chakra (24-spoked wheel) centered in the white band
meaning:saffron stands for courage, sacrifice, and the spirit of renunciation; white for purity and truth; green for faith and fertility; the chakra symbolizes the wheel of life in movement and death in stagnation
note:similar to the flag of Niger, which has a small orange disk centered in the white band

National symbol(s):107

the Lion Capital of Ashoka, which depicts four Asiatic lions standing back-to-back and mounted on a circular abacus (official); Bengal tiger and lotus flower (traditional)

National color(s):108

saffron, white, green

National anthem(s):109

title:"Jana-Gana-Mana" (Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People)
lyrics/music:Rabindranath TAGORE
history:adopted 1950; Rabindranath TAGORE, a Nobel laureate, also wrote Bangladesh's national anthem

National heritage:110

total World Heritage Sites:44 (36 cultural, 7 natural, 1 mixed)
selected World Heritage Site locales:Taj Mahal (c); Agra Fort (c); Elphanta Caves (c); Hill Forts of Rajasthan (c); Sundarbans National Park (n); Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (c); Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park (c); Jaipur (c); Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya (c); Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (n); Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks (n); Khangchendzonga National Park (m); Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram (c); Sun Temple, Konârak (c); Kaziranga National Park (n); Churches and Convents of Goa (c); Great Living Chola Temples (c); Group of Monuments at Pattadakal (c); Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (c); Humayun's Tomb, Delhi (c); Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi (c); Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area (n); Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen’s Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat (c); Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda, Bihar (c); Historic City of Ahmadabad (c); Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai (c); Jaipur City, Rajasthan (c); Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana (c); Moidams – the Mound-Burial System of the Ahom Dynasty (c); Maratha Military Landscapes of India (c)

Economy

Economic overview:111

largest South Asian economy; strong, sustained GDP growth led by technology and service sectors, foreign investment, and improved regulatory framework; high poverty rate and income inequality; initiatives on infrastructure development, digitization, manufacturing, and financial access

Real GDP (purchasing power parity):112

$14.244 trillion (2024 est.)

$13.377 trillion (2023 est.)

$12.251 trillion (2022 est.)

note:data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP growth rate:113

6.5% (2024 est.)

9.2% (2023 est.)

7.6% (2022 est.)

note:annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per capita:114

$9,800 (2024 est.)

$9,300 (2023 est.)

$8,600 (2022 est.)

note:data in 2021 dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):115

GDP: 3,956,067,115,771.63 current US dollars (2025)

$3.913 trillion (2024 est.)

note:data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Inflation rate (consumer prices):117

5% (2024 est.)

5.6% (2023 est.)

6.7% (2022 est.)

note:annual % change based on consumer prices

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:118

agriculture:16.4% (2024 est.)
industry:24.5% (2024 est.)
services:49.9% (2024 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

GDP - composition, by end use:119

household consumption:61.5% (2024 est.)
government consumption:10.1% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital:29.6% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories:3% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services:21.2% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services:-23.5% (2024 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Agricultural products:120

sugarcane, rice, milk, wheat, bison milk, potatoes, vegetables, maize, bananas, onions (2023)

note:top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries:121

textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software, pharmaceuticals

Industrial production growth rate:122

5.6% (2024 est.)

note:annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force:123

607.691 million (2024 est.)

note:number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate:124

4.3% (2024 est.)

4.2% (2023 est.)

4.9% (2022 est.)

note:% of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24):125

total:16% (2024 est.)
male:15.5% (2024 est.)
female:17.6% (2024 est.)
note:% of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income:126

25.5 (2022 est.)

note:index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Average household expenditures:127

on food:29.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco:2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:128

lowest 10%:4.5% (2022 est.)
highest 10%:22.1% (2022 est.)
note:% share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

Remittances:129

3.5% of GDP (2024 est.)

3.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

3.3% of GDP (2022 est.)

note:personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Budget:130

revenues:$311.824 billion (2022 est.)
expenditures:$486.598 billion (2022 est.)
note:central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Public debt:131

46.5% of GDP (2018 est.)

note:central government debt as a % of GDP

Taxes and other revenues:132

6.7% (of GDP) (2022 est.)

note:central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Current account balance:133

-$32.428 billion (2024 est.)

-$31.962 billion (2023 est.)

-$79.051 billion (2022 est.)

note:balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exports:134

$822.046 billion (2024 est.)

$773.177 billion (2023 est.)

$767.643 billion (2022 est.)

note:balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - partners:135

USA 19%, UAE 7%, China 4%, Germany 3%, UK 3% (2023)

note:top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Exports - commodities:136

refined petroleum, packaged medicine, diamonds, broadcasting equipment, garments (2023)

note:top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports:137

$923.081 billion (2024 est.)

$859.507 billion (2023 est.)

$902.304 billion (2022 est.)

note:balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - partners:138

China 19%, Russia 10%, USA 6%, UAE 6%, Saudi Arabia 5% (2023)

note:top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Imports - commodities:139

crude petroleum, gold, coal, natural gas, integrated circuits (2023)

note:top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:140

$643.043 billion (2024 est.)

$627.793 billion (2023 est.)

$567.298 billion (2022 est.)

note:holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Debt - external:141

$212.728 billion (2023 est.)

note:present value of external debt in current US dollars

Exchange rates:142

Currency:Indian rupees (INR) per US dollar -

83.669 (2024 est.)

82.599 (2023 est.)

78.604 (2022 est.)

73.918 (2021 est.)

74.1 (2020 est.)

Energy

Electricity access:143

electrification - total population:99.2% (2022 est.)
electrification - urban areas:100%
electrification - rural areas:99.3%

Electricity:144

installed generating capacity:499.136 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption:1.5 trillion kWh (2023 est.)
exports:9.529 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports:7.843 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses:303.066 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources:145

fossil fuels:75.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
nuclear:2.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar:6.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
wind:5.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity:8.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste:1.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Nuclear energy:146

Number of operational nuclear reactors:20 (2025)
Number of nuclear reactors under construction:7 (2025)
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors:6.92GW (2025 est.)
Percent of total electricity production:3.1% (2023 est.)

Coal:147

production:1.02 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption:1.262 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
exports:1.632 million metric tons (2023 est.)
imports:243.488 million metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves:127.727 billion metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum:148

total petroleum production:822,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption:5.271 million bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves:4.605 billion barrels (2021 est.)

Natural gas:149

production:35.168 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption:62.196 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
exports:91.921 million cubic meters (2019 est.)
imports:29.337 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves:1.381 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Energy consumption per capita:150

Total energy consumption per capita 2023:25.179 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Communications

Telephones - fixed lines:151

total subscriptions:27.455 million (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:2 (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular:152

total subscriptions:1.14 billion (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:81 (2022 est.)

Broadcast media:153

Doordarshan, India's public TV network, has a monopoly on terrestrial broadcasting and operates about 20 national, regional, and local services; a large number of privately owned TV stations are distributed by cable and satellite service providers; cable and satellite TV offer over 850 TV channels; government controls AM radio, with All India Radio operating domestic and external networks; news broadcasts via radio are limited to the All India Radio Network; since 2000, privately owned FM stations have been permitted and have increased rapidly (2020)

Internet country code:154

.in

Internet users:155

percent of population:56% (2022 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions:156

total:39.3 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:2 (2022 est.)

Transportation

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix:157

VT

Airports:158

315 (2025)

Heliports:159

289 (2025)

Railways:160

total:65,554 km (2014)
narrow gauge:1,604 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge
broad gauge:63,950 km (2014) (39, 329 km electrified)

Merchant marine:161

total:1,859 (2023)
by type:bulk carrier 66, container ship 22, general cargo 607, oil tanker 144, other 1020

Ports:162

total ports:56 (2024)
large:4
medium:4
small:13
very small:30
size unknown:5
ports with oil terminals:18
key ports:Calcutta, Chennai (Madras), Jawaharlal Nehru Port (Nhava Shiva), Kattupalli Port, Kochi (Cochin), Mumbai (Bombay), New Mangalore, Vishakhapatnam

Military and Security

Military and security forces:163

Indian Armed Forces (IAF): Army, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard

Ministry of Home Affairs: Central Police Organization, Central Armed Police Forces (includes Assam Rifles, Border Security Force, Central Industrial Security Force, Central Reserve Police Force, Indo-Tibetan Border Police, National Security Guards, Sashastra Seema Bal) (2025)

note 1:the Border Security Force (BSF) is responsible for the Indo-Pakistan and Indo-Bangladesh borders; the Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB or Armed Border Force) guards the Indo-Nepal and Indo-Bhutan borders
note 2:the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) includes a Rapid Reaction Force (RAF) for riot control and the Commando Battalion for Resolute Action (COBRA) for counter-insurgency operations
note 3:the Assam Rifles are under the administrative control of the Ministry of Home Affairs, while operational control falls under the Ministry of Defense (specifically the Indian Army)

Military expenditures:164

2% of GDP (2024 est.)

2.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

2.1% of GDP (2022 est.)

2.2% of GDP (2021 est.)

2.5% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military and security service personnel strengths:165

information varies; approximately 1.5 million active Indian Armed Forces, including about 1.25 million in the Army (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions:166

much of the military's inventory consists of Russian- and Soviet-origin equipment along with a smaller, but growing mix of Western and domestically produced arms; Russia continues to be the leading provider of arms to India, although in recent years India has increased acquisitions from other suppliers, including France, Israel, and the US; India's defense industry is capable of producing a range of air, land, missile, and naval weapons systems for both domestic use and export; it also produces weapons systems under license (2024)

Military service age and obligation:167

ages vary by service, but generally 16.5-27 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; no conscription (2023)

note 1:in 2022, the Indian Government began recruiting men aged 17.5-21 annually to serve on 4-year contracts; at the end of their tenure, 25% would be retained for longer terms of service, while the remainder would be forced to leave the military, although some of those leaving would be eligible to serve in the Coast Guard, the Merchant Navy, civilian positions in the Ministry of Defense, and in the paramilitary forces of the Ministry of Home Affairs
note 2:as of 2023, women made up less than 1% of the Army, about 1% of the Air Force, and about 6% of the Navy
note 3:the Indian military accepts citizens of Nepal and Bhutan; descendants of refugees from Tibet who arrived before 1962 and have resided permanently in India; peoples of Indian origin from nations such as Burma, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Uganda, and Vietnam with the intention of permanently settling in India; eligible candidates from “friendly foreign nations” may apply to the Armed Forces Medical Services
note 4:the British began to recruit Nepalese citizens (Gurkhas) into the East India Company Army during the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814-1816), and the Gurkhas subsequently were brought into the British Indian Army; following the partition of India in 1947, an agreement between Nepal, India, and Great Britain allowed for the transfer of the 10 regiments from the British Indian Army to the separate British and Indian armies; six regiments of Gurkhas (aka Gorkhas in India) regiments went to the new Indian Army; a seventh regiment was later added

Military deployments:168

1,100 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 200 Golan Heights (UNDOF); 900 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 2,400 South Sudan (UNMISS); 600 Sudan (UNISFA) (2025)

note:India has over 6,000 total military and police personnel deployed on UN missions

Military - note:169

the Indian military's primary mission is external/territorial defense while secondary missions include regional power projection, UN peacekeeping deployments, humanitarian operations, and support to internal security forces; it participates in multinational exercises and is one of the world's largest contributors to UN peacekeeping operations

the military's chief external focuses are China and Pakistan; the short 1962 Sino-India War left in place one of the World’s longest disputed international borders--known as the Line of Actual Control (LAC)--resulting in occasional standoffs between Indian and Chinese security forces, including lethal clashes in 1975 and 2020; naval competition and influence in the Indian Ocean is also an area of interest

India has fought four wars and several skirmishes with Pakistan; three of the wars have been over the disputed region of Jammu and Kashmir, the status of which has been unsettled since the UK's 1947 withdrawal and the partition and independence of India and Pakistan; a fragile cease-fire in Kashmir was reached in 2003, revised in 2018, and reaffirmed in 2021, although the militarized Line of Control which serves as the border remains contested, and India has accused Pakistan of backing armed separatists and terrorist organizations in Jammu and Kashmir where Indian military and security forces have conducted counterinsurgency operations since the 1980s; in the Spring of 2025, India held Pakistan responsible for a terrorist attack in India-controlled Kashmir and retaliated, sparking a brief cross-border conflict involving aircraft, artillery, drone, and missile strikes

the Kashmir dispute also includes the Siachen Glacier, located in the Karakoram Mountain Range, which was seized by India in 1984 with Pakistan attempting to retake the area several times between 1985 and 1995; despite the 2003 cease-fire, both sides continue to maintain a permanent military presence there with outposts at altitudes above 20,000 feet (over 6,000 meters) where most casualties are due to extreme weather and the hazards of operating in the high mountain terrain of the world’s highest conflict, including avalanches, exposure, and altitude sickness (2025)

Space

Space agency/agencies:170

Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO; originally established in 1962 as the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR); renamed ISRO in 1969); Defense Space Agency (DSA; established 2019) (2025)

note:the ISRO is subordinate to the Department of Space (DOS; established 1972)

Space launch site(s):171

Satish Dhawan Space Center (aka Sriharikota Range; located in Andhra Pradesh); Vikram Sarabhai Space Center (Kerala) (2025)

Space program overview:172

has one of the world’s largest space programs; designs, builds, launches, operates, and tracks the full spectrum of satellites, including communications, navigation, remote sensing (RS), and scientific/technology; designs, builds, and launches rockets, space/satellite launch vehicles (SLVs), and lunar/interplanetary probes; launches satellites for foreign partners; researching and developing additional technologies and capabilities; developing astronaut program and human flight capabilities (with assistance from Russia and the US); has space-related agreements with the ESA and more than 50 countries, including China, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, and the US; participates in international projects such as the Square Kilometer Array radio telescope; the Department of Space administers two government-controlled space industry corporations; has a growing private space sector (2025)

Key space-program milestones:173

1963 - first sounding (research) rocket launched

1975 - first domestically made scientific satellite (Aryabhata) launched by Soviet Union

1979 - first experimental remote sensing (RS) satellite (Bhaskara-I) launched by Soviet Union

1980 - first successful launch of satellite (Rohini) on Indian satellite launch vehicle (SLV)

1984 - first Indian in space on a Soviet rocket

1988 - first operational RS satellite (IRS-1A) launched by Soviet Union

1994 - first successful launch of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), India’s premier SLV

2008 - first lunar orbiter/probe (Chandrayaan-1) launched, reached lunar orbit, and sent a probe to the surface of the Moon

2014 - first interplanetary probe (Mangalyaan) reached orbit around Mars

2018 - Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (INRSS) became operational

2019 - launched lunar orbiter/probe (Chandrayaan-2) with lander and rover (lander lost when it crash-landed on Moon’s surface)

2023 - successfully landed uncrewed lander/rover mission (Chandrayaan-3) on Moon's surface

2024 - launched satellite (XPoSat) to study black holes and placed solar observatory spacecraft (Aditya-L1) in orbital position to study the Sun

2025 - first docking of two orbiting satellites and sent its first astronaut to the International Space Station

Terrorism

Terrorist group(s):174

al-Qa’ida; al-Qa’ida in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS); Harakat ul-Mujahidin; Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami (HUJI); Hizbul Mujahideen; Indian Mujahedeen; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) – India (ISI); Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM); Lashkar-e Tayyiba (LeT); Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Qods Force; The Resistance Front (TRF)

note:details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

Transnational Issues

Refugees and internally displaced persons:175

refugees:250,006 (2024 est.)
IDPs:642,610 (2024 est.)
stateless persons:23,262 (2024 est.)

Illicit drugs:176

USG identification
USG identification:major illicit drug-producing and/or drug-transit country
USG identification:major precursor-chemical producer (2025)

Additional observations

Real GDP growth177
7.57 % annual change (2025)
Consumer price inflation178
2.4 % annual change (2025)
Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate)179
4.22 % of labor force (2025)
Access to electricity180
99.9 % of population (2024)
Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption181
34.9 % (2021)
Individuals using the internet182
70 % of population (2025)

Historical observations

Notes & sources

  1. Background. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  2. Location. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  3. Geographic coordinates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  4. Map references. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  5. Area. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. The archived total area has no reference year and territorial coverage may differ from World Bank surface area. World Bank: 3,287,263 square kilometers (2024). Reference: 3,287,263 square kilometers. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  6. Surface area. Surface area: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. The archived total area has no reference year and territorial coverage may differ from World Bank surface area. World Bank: 3,287,263 square kilometers (2024). Reference: 3,287,263 square kilometers. ↩
  7. Area - comparative. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  8. Land boundaries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  9. Coastline. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  10. Maritime claims. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  11. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  12. Terrain. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  13. Elevation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  14. Natural resources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  15. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  16. Irrigated land. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  17. Major lakes (area sq km). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  18. Major rivers (by length in km). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  19. Major watersheds (area sq km). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  20. Major aquifers. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  21. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  22. Natural hazards. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  23. Geography - note. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  24. Population. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 1,463,865,525 people (2025). Reference: 1,409,128,296 people (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  25. Population. Population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 1,463,865,525 people (2025). Reference: 1,409,128,296 people (2024). ↩
  26. Nationality. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  27. Ethnic groups. Reference edition; observation: 2000. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  28. Languages. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  29. Religions. Reference edition; observation: 2011 est.. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  30. Age structure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  31. Dependency ratios. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  32. Median age. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  33. Population growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  34. Population growth rate. Population growth rate: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  35. Birth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  36. Crude birth rate. Crude birth rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  37. Death rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  38. Crude death rate. Crude death rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  39. Net migration rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  40. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  41. Urbanization. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  42. Urban population. Urban population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  43. Major urban areas - population. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  44. Sex ratio. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  45. Mother's mean age at first birth. Reference edition; observation: 2019/21. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  46. Maternal mortality ratio. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  47. Maternal mortality ratio. Maternal mortality ratio: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  48. Infant mortality rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  49. Infant mortality rate. Infant mortality rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  50. Life expectancy at birth. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  51. Life expectancy at birth. Life expectancy at birth: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  52. Total fertility rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  53. Total fertility rate. Total fertility rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  54. Gross reproduction rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  55. Drinking water source. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  56. At least basic drinking water services. At least basic drinking water services: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. This separately sourced basic-service observation is shown alongside the reference edition’s improved/unimproved categories. It does not replace those category totals. ↩
  57. Health expenditure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  58. Current health expenditure. Current health expenditure: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  59. Physician density. Reference edition; observation: 2020. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  60. Physicians. Physicians: observation 2020; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  61. Hospital bed density. Reference edition; observation: 2021. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  62. Sanitation facility access. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  63. At least basic sanitation services. At least basic sanitation services: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. This separately sourced basic-service observation is shown alongside the reference edition’s improved/unimproved categories. It does not replace those category totals. ↩
  64. Obesity - adult prevalence rate. Reference edition; observation: 2016. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  65. Alcohol consumption per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  66. Tobacco use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  67. Children under the age of 5 years underweight. Reference edition; observation: 2020. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  68. Currently married women (ages 15-49). Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  69. Child marriage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  70. Education expenditure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  71. Government education expenditure. Government education expenditure: observation 2022; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  72. Literacy. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  73. Adult literacy rate. Adult literacy rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  74. School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  75. Environmental issues. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  76. International environmental agreements. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  77. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  78. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  79. Urbanization. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  80. Carbon dioxide emissions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  81. Particulate matter emissions. Reference edition; observation: 2019. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  82. Methane emissions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  83. Waste and recycling. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  84. Total water withdrawal. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  85. Total renewable water resources. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  86. Country name. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  87. Government type. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  88. Capital. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  89. Administrative divisions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  90. Legal system. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  91. Constitution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  92. International law organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  93. Citizenship. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  94. Suffrage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  95. Executive branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  96. Legislative branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  97. Legislative branch - lower chamber. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  98. Legislative branch - upper chamber. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  99. Judicial branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  100. Political parties. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  101. Diplomatic representation in the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  102. Diplomatic representation from the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  103. International organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  104. Independence. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  105. National holiday. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  106. Flag. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  107. National symbol(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  108. National color(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  109. National anthem(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  110. National heritage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  111. Economic overview. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  112. Real GDP (purchasing power parity). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  113. Real GDP growth rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  114. Real GDP per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  115. GDP (official exchange rate). Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 3,956,067,115,771.63 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 3,913,000,000,000 current US dollars (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  116. GDP. GDP: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 3,956,067,115,771.63 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 3,913,000,000,000 current US dollars (2024). ↩
  117. Inflation rate (consumer prices). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  118. GDP - composition, by sector of origin. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  119. GDP - composition, by end use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  120. Agricultural products. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  121. Industries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  122. Industrial production growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  123. Labor force. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  124. Unemployment rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  125. Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  126. Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  127. Average household expenditures. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  128. Household income or consumption by percentage share. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  129. Remittances. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  130. Budget. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  131. Public debt. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  132. Taxes and other revenues. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  133. Current account balance. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  134. Exports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  135. Exports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  136. Exports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  137. Imports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  138. Imports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  139. Imports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  140. Reserves of foreign exchange and gold. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  141. Debt - external. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  142. Exchange rates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  143. Electricity access. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  144. Electricity. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  145. Electricity generation sources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  146. Nuclear energy. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  147. Coal. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  148. Petroleum. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  149. Natural gas. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  150. Energy consumption per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  151. Telephones - fixed lines. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  152. Telephones - mobile cellular. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  153. Broadcast media. Reference edition; observation: 2020. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  154. Internet country code. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  155. Internet users. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  156. Broadband - fixed subscriptions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  157. Civil aircraft registration country code prefix. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  158. Airports. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  159. Heliports. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  160. Railways. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  161. Merchant marine. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  162. Ports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  163. Military and security forces. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  164. Military expenditures. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  165. Military and security service personnel strengths. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  166. Military equipment inventories and acquisitions. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  167. Military service age and obligation. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  168. Military deployments. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  169. Military - note. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  170. Space agency/agencies. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  171. Space launch site(s). Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  172. Space program overview. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  173. Key space-program milestones. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  174. Terrorist group(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  175. Refugees and internally displaced persons. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  176. Illicit drugs. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:02:20 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  177. Real GDP growth. Real GDP growth: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator denotes the percentage change over each previous year of the constant price (base year 2015) series in United States dollars. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?format=json ↩
  178. Consumer price inflation. Consumer price inflation: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?format=json ↩
  179. Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate). Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate): observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. The ILO modeled estimate is not necessarily directly comparable with national unemployment measures. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?format=json ↩
  180. Access to electricity. Access to electricity: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electricity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys and international sources. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS?format=json ↩
  181. Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption. Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption: observation 2021; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Renewable energy consumption is the share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS?format=json ↩
  182. Individuals using the internet. Individuals using the internet: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Internet users are individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?format=json ↩
Source policy ↗Back to top ↑

Countries & territories

Same-year values. Equal values share a rank.

Sources & method

Ranks cover available countries and territories, using the same indicator, source unit and reference year. Unrounded source values determine ties. Coverage is not a sovereign-country or complete global ranking; national definitions may differ. Missing values and other years are excluded. The information icon preserves the original number, unit and evidence.

RankCountry or territoryValue
Source information