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Latin America & Caribbean / ECU

Ecuador

Ecuador flag
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2021 Factbook flag mirror; image identity has not been individually audited. Source.

Last updated: October 29, 2026

World Bank directory: capital Quito · -0.229498°, -78.5243° · sourceRetrieved 2026-10-29 · single source, unverified; directory metadata may be stale.
Ecuador: CIA World Factbook map from 2021; original boundary notes preserved.
ⓘCIA World Factbook map, February 2021 media edition. Identity reviewed; current boundaries have not been audited. visual contact sheet or original identity check; does not verify current boundaries Boundaries, place names and designations may be dated or disputed; original annotations retained. SHA-256: ae05bd232ca298f946b61441d4b389fd7549bf534494ec5643b59f1fe0b98d3f. Provenance and inspection record.

Introduction

Background:1

What is now Ecuador formed part of the northern Inca Empire until the Spanish conquest in 1533. Quito -- the traditional name for the area -- became a seat of Spanish colonial government in 1563 and part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada in 1717. The territories of the Viceroyalty -- New Granada (Colombia), Venezuela, and Quito -- gained their independence between 1819 and 1822 and formed a federation known as Gran Colombia. When Quito withdrew to become an independent republic in 1830, the traditional name was changed to the "Republic of the Equator." Between 1904 and 1942, Ecuador lost territories in a series of conflicts with its neighbors. A border war with Peru that flared in 1995 was resolved in 1999. Although Ecuador has had nearly 50 years of civilian governance, the period has been marked by political instability.

Geography

Location:2

Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru

Geographic coordinates:3

2 00 S, 77 30 W

Map references:4

South America

Area:5

Surface area: 256,370 square kilometers (2024)

total:283,561 sq km
land:276,841 sq km
water:6,720 sq km
note:includes Galapagos Islands

Area - comparative:7

slightly smaller than Nevada

Land boundaries:8

total:2,237 km
border countries (2):Colombia 708 km; Peru 1529 km

Coastline:9

2,237 km

Maritime claims:10

territorial sea:12 nm
exclusive economic zone:200 nm
continental shelf:200 nm
note:Ecuador has declared its right to extend its continental shelf to 350 nm, measured from the baselines of the Galapagos Archipelago

Climate:11

tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands

Terrain:12

coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente)

Elevation:13

highest point:Chimborazo 6,267
lowest point:Pacific Ocean 0 m
mean elevation:1,117 m
note:because the earth is not a perfect sphere and has an equatorial bulge, the highest point on the planet farthest from its center is Mount Chimborazo not Mount Everest, which is merely the highest peak above sea level

Natural resources:14

petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower

Land use:15

agricultural land:21.5% (2023 est.)
arable land:4.1% (2023 est.)
permanent crops:5.6% (2023 est.)
permanent pasture:11.8% (2023 est.)
forest:49.8% (2023 est.)
other:28.6% (2023 est.)

Irrigated land:16

12,520 sq km (2022)

Major watersheds (area sq km):17

Atlantic Ocean drainage:Amazon (6,145,186 sq km)

Population distribution:18

nearly half of the population is concentrated in the interior, with large concentrations also found along the western coastal strip; the rainforests of the east remain sparsely populated

Natural hazards:19

frequent earthquakes; landslides; volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts

volcanism:volcanic activity concentrated along the Andes Mountains; Sangay (5,230 m) is mainland Ecuador's most active volcano; other historically active volcanoes in the Andes include Antisana, Cayambe, Chacana, Cotopaxi, Guagua Pichincha, Reventador, Sumaco, and Tungurahua; Fernandina (1,476 m), a shield volcano, is the most active of the many Galapagos volcanoes; other historically active Galapagos volcanoes include Wolf, Sierra Negra, Cerro Azul, Pinta, Marchena, and Santiago

Geography - note:20

Cotopaxi in the Andes is highest active volcano in world

People and Society

Population:21

Population: 18,289,896 people (2025)

total:18,309,984 (2024 est.)
male:9,023,170
female:9,286,814

Nationality:23

noun:Ecuadorian(s)
adjective:Ecuadorian

Ethnic groups:24

Mestizo (mixed Indigenous and White) 77.5%, Montubio 7.7%, Indigenous 7.7%, White 2.2%, Afroecuadorian 2%, Mulatto 1.4%, Black 1.3%, other 0.1% (2022 est.)

Languages:25

Spanish (Castilian; official) 98.6%, indigenous 3.9% (Quechua 3.2%, other indigenous 0.7%), foreign 2.8%, other 0.6% (includes Ecuadorian sign language) (2022 est.)

major-language sample(s)
major-language sample(s):La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)
major-language sample(s):The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
note 1:shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census
note 2:Quechua and Shuar are official languages of intercultural relations; other indigenous languages are in official use by indigenous peoples in the areas they inhabit

Religions:26

Roman Catholic 68.2%, Protestant 19% (Evangelical 18.3%, Adventist 0.6%, other Protestant 0.2%), Jehovah's Witness 1.4%, other 2.3%, none 8.2% don't know/no response 1% (2023 est.)

Age structure:27

0-14 years:26.8% (male 2,505,729/female 2,395,198)
15-64 years:64.1% (male 5,771,234/female 5,972,938)
65 years and over:9.1% (2024 est.) (male 746,207/female 918,678)

Dependency ratios:28

total dependency ratio:55.9 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio:41.7 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio:14.2 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio:7.1 (2024 est.)

Median age:29

total:28 years (2024 est.)
male:27 years
female:28.9 years

Population growth rate:30

Population growth rate: 0.85 % annually (2025)

0.94% (2024 est.)

Birth rate:32

Crude birth rate: 14.82 births per 1,000 people (2024)

17.7 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate:34

Crude death rate: 5.21 deaths per 1,000 people (2024)

7.2 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate:36

-1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution:37

nearly half of the population is concentrated in the interior, with large concentrations also found along the western coastal strip; the rainforests of the east remain sparsely populated

Urbanization:38

Urban population: 63.39 % of population (2025)

urban population:64.8% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:1.62% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas - population:40

3.142 million Guayaquil, 1.957 million QUITO (capital) (2023)

Sex ratio:41

at birth:1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years:1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years:0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.81 male(s)/female
total population:0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio:42

Maternal mortality ratio: 55 deaths per 100,000 live births (2023)

55 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Infant mortality rate:44

Infant mortality rate: 10.9 deaths per 1,000 live births (2024)

total:11.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
male:12.2 deaths/1,000 live births
female:10.2 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth:46

Life expectancy at birth: 77.58 years (2024)

total population:74.9 years (2024 est.)
male:69.7 years
female:80.4 years

Total fertility rate:48

Total fertility rate: 1.81 births per woman (2024)

2.21 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Gross reproduction rate:50

1.08 (2024 est.)

Drinking water source:51

At least basic drinking water services: 92.07 % of population (2024)

improved
urban:100% of population (2022 est.)
rural:87.9% of population (2022 est.)
total:95.7% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved
urban:0% of population (2022 est.)
rural:12.1% of population (2022 est.)
total:4.3% of population (2022 est.)

Health expenditure:53

Current health expenditure: 7.56 % of GDP (2023)

Health expenditure (as % of GDP):8.3% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget):11.9% of national budget (2022 est.)

Physician density:55

Physicians: 2.31 per 1,000 people (2020)

2.31 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Hospital bed density:57

1.3 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Sanitation facility access:58

At least basic sanitation services: 91.2 % of population (2024)

improved
urban:100% of population (2022 est.)
rural:98.2% of population (2022 est.)
total:99.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved
urban:0% of population (2022 est.)
rural:1.8% of population (2022 est.)
total:0.6% of population (2022 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate:60

19.9% (2016)

Alcohol consumption per capita:61

total:3.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer:2.32 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine:0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits:0.61 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols:0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use:62

total:9.7% (2025 est.)
male:17.2% (2025 est.)
female:2.4% (2025 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight:63

4.9% (2024 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49):64

55.1% (2023 est.)

Child marriage:65

women married by age 15:3.8% (2018)
women married by age 18:22.2% (2018)

Education expenditure:66

Government education expenditure: 3.69 % of GDP (2024)

Education expenditure (% GDP):3.9% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget):15.5% national budget (2025 est.)

Literacy:68

Adult literacy rate: 93.49 % of people aged 15 and over (2024)

total population:96.3% (2022 est.)
male:96.8% (2022 est.)
female:95.7% (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):70

total:15 years (2022 est.)
male:14 years (2022 est.)
female:15 years (2022 est.)

Environment

Environmental issues:71

deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution; pollution from oil production wastes in areas of the Amazon Basin and Galapagos Islands

International environmental agreements:72

party to:Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified:none of the selected agreements

Climate:73

tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands

Land use:74

agricultural land:21.5% (2023 est.)
arable land:4.1% (2023 est.)
permanent crops:5.6% (2023 est.)
permanent pasture:11.8% (2023 est.)
forest:49.8% (2023 est.)
other:28.6% (2023 est.)

Urbanization:75

urban population:64.8% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:1.62% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions:76

total emissions:38.286 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke:39,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids:37.711 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas:536,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions:77

17.3 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Methane emissions:78

energy:454.3 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture:346.3 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste:210.1 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other:2.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Waste and recycling:79

municipal solid waste generated annually:5.297 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled:28% (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal:80

municipal:1.293 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial:549 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural:8.076 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total renewable water resources:81

442.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Geoparks:82

total global geoparks and regional networks:3 (2025)
global geoparks and regional networks:Imbabura: Napo Sumaco; Tungurahua (2025)

Government

Country name:83

conventional long form:Republic of Ecuador
conventional short form:Ecuador
local long form:República del Ecuador
local short form:Ecuador
former:Quito
etymology:the name is the Spanish word for "equator," referring to its geographic position

Government type:84

presidential republic

Capital:85

name:Quito
geographic coordinates:0 13 S, 78 30 W
time difference:UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
time zone note:Ecuador has two time zones, including the Galapagos Islands (UTC-6)
etymology:named after the Quitu, a Pre-Columbian people who lived in the area; the meaning of their name is unknown

Administrative divisions:86

24 provinces ( provincias , singular - provincia ); Azuay, Bolivar, Cañar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Galapagos, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Manabí, Morona Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Pichincha, Santa Elena, Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Sucumbios, Tungurahua, Zamora Chinchipe

Legal system:87

civil law based on the Chilean civil code with modifications; traditional law in ethnic communities

Constitution:88

history:many previous; latest approved 20 October 2008
amendment process:proposed by the president of the republic through a referendum, by public petition of at least 1% of registered voters, or by agreement of at least one-third membership of the National Assembly; passage requires two separate readings a year apart and approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, and approval by absolute majority in a referendum; amendments such as changes to the structure of the state, constraints on personal rights and guarantees, or constitutional amendment procedures are not allowed

International law organization participation:89

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship:90

citizenship by birth:yes
citizenship by descent only:yes
dual citizenship recognized:no
residency requirement for naturalization:3 years

Suffrage:91

18-65 years of age; universal and compulsory; voluntary for 16-18, over 65, and other eligible voters

Executive branch:92

chief of state:President Daniel NOBOA Azin (since 23 November 2023)
head of government:President Daniel NOBOA Azin (since 23 November 2023)
cabinet:Cabinet appointed by the president
election/appointment process:president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term)
most recent election date:9 February 2025, with a runoff on 13 April 2025
election results
election results:Daniel NOBOA Azin reelected president; percent of vote in the first round - Daniel NOBOA Azin (ADN) 44.2%, Luisa GONZÁLEZ Alcivar (MRC) 44%, Leonidas IZA (MUPP) 5.3%, other 6.5%; percent of vote in the second round - Daniel NOBOA Azin 55.6%, Luisa GONZÁLEZ Alcivar 44.4%
election results:2023: Daniel NOBOA Azin elected president; percent of vote in the first round - Luisa GONZÁLEZ Alcivar (MRC) 33.6%, Daniel NOBOA Azin (ADN) 23.5%, Christian Gustavo ZURITA Ron (Construye) 16.4%, Jan Tomislav TOPIĆ Feraud (Por Un País Sin Miedo) 14.7%, Otto Ramón SONNENHOLZNER Sper (Avanza) 7.1%, other 4.7%; percent of vote in the second round - Daniel NOBOA Azin 51.8%, Luisa GONZÁLEZ Alcivar 48.2%
election results:Guillermo LASSO Mendoza elected president; percent of vote in the first round - Andres ARAUZ (UNES) 32.7%, Guillermo LASSO Mendoza (CREO) 19.7%, Yaku PEREZ Guartambel (MUPP) 19.4%, Xavier HERVAS Mora (ID) 15.7%, other 12.5%; percent of vote in the second round - Guillermo LASSO Mendoza (CREO) 52.5%, Andres ARAUZ (UNES) 47.5%
expected date of next election:28 February 2029
note 1:the president is both chief of state and head of government
note 2:though eligible for a second term, former president Guillermo LASSO announced that he would not run in the 2023 election; President Daniel NOBOA Azin is serving out the remainder of the presidential term (2021–2025)

Legislative branch:93

legislature name:National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional)
legislative structure:unicameral
number of seats:151 (all directly elected)
electoral system:proportional representation
scope of elections:full renewal
term in office:4 years
most recent election date:2/9/2025
parties elected and seats per party:Citizen Revolution Movement (RC) - Renewal Movement (RETO) (67); National Democratic Action (ADN) (66); Pachakutik (9); Other (9)
percentage of women in chamber:45%
expected date of next election:February 2029
note 1:all Assembly members have alternates from the same party who cast votes when a primary member is absent, resigns, or is removed from office
note 2:on 18 May 2023, Ecuador’s National Electoral Council announced that the legislative and presidential elections - originally scheduled for February 2025 - would be held on 20 August 2023 after President Guillermo LASSO dissolved the National Assembly by decree on 17 May 2023; a return to a regular election cycle will occur in February 2025

Judicial branch:94

highest court(s):National Court of Justice or Corte Nacional de Justicia (consists of 21 judges, including the chief justice and organized into 5 specialized chambers); Constitutional Court or Corte Constitucional (consists of the court president and 8 judges)
judge selection and term of office:candidates for the National Court of Justice evaluated and appointed justices by the Judicial Council, a 9-member independent body of law professionals; justices elected for 9-year, non-renewable terms, with one third of the membership renewed every 3 years; candidates for the Constitutional Court evaluated and appointed judges by a 6-member independent body of law professionals; judges appointed for 4-year renewable terms
subordinate courts:provincial courts (one for each province except Galapagos); fiscal, criminal, and administrative tribunals; Election Dispute Settlement Courts; cantonal courts

Political parties:95

Actuemos Ecuador or Actuemos

AMIGO movement , Independent Mobilizing Action Generating Opportunities (Movimiento AMIGO (Acción Movilizadora Independiente Generando Oportunidades)) or AM16O

Avanza Party or AVANZA

Central Democratic Movement or CD

Citizen Revolution Movement or MRC or RC5

Creating Opportunities Movement or CREO

Democratic Left or ID

Democracy Yes Movement (Movimiento Democracia Si)

For A Country Without Fear (Por Un País Sin Miedo) (an alliance including PSC, CD, and PSP)

Green Movement (Movimiento Verde)

Movimiento Construye or Construye

National Democratic Action (Acción Democrática Nacional) or ADN

Pachakutik Plurinational Unity Movement or MUPP

Patriotic Society Party or PSP

People, Equality, and Democracy Party (Partido Pueblo, Igualdad y Democracia) or PID

Popular Unity Party (Partido Unidad Popular) or UP

Revolutionary and Democratic Ethical Green Movement (Movimiento Verde Ético Revolucionario y Democrático) or MOVER

Social Christian Party or PSC

Socialist Party

Society United for More Action or SUMA

Total Renovation Movement ( Movimiento Renovacion Total) or RETO

Diplomatic representation in the US:96

chief of mission:Ambassador Pablo Agustín ZAMBRANO Albuja (since 24 July 2025)
chancery:2535 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone:[1] (202) 234-7200
FAX:[1] (202) 333-2893
email address and website
email address and website:eecuusanotifications@mmrree.gob.ec
email address and website:Contact – Washington (cancilleria.gob.ec)
consulate(s) general:Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis (MN), New Haven (CT), New York, Newark (NJ), Phoenix, San Juan (PR)

Diplomatic representation from the US:97

chief of mission:Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Lawrence PETRONI (since 17 April 2025)
embassy:E12-170 Avenida Avigiras y Avenida Eloy Alfaro, Quito
mailing address:3420 Quito Place, Washington DC 20521-3420
telephone:[593] (2) 398-5000
email address and website
email address and website:ACSQuito@state.gov
email address and website:https://ec.usembassy.gov/
consulate(s) general:Guayaquil

International organization participation:98

CAN, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, OPEC, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, PROSUR, SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Independence:99

24 May 1822 (from Spain)

National holiday:100

Independence Day (independence of Quito), 10 August (1809)

Flag:101

description:three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double-width), blue, and red, with the coat of arms at the center of the flag
meaning:yellow stands for sunshine, grain, and mineral wealth; blue for the sky, sea, and rivers; red for patriots' blood spilled in the struggle for freedom and justice
note:similar to the flag of Colombia, which is shorter and does not have a coat of arms

National symbol(s):102

Andean condor

National color(s):103

yellow, blue, red

National anthem(s):104

title:"Salve, O Patria!" (We Salute You, Our Homeland)
lyrics/music:Juan Leon MERA/Antonio NEUMANE
history:adopted 1948; MERA wrote the lyrics in 1865; only the chorus and second verse are sung

National heritage:105

total World Heritage Sites:5 (3 cultural, 2 natural)
selected World Heritage Site locales:Historic Quito (c); Galápagos Islands (n); Historic Cuenca (c); Qhapaq Ñan/Andean Road System (c); Sangay National Park (n)

Economy

Economic overview:106

highly informal South American economy; USD currency user; major banana exporter; hard hit by COVID-19; macroeconomic fragility from oil dependency; successful debt restructuring; China funding budget deficits; social unrest hampering economic activity

Real GDP (purchasing power parity):107

$252.728 billion (2024 est.)

$257.889 billion (2023 est.)

$252.861 billion (2022 est.)

note:data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP growth rate:108

-2% (2024 est.)

2% (2023 est.)

5.9% (2022 est.)

note:annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per capita:109

$13,900 (2024 est.)

$14,300 (2023 est.)

$14,200 (2022 est.)

note:data in 2021 dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):110

GDP: 130,320,560,400 current US dollars (2025)

$124.676 billion (2024 est.)

note:data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Inflation rate (consumer prices):112

1.5% (2024 est.)

2.2% (2023 est.)

3.5% (2022 est.)

note:annual % change based on consumer prices

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:113

agriculture:9.5% (2024 est.)
industry:26.5% (2024 est.)
services:57.2% (2024 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

GDP - composition, by end use:114

household consumption:64.9% (2024 est.)
government consumption:13.3% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital:18.4% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories:0.1% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services:30.3% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services:-26.9% (2024 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Agricultural products:115

bananas, sugarcane, milk, oil palm fruit, maize, rice, plantains, chicken, pineapples, cocoa beans (2023)

note:top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries:116

petroleum, food processing, textiles, wood products, chemicals

Industrial production growth rate:117

-3.7% (2024 est.)

note:annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force:118

8.821 million (2024 est.)

note:number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate:119

4.8% (2024 est.)

3.6% (2023 est.)

3.8% (2022 est.)

note:% of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24):120

total:10.1% (2024 est.)
male:8.3% (2024 est.)
female:13% (2024 est.)
note:% of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Population below poverty line:121

26% (2023 est.)

note:% of population with income below national poverty line

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income:122

44.6 (2023 est.)

note:index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Average household expenditures:123

on food:25.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco:0.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:124

lowest 10%:1.6% (2023 est.)
highest 10%:33.2% (2023 est.)
note:% share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

Remittances:125

5.2% of GDP (2024 est.)

4.5% of GDP (2023 est.)

4.1% of GDP (2022 est.)

note:personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Budget:126

revenues:$35.962 billion (2022 est.)
expenditures:$35.969 billion (2022 est.)
note:central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Public debt:127

43.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Taxes and other revenues:128

13.1% (of GDP) (2022 est.)

note:central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Current account balance:129

$7.082 billion (2024 est.)

$2.217 billion (2023 est.)

$2.136 billion (2022 est.)

note:balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exports:130

$38.468 billion (2024 est.)

$35.687 billion (2023 est.)

$36.588 billion (2022 est.)

note:balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - partners:131

USA 22%, China 21%, Panama 12%, Japan 3%, Peru 3% (2023)

note:top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Exports - commodities:132

crude petroleum, shellfish, bananas, fish, gold (2023)

note:top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports:133

$33.97 billion (2024 est.)

$35.421 billion (2023 est.)

$36.644 billion (2022 est.)

note:balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - partners:134

USA 27%, China 20%, Colombia 7%, Brazil 4%, Peru 4% (2023)

note:top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Imports - commodities:135

refined petroleum, coal tar oil, cars, packaged medicine, plastics (2023)

note:top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:136

$6.908 billion (2024 est.)

$4.442 billion (2023 est.)

$8.459 billion (2022 est.)

note:holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Debt - external:137

$39.658 billion (2023 est.)

note:present value of external debt in current US dollars

Exchange rates:138

the US dollar became Ecuador's currency in 2001

Energy

Electricity access:139

electrification - total population:100% (2022 est.)

Electricity:140

installed generating capacity:8.438 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption:29.305 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports:192 million kWh (2023 est.)
imports:466 million kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses:5.119 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources:141

fossil fuels:23.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar:0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
wind:0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity:75.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste:1.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Coal:142

consumption:14,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
exports:200 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports:14,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves:24 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum:143

total petroleum production:480,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption:272,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves:8.273 billion barrels (2021 est.)

Natural gas:144

production:271.053 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption:271.053 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves:10.902 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Energy consumption per capita:145

Total energy consumption per capita 2023:35.7 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Communications

Telephones - fixed lines:146

total subscriptions:1.434 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:8 (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular:147

total subscriptions:18.2 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:97 (2022 est.)

Broadcast media:148

956 media outlets, of which 89% are private, 5% are public, and 6% belong to small communities; government controls most of the 44 public media stations, including national media and multiple local radio stations; most media outlets are concentrated in Guayas and Pichincha (2022)

Internet country code:149

.ec

Internet users:150

percent of population:77% (2024 est.)

according to 2021 statistics from Ecuador's Ministry of Telecommunications and Information Society, 50% of homes do not have access to fixed internet

Broadband - fixed subscriptions:151

total:2.89 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:16 (2023 est.)

Transportation

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix:152

HC

Airports:153

317 (2025)

Heliports:154

28 (2025)

Railways:155

total:965 km (2022)
narrow gauge:965 km (2022) 1.067-m gauge
note:passenger service limited to certain sections of track, mostly for tourist trains

Merchant marine:156

total:154 (2023)
by type:container ship 1, general cargo 8, oil tanker 28, other 117

Ports:157

total ports:6 (2024)
large:0
medium:0
small:2
very small:4
ports with oil terminals:5
key ports:Esmeraldas, Guayaquil, La Libertad, Manta, Puerto Bolivar, Puerto Maritimo de Guayaquil

Military and Security

Military and security forces:158

Ecuadorian Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas del Ecuador): Ground Force (Fuerza Terrestre), Naval Force (Fuerza Naval; includes naval infantry, naval aviation, coast guard), Ecuadorian Air Force (Fuerza Aérea Ecuatoriana) (2025)

note:the National Police of Ecuador (Policía Nacional del Ecuador) is under the Ministry of Government/Interior

Military expenditures:159

2.2% of GDP (2024 est.)

2.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

2.2% of GDP (2022 est.)

2.4% of GDP (2021 est.)

2.3% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military and security service personnel strengths:160

approximately 40,000 active Ecuadorian Armed Forces (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions:161

the military's inventory includes a diverse mix of older and smaller quantities of more modern equipment derived from a variety of sources such as Brazil, China, France, Italy, Germany, Russia/Soviet-Union, Spain, Turkey, the UK, and the US (2024)

Military service age and obligation:162

18-22 years of age for selective conscript military service for men, although conscription was suspended in 2008; 18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 12-month service obligation (2023)

note:in 2022, women made up an estimated 3-4% of the military

Military - note:163

the military is responsible for preserving Ecuador’s national sovereignty and defending the integrity of the state; it also has some domestic security responsibilities and may complement police operations in maintaining public order if required; the military shares responsibility for border enforcement with the National Police; it participates in bilateral and multinational training exercises and has sent troops on UN peacekeeping missions; the military has defense ties to regional countries, such as Chile, Colombia, and Peru

border conflicts with Peru dominated the military’s focus until the late 1990s and border security remains a priority, but in more recent years, security challenges have included counterinsurgency and counternarcotics operations, particularly in the northern border area where violence and other criminal activity related to terrorism, insurgency, and narco-trafficking in Colombia, as well as refugees from Venezuela, have spilled over the border; the military has established a joint service task force for counterinsurgency and counternarcotics operations and boosted troop deployments along those borders; other missions include countering illegal mining, smuggling, and maritime piracy; since 2012, the Ecuadorian Government has expanded the military’s role in general public security and domestic crime operations, in part due to rising violence, police corruption, and police ineffectiveness; in 2024, Ecuador passed a constitutional amendment formally authorizing the military to participate in complementary security roles such as supporting law enforcement in high-risk areas, conducting joint operations against organized crime, and providing logistical assistance in maintaining public order

the military ruled the country from 1963-1966 and 1972-1979, and supported a dictatorship in 1970-1972; during the 1980s, the military remained loyal to the civilian government, but civilian-military relations were at times tenuous, and the military had considerable autonomy from civilian oversight; it was involved in coup attempts in 2000 and 2010 (2025)

Space

Space agency/agencies:164

Ecuadorian Civilian Space Agency (EXA; a civilian independent research and development institution in charge of the administration and execution of Ecuador’s space program, established 2007) (2025)

Space program overview:165

has a small program focused on acquiring and manufacturing satellites; builds scientific satellites; conducts research and develops some space-related technologies; has relationships with China and Russia's space agencies and industries, as well as the Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency and its member states (2025)

Key space-program milestones:166

2007 - an Ecuadorian completed a suborbital astronaut training program provided by Russia

2013 - first two domestically designed and built scientific/technology demonstrator satellites (NEE-01/Pegasus, NEE-02/Krysaor) launched by China and Russia

2021 - signed accords for the Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency

2023 - signed US-led Artemis Accords for space exploration

Terrorism

Terrorist group(s):167

Los Choneros; Los Lobos

Transnational Issues

Refugees and internally displaced persons:168

refugees:30,241 (2024 est.)
IDPs:57,402 (2024 est.)

Illicit drugs:169

USG identification
USG identification:major illicit drug-producing and/or drug-transit country
USG identification:major precursor-chemical producer (2025)

Additional observations

Real GDP growth170
3.73 % annual change (2025)
Consumer price inflation171
0.71 % annual change (2025)
Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate)172
3.31 % of labor force (2025)
Access to electricity173
98.5 % of population (2024)
Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption174
18.9 % (2021)
Individuals using the internet175
77.17 % of population (2024)

Historical observations

Notes & sources

  1. Background. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  2. Location. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  3. Geographic coordinates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  4. Map references. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  5. Area. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. The archived total area has no reference year and territorial coverage may differ from World Bank surface area. World Bank: 256,370 square kilometers (2024). Reference: 283,561 square kilometers. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  6. Surface area. Surface area: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. The archived total area has no reference year and territorial coverage may differ from World Bank surface area. World Bank: 256,370 square kilometers (2024). Reference: 283,561 square kilometers. ↩
  7. Area - comparative. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  8. Land boundaries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  9. Coastline. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  10. Maritime claims. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  11. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  12. Terrain. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  13. Elevation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  14. Natural resources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  15. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  16. Irrigated land. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  17. Major watersheds (area sq km). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  18. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  19. Natural hazards. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  20. Geography - note. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  21. Population. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 18,289,896 people (2025). Reference: 18,309,984 people (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  22. Population. Population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 18,289,896 people (2025). Reference: 18,309,984 people (2024). ↩
  23. Nationality. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  24. Ethnic groups. Reference edition; observation: 2022 est.. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  25. Languages. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  26. Religions. Reference edition; observation: 2023 est.. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  27. Age structure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  28. Dependency ratios. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  29. Median age. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  30. Population growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  31. Population growth rate. Population growth rate: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  32. Birth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  33. Crude birth rate. Crude birth rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  34. Death rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  35. Crude death rate. Crude death rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  36. Net migration rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  37. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  38. Urbanization. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  39. Urban population. Urban population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  40. Major urban areas - population. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  41. Sex ratio. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  42. Maternal mortality ratio. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  43. Maternal mortality ratio. Maternal mortality ratio: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  44. Infant mortality rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  45. Infant mortality rate. Infant mortality rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  46. Life expectancy at birth. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  47. Life expectancy at birth. Life expectancy at birth: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  48. Total fertility rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  49. Total fertility rate. Total fertility rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  50. Gross reproduction rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  51. Drinking water source. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  52. At least basic drinking water services. At least basic drinking water services: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. This separately sourced basic-service observation is shown alongside the reference edition’s improved/unimproved categories. It does not replace those category totals. ↩
  53. Health expenditure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  54. Current health expenditure. Current health expenditure: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  55. Physician density. Reference edition; observation: 2020. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  56. Physicians. Physicians: observation 2020; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  57. Hospital bed density. Reference edition; observation: 2021. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  58. Sanitation facility access. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  59. At least basic sanitation services. At least basic sanitation services: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. This separately sourced basic-service observation is shown alongside the reference edition’s improved/unimproved categories. It does not replace those category totals. ↩
  60. Obesity - adult prevalence rate. Reference edition; observation: 2016. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  61. Alcohol consumption per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  62. Tobacco use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  63. Children under the age of 5 years underweight. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  64. Currently married women (ages 15-49). Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  65. Child marriage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  66. Education expenditure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  67. Government education expenditure. Government education expenditure: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  68. Literacy. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  69. Adult literacy rate. Adult literacy rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  70. School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  71. Environmental issues. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  72. International environmental agreements. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  73. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  74. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  75. Urbanization. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  76. Carbon dioxide emissions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  77. Particulate matter emissions. Reference edition; observation: 2019. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  78. Methane emissions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  79. Waste and recycling. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  80. Total water withdrawal. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  81. Total renewable water resources. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  82. Geoparks. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  83. Country name. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  84. Government type. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  85. Capital. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  86. Administrative divisions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  87. Legal system. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  88. Constitution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  89. International law organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  90. Citizenship. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  91. Suffrage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  92. Executive branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  93. Legislative branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  94. Judicial branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  95. Political parties. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  96. Diplomatic representation in the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  97. Diplomatic representation from the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  98. International organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  99. Independence. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  100. National holiday. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  101. Flag. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  102. National symbol(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  103. National color(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  104. National anthem(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  105. National heritage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  106. Economic overview. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  107. Real GDP (purchasing power parity). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  108. Real GDP growth rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  109. Real GDP per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  110. GDP (official exchange rate). Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 130,320,560,400 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 124,676,000,000 current US dollars (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  111. GDP. GDP: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 130,320,560,400 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 124,676,000,000 current US dollars (2024). ↩
  112. Inflation rate (consumer prices). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  113. GDP - composition, by sector of origin. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  114. GDP - composition, by end use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  115. Agricultural products. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  116. Industries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  117. Industrial production growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  118. Labor force. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  119. Unemployment rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  120. Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  121. Population below poverty line. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  122. Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  123. Average household expenditures. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  124. Household income or consumption by percentage share. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  125. Remittances. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  126. Budget. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  127. Public debt. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  128. Taxes and other revenues. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  129. Current account balance. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  130. Exports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  131. Exports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  132. Exports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  133. Imports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  134. Imports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  135. Imports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  136. Reserves of foreign exchange and gold. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  137. Debt - external. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  138. Exchange rates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  139. Electricity access. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  140. Electricity. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  141. Electricity generation sources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  142. Coal. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  143. Petroleum. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  144. Natural gas. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  145. Energy consumption per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  146. Telephones - fixed lines. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  147. Telephones - mobile cellular. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  148. Broadcast media. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  149. Internet country code. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  150. Internet users. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  151. Broadband - fixed subscriptions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  152. Civil aircraft registration country code prefix. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  153. Airports. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  154. Heliports. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  155. Railways. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  156. Merchant marine. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  157. Ports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  158. Military and security forces. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  159. Military expenditures. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  160. Military and security service personnel strengths. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  161. Military equipment inventories and acquisitions. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  162. Military service age and obligation. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  163. Military - note. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  164. Space agency/agencies. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  165. Space program overview. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  166. Key space-program milestones. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  167. Terrorist group(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  168. Refugees and internally displaced persons. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  169. Illicit drugs. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:57:42 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  170. Real GDP growth. Real GDP growth: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator denotes the percentage change over each previous year of the constant price (base year 2015) series in United States dollars. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?format=json ↩
  171. Consumer price inflation. Consumer price inflation: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?format=json ↩
  172. Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate). Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate): observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. The ILO modeled estimate is not necessarily directly comparable with national unemployment measures. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?format=json ↩
  173. Access to electricity. Access to electricity: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electricity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys and international sources. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS?format=json ↩
  174. Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption. Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption: observation 2021; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Renewable energy consumption is the share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS?format=json ↩
  175. Individuals using the internet. Individuals using the internet: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Internet users are individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?format=json ↩
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Countries & territories

Same-year values. Equal values share a rank.

Sources & method

Ranks cover available countries and territories, using the same indicator, source unit and reference year. Unrounded source values determine ties. Coverage is not a sovereign-country or complete global ranking; national definitions may differ. Missing values and other years are excluded. The information icon preserves the original number, unit and evidence.

RankCountry or territoryValue
Source information