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Europe & Central Asia / CZE

Czechia

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2021 Factbook flag mirror; image identity has not been individually audited. Source.

Last updated: October 29, 2026

World Bank directory: capital Prague · 50.0878°, 14.4205° · sourceRetrieved 2026-10-29 · single source, unverified; directory metadata may be stale.
Czechia: CIA World Factbook map from 2021; original boundary notes preserved.
ⓘCIA World Factbook map, February 2021 media edition. Identity reviewed; current boundaries have not been audited. visual contact sheet or original identity check; does not verify current boundaries Boundaries, place names and designations may be dated or disputed; original annotations retained. SHA-256: 309ce1f5029256d75e2c8b60c75d52a292928679474d3812a2cf8c75d105f184. Provenance and inspection record.

Introduction

Background:1

At the close of World War I, the Czechs and Slovaks of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire merged to form Czechoslovakia, a parliamentarian democracy. During the interwar years, having rejected a federal system, the new country's predominantly Czech leaders were frequently preoccupied with meeting the increasingly strident demands of other ethnic minorities within the republic, most notably the Slovaks, the Sudeten Germans, and the Ruthenians (Ukrainians). On the eve of World War II, Nazi Germany occupied the territory that today comprises Czechia, and Slovakia became an independent state allied with Germany. After the war, a reunited but truncated Czechoslovakia (less Ruthenia) fell within the Soviet sphere of influence when the pro-Soviet Communist party staged a coup in February 1948. In 1968, an invasion by fellow Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create "socialism with a human face," ushering in a period of repression known as "normalization." The peaceful "Velvet Revolution" swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a nonviolent "velvet divorce" into its two national components, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004. The country formally added the short-form name Czechia in 2016, while also continuing to use the full form name, the Czech Republic.

Geography

Location:2

Central Europe, between Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria

Geographic coordinates:3

49 45 N, 15 30 E

Map references:4

Europe

Area:5

Surface area: 78,871.42 square kilometers (2024)

total:78,867 sq km
land:77,247 sq km
water:1,620 sq km

Area - comparative:7

about two-thirds the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than South Carolina

Land boundaries:8

total:2,046 km
border countries (4):Austria 402 km; Germany 704 km; Poland 699 km; Slovakia 241 km

Coastline:9

0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims:10

none (landlocked)

Climate:11

temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters

Terrain:12

Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country

Elevation:13

highest point:Snezka 1,602 m
lowest point:Labe (Elbe) River 115 m
mean elevation:433 m

Natural resources:14

hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber, arable land

Land use:15

agricultural land:45.8% (2023 est.)
arable land:32.7% (2023 est.)
permanent crops:0.5% (2023 est.)
permanent pasture:12.5% (2023 est.)
forest:38.2% (2023 est.)
other:16% (2023 est.)

Irrigated land:16

220 sq km (2022)

Major rivers (by length in km):17

Labe (Elbe) river source (shared with Germany [m]) - 1,252 km

note:[s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Major watersheds (area sq km):18

Atlantic Ocean drainage:(Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)

Population distribution:19

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, but the northern and eastern regions tend to have larger urban concentrations

Natural hazards:20

flooding

Geography - note:21

note 1:landlocked; strategically located on some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe
note 2:the Hranice Abyss in Czechia is the world's deepest surveyed freshwater cave at 519 m (1,703 ft); its survey is not complete, and it may be up to 800-1,200 m (2,625-3,937 ft) deep

People and Society

Population:22

Population: 10,886,878 people (2025)

total:10,837,890 (2024 est.)
male:5,335,737
female:5,502,153

Nationality:24

noun:Czech(s)
adjective:Czech

Ethnic groups:25

Czech 57.3%, Moravian 3.4%, other 7.7%, unspecified 31.6% (2021 est.)

note:includes only persons with one ethnicity

Languages:26

Czech (official) 88.4%, Slovak 1.5%, other 2.6%, unspecified 7.2% (2021 est.)

major-language sample(s)
major-language sample(s):World Factbook, nepostradatelný zdroj základních informací. (Czech)
major-language sample(s):The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
note:includes only persons with one mother tongue

Religions:27

Roman Catholic 7%, other believers belonging to a church or religious society 6% (includes Evangelical United Brethren Church and Czechoslovak Hussite Church), believers unaffiliated with a religious society 9.1%, none 47.8%, unspecified 30.1% (2021 est.)

Age structure:28

0-14 years:15.7% (male 871,303/female 826,896)
15-64 years:63.8% (male 3,542,298/female 3,373,127)
65 years and over:20.5% (2024 est.) (male 922,136/female 1,302,130)

Dependency ratios:29

total dependency ratio:56.7 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio:24.6 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio:32.2 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio:3.1 (2024 est.)

Median age:30

total:44.2 years (2024 est.)
male:42.7 years
female:45.7 years

Population growth rate:31

Population growth rate: -0.17 % annually (2025)

0.04% (2024 est.)

Birth rate:33

Crude birth rate: 7.7 births per 1,000 people (2024)

9.8 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate:35

Crude death rate: 10.3 deaths per 1,000 people (2024)

12 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate:37

2.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution:38

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, but the northern and eastern regions tend to have larger urban concentrations

Urbanization:39

Urban population: 72.88 % of population (2025)

urban population:74.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas - population:41

1.323 million PRAGUE (capital) (2023)

Sex ratio:42

at birth:1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years:1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years:1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.71 male(s)/female
total population:0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth:43

28.5 years (2020 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio:44

Maternal mortality ratio: 3 deaths per 100,000 live births (2023)

3 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Infant mortality rate:46

Infant mortality rate: 2.1 deaths per 1,000 live births (2024)

total:2.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
male:2.7 deaths/1,000 live births
female:2.4 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth:48

Life expectancy at birth: 79.98 years (2024)

total population:78.6 years (2024 est.)
male:75.6 years
female:81.8 years

Total fertility rate:50

Total fertility rate: 1.36 births per woman (2024)

1.73 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Gross reproduction rate:52

0.85 (2024 est.)

Drinking water source:53

At least basic drinking water services: 98.73 % of population (2024)

improved
urban:99.9% of population (2022 est.)
rural:99.8% of population (2022 est.)
total:99.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved
urban:0.1% of population (2022 est.)
rural:0.2% of population (2022 est.)
total:0.1% of population (2022 est.)

Health expenditure:55

Current health expenditure: 8.51 % of GDP (2024)

Health expenditure (as % of GDP):9.5% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget):16.7% of national budget (2022 est.)

Physician density:57

Physicians: 4.35 per 1,000 people (2022)

4.35 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Hospital bed density:59

6.6 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Sanitation facility access:60

At least basic sanitation services: 99.07 % of population (2024)

improved
urban:100% of population (2022 est.)
rural:100% of population (2022 est.)
total:100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved
urban:0% of population (2022 est.)
rural:0% of population (2022 est.)
total:0% of population (2022 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate:62

26% (2016)

Alcohol consumption per capita:63

total:12.73 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer:6.77 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine:2.73 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits:3.24 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols:0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use:64

total:26.8% (2025 est.)
male:30.8% (2025 est.)
female:23% (2025 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49):65

48.4% (2023 est.)

Education expenditure:66

Government education expenditure: 4.3 % of GDP (2022)

Education expenditure (% GDP):4.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget):10% national budget (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):68

total:17 years (2022 est.)
male:16 years (2022 est.)
female:18 years (2022 est.)

Environment

Environmental issues:69

air and water pollution (including acid rain) in areas of northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia around Ostrava; pollution from industry, mining, and agriculture

International environmental agreements:70

party to:Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified:none of the selected agreements

Climate:71

temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters

Land use:72

agricultural land:45.8% (2023 est.)
arable land:32.7% (2023 est.)
permanent crops:0.5% (2023 est.)
permanent pasture:12.5% (2023 est.)
forest:38.2% (2023 est.)
other:16% (2023 est.)

Urbanization:73

urban population:74.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions:74

total emissions:79.901 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke:41.667 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids:25.707 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas:12.527 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions:75

15 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Waste and recycling:76

municipal solid waste generated annually:5.335 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled:37.3% (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal:77

municipal:626 million cubic meters (2022)
industrial:776 million cubic meters (2022)
agricultural:44 million cubic meters (2022)

Total renewable water resources:78

13.15 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Geoparks:79

total global geoparks and regional networks:1
global geoparks and regional networks:Bohemian Paradise (2023)

Government

Country name:80

conventional long form:Czech Republic
conventional short form:Czechia
local long form:Ceska republika
local short form:Cesko
etymology:name derives from the Czechs, a West Slavic tribe who rose to prominence in the late 9th century A.D.; the tribal name is said to come from an ancestral chief

Government type:81

parliamentary republic

Capital:82

name:Prague
geographic coordinates:50 05 N, 14 28 E
time difference:UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time:+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology:the name may derive from the old Slavic word "praga" or "prah," meaning "threshold;" it could also be related to the same Slavic root word as the modern Czech "pražiti," a term for woodland cleared by burning

Administrative divisions:83

13 regions ( kraje , singular - kraj ) and 1 capital city* ( hlavni mesto ); Jihocesky (South Bohemia), Jihomoravsky (South Moravia), Karlovarsky (Karlovy Vary), Kralovehradecky (Hradec Kralove), Liberecky (Liberec), Moravskoslezsky (Moravia-Silesia), Olomoucky (Olomouc), Pardubicky (Pardubice), Plzensky (Pilsen), Praha (Prague)*, Stredocesky (Central Bohemia), Ustecky (Usti), Vysocina (Highlands), Zlinsky (Zlin)

Legal system:84

new civil code enacted in 2014, replacing civil code of 1964 based on former Austro-Hungarian civil codes and socialist theory

Constitution:85

history:previous 1960; latest ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993
amendment process:passage requires at least three-fifths concurrence of members present in both houses of Parliament

International law organization participation:86

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship:87

citizenship by birth:no
citizenship by descent only:at least one parent must be a citizen of Czechia
dual citizenship recognized:no
residency requirement for naturalization:5 years

Suffrage:88

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:89

chief of state:President Petr PAVEL (since 9 March 2023)
head of government:Prime Minister Andrej BABIS (since 9 December 2025)
cabinet:Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
election/appointment process:president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms); prime minister appointed by the president for a 4-year term
most recent election date:13-14 January 2023, with a second round on 27-28 January 2023
election results
election results:2023: Petr PAVEL elected in the second round; percent of vote in the first round - Petr PAVEL (independent) 35.4%, Andrej BABIS (ANO) 35 % , Danuse NERUDOVA (Mayors and Independents) 13.9%, Pavel FISCHER (independent) 6.8%; percent of vote in the second round - Petr PAVEL 58.3%, Andrej BABIS 41.6%
election results:2018: Milos ZEMAN reelected president in the second round; percent of vote - Milos ZEMAN (SPO) 51.4%, Jiri DRAHOS (independent) 48.6%
expected date of next election:by January 2028

Legislative branch:90

legislature name:Parliament (Parlament)
legislative structure:bicameral

Legislative branch - lower chamber:91

chamber name:Chamber of Deputies (Poslanecka Snemovna)
number of seats:200 (all directly elected)
electoral system:proportional representation
scope of elections:full renewal
term in office:4 years
most recent election date:10/3/2025 to 10/4/2025
parties elected and seats per party:ANO (80); SPOLU (52); Mayors and independents (STAN) (22); Czech Pirate Party (18); Freedom and Direct Democracy (SPD) (15); Motoristé sobě (AUTO) (13)
percentage of women in chamber:33.5%
expected date of next election:October 2029

Legislative branch - upper chamber:92

chamber name:Senate (Senat)
number of seats:81 (all directly elected)
electoral system:plurality/majority
scope of elections:partial renewal
term in office:6 years
most recent election date:9/20/2024 to 9/28/2024
parties elected and seats per party:Civic Democratic Party (ODS) (8); Christian Democratic Union - Czechoslovak People's Party (KDU - CSL) (7); TOP 09 (3); ANO 2011 (3); Independents (2); Other (4)
percentage of women in chamber:21.3%
expected date of next election:September 2026

Judicial branch:93

highest court(s):Supreme Court (organized into Civil Law and Commercial Division, and Criminal Division each with a court chief justice, vice justice, and several judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 15 justices); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 36 judges, including the court president and vice president, and organized into 6-, 7-, and 9-member chambers)
judge selection and term of office:Supreme Court judges proposed by the Chamber of Deputies and appointed by the president; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate; judges appointed for 10-year, renewable terms; Supreme Administrative Court judges selected by the president of the Court; unlimited terms
subordinate courts:High Court; regional and district courts

Political parties:94

Action of Dissatisfied Citizens or ANO ( Akce nespokojených občanů)

Christian and Democratic Union - Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-ČSL

Civic Democratic Party or ODS

Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSČM

Czech Pirate Party or Piráti

ForMOST or ProMOST

Freedom and Direct Democracy or SPD

Independents or NEZ

Mayors and Independents or STAN

Mayors for the Liberec Region or SLK

Přísaha

Senator 21 or SEN 21

Social Democracy SOCDEM

Svobodni

Tradition Responsibility Prosperity 09 or TOP 09

Tábor 2020 or T2020

United Democrats - Association of Independents or SD-SN

Diplomatic representation in the US:95

chief of mission:Ambassador Miloslav STAŠEK (since 16 September 2022)
chancery:3900 Spring of Freedom Street NW, Washington, DC 20008-3803
telephone:[1] (202) 274-9100
FAX:[1] (202) 966-8540
email address and website
email address and website:washington@embassy.mzv.cz
email address and website:https://www.mzv.cz/washington/
consulate(s) general:Chicago, Los Angeles, New York

Diplomatic representation from the US:96

chief of mission:Ambassador Nicholas MERRICK (since 23 October 2025)
embassy:Trziste 15, 118 01 Praha 1 - Mala Strana
mailing address:5630 Prague Place, Washington DC 20521-5630
telephone:[420] 257-022-000
FAX:[420] 257-022-809
email address and website
email address and website:ACSPrg@state.gov
email address and website:https://cz.usembassy.gov/

International organization participation:97

Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Independence:98

1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)

note:although 1 January is the day the Czech Republic came into being, the Czechs commemorate 28 October 1918, the day the former Czechoslovakia declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as their independence day

National holiday:99

Czechoslovak Founding Day, 28 October (1918)

Flag:100

description:two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the left side
note:combines the white and red of Bohemia with blue from the arms of Moravia; identical to the flag of the former Czechoslovakia

National symbol(s):101

silver (or white) double-tailed rampant lion

National color(s):102

white, red, blue

National anthem(s):103

title:"Kde domov muj?" (Where is My Home?)
lyrics/music:Josef Kajetan TYL/Frantisek Jan SKROUP
history:adopted 1993; the anthem was originally written as incidental music for the play "Fidlovacka" (1834), but it soon became popular as an unofficial anthem of the Czech nation; its first verse served as the official Czechoslovak anthem beginning in 1918, and the second verse (Slovak) was dropped after Czechoslovakia was dissolved in 1993

National heritage:104

total World Heritage Sites:17 (16 cultural, 1 natural)
selected World Heritage Site locales:Historic Prague (c); Historic Telč (c); Historic Český Krumlov (c); Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape (c); Historic Kutná Hora (c); Holy Trinity Column, Olomouc (c); Karlovy Vary Spa (c); Zatec and the Landscape of Saaz Hops; Žatec and the Landscape of Saaz Hops (n)

Economy

Economic overview:105

high-income, diversified EU economy; manufacturing-oriented exporter led by automotive industry; moderate growth driven by household consumption and investments, despite negative contribution from net exports; tight labor market with low unemployment; gained energy independence from Russian oil in April 2025

Real GDP (purchasing power parity):106

$521.928 billion (2024 est.)

$516.145 billion (2023 est.)

$516.431 billion (2022 est.)

note:data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP growth rate:107

1.1% (2024 est.)

-0.1% (2023 est.)

2.8% (2022 est.)

note:annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per capita:108

$48,000 (2024 est.)

$47,500 (2023 est.)

$48,400 (2022 est.)

note:data in 2021 dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):109

GDP: 391,026,962,800.48 current US dollars (2025)

$345.037 billion (2024 est.)

note:data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Inflation rate (consumer prices):111

2.4% (2024 est.)

10.7% (2023 est.)

15.1% (2022 est.)

note:annual % change based on consumer prices

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:112

agriculture:1.5% (2024 est.)
industry:30.2% (2024 est.)
services:59.5% (2024 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

GDP - composition, by end use:113

household consumption:44% (2023 est.)
government consumption:19.7% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital:27.3% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories:0.7% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services:69% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services:-64% (2023 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Agricultural products:114

wheat, sugar beets, milk, barley, rapeseed, potatoes, maize, triticale, pork, chicken (2023)

note:top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries:115

motor vehicles, metallurgy, machinery and equipment, glass, armaments

Industrial production growth rate:116

-1% (2024 est.)

note:annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force:117

5.541 million (2024 est.)

note:number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate:118

2.6% (2024 est.)

2.6% (2023 est.)

2.3% (2022 est.)

note:% of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24):119

total:8.4% (2024 est.)
male:8.2% (2024 est.)
female:8.6% (2024 est.)
note:% of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Population below poverty line:120

10.2% (2021 est.)

note:% of population with income below national poverty line

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income:121

25.9 (2022 est.)

note:index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Average household expenditures:122

on food:15.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco:7.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:123

lowest 10%:3.8% (2022 est.)
highest 10%:21.8% (2022 est.)
note:% share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

Remittances:124

1.2% of GDP (2024 est.)

1.2% of GDP (2023 est.)

1.4% of GDP (2022 est.)

note:personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Budget:125

revenues:$94.01 billion (2022 est.)
expenditures:$106.07 billion (2022 est.)
note:central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Public debt:126

36.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

Taxes and other revenues:127

12.6% (of GDP) (2022 est.)

note:central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Current account balance:128

$6.047 billion (2024 est.)

-$432.727 million (2023 est.)

-$13.644 billion (2022 est.)

note:balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exports:129

$239.259 billion (2024 est.)

$236.103 billion (2023 est.)

$219.419 billion (2022 est.)

note:balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - partners:130

Germany 29%, Slovakia 7%, Poland 6%, France 5%, UK 5% (2023)

note:top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Exports - commodities:131

cars, vehicle parts/accessories, broadcasting equipment, computers, plastic products (2023)

note:top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports:132

$216.741 billion (2024 est.)

$219.09 billion (2023 est.)

$216.042 billion (2022 est.)

note:balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - partners:133

Germany 22%, China 17%, Poland 8%, Slovakia 5%, Italy 4% (2023)

note:top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Imports - commodities:134

broadcasting equipment, vehicle parts/accessories, cars, plastic products, computers (2023)

note:top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:135

$146.281 billion (2024 est.)

$148.379 billion (2023 est.)

$139.981 billion (2022 est.)

note:holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Exchange rates:136

Currency:koruny (CZK) per US dollar -

23.217 (2024 est.)

22.198 (2023 est.)

23.357 (2022 est.)

21.678 (2021 est.)

23.21 (2020 est.)

Energy

Electricity access:137

electrification - total population:100% (2022 est.)

Electricity:138

installed generating capacity:21.802 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption:63.628 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports:22.648 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports:13.465 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses:3.012 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources:139

fossil fuels:45.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
nuclear:40.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar:4.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
wind:0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity:2.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste:7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Nuclear energy:140

Number of operational nuclear reactors:6 (2025)
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors:3.96GW (2025 est.)
Percent of total electricity production:40% (2023 est.)

Coal:141

production:31.946 million metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption:33.239 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports:2.128 million metric tons (2023 est.)
imports:4.09 million metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves:3.595 billion metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum:142

total petroleum production:4,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption:219,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves:15 million barrels (2021 est.)

Natural gas:143

production:163.333 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption:6.499 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports:6.812 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves:3.964 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Energy consumption per capita:144

Total energy consumption per capita 2023:136.306 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Communications

Telephones - fixed lines:145

total subscriptions:1.197 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:11 (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular:146

total subscriptions:13.6 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:128 (2022 est.)

Broadcast media:147

22 national TV stations, with 17 privately owned; publicly operated Czech Television has 5 national channels; over 350 TV channels, many through cable, satellite, and IPTV subscription services; 63 radio broadcasters operate over 80 radio stations, including 7 multiregional radio stations or networks; publicly owned broadcaster Czech Radio operates 4 national, 14 regional, and 4 Internet stations; both Czech Radio and Czech Television are partly financed through a license fee (2019)

Internet country code:148

.cz

Internet users:149

percent of population:86% (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions:150

total:4.1 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:38 (2023 est.)

Transportation

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix:151

OK

Airports:152

252 (2025)

Heliports:153

107 (2025)

Railways:154

total:9,548 km (2020) 3,242 km electrified

Military and Security

Military and security forces:155

Czech Armed Forces: Land Forces, Air Force, Special Forces (2025)

also has Cyber Command, Territorial Command, Operations Command, plus commands for Land Forces and Air Forces

Military expenditures:156

2% of GDP (2025 est.)

2.1% of GDP (2024 est.)

1.5% of GDP (2023 est.)

1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)

1.4% of GDP (2021 est.)

Military and security service personnel strengths:157

approximately 30,000 active-duty military personnel (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions:158

the Czech military has a mix of domestically produced, Soviet-era, and more recently acquired modern weapons and equipment from such suppliers as Austria, Germany, Sweden, and the US; its domestic defense industry has produced such items as armored combat vehicles and light attack aircraft; during the Cold War, Czechoslovakia was a major producer of tanks, armored personnel carriers, military trucks, and trainer aircraft (2024)

note:in 2019, Czechia announced a modernization plan to acquire more Western equipment that was compliant with NATO standards, including armored vehicles, fighter aircraft, and helicopters

Military service age and obligation:159

18-28 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription abolished 2004 (2024)

note:as of 2023, women comprised nearly 14% of the military's full-time personnel

Military deployments:160

up to 130 Lithuania (NATO); 130 Slovakia (NATO) (2024)

Military - note:161

the Czech military is responsible for national and territorial defense, assisting civil authorities during natural disasters or other emergencies, boosting border security alongside the police, participating in international peacekeeping operations, and supporting its collective security commitments to the EU and NATO, both of which Czechia considers pillars of its national security strategy; Czechia is a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, contributes to UN peacekeeping operations, and actively participates in EU military and security missions under the EU Common Security and Defense Policy; the Czech military has been an active member of NATO since the country joined in 2009 and participates in a variety of NATO’s collective defense missions, including contributing to the Enhanced Forward Presence in Eastern Europe, Baltic Air Policing operations, rapid response forces, and operations in Kosovo; it also exercises regularly with NATO partners and maintains close bilateral ties to a number of militaries particularly partner members of the Visegrad Group (Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) and Germany

the military has commands for its land, air, cyber/information operations, and territorial forces, as well as a joint operations command and a separate special forces directorate; the Territorial Command is responsible for the active reserves and regional military commands that align with each of Czechia’s 13 regions and the capital, Prague (2025)

Transnational Issues

Refugees and internally displaced persons:162

refugees:392,198 (2024 est.)
IDPs:5 (2024 est.)
stateless persons:588 (2024 est.)

Additional observations

Real GDP growth163
2.58 % annual change (2025)
Consumer price inflation164
2.46 % annual change (2025)
Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate)165
2.83 % of labor force (2025)
Access to electricity166
100 % of population (2024)
Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption167
17.2 % (2021)
Individuals using the internet168
87.69 % of population (2024)

Historical observations

Notes & sources

  1. Background. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  2. Location. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  3. Geographic coordinates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  4. Map references. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  5. Area. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. The archived total area has no reference year and territorial coverage may differ from World Bank surface area. World Bank: 78,871.42 square kilometers (2024). Reference: 78,867 square kilometers. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  6. Surface area. Surface area: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. The archived total area has no reference year and territorial coverage may differ from World Bank surface area. World Bank: 78,871.42 square kilometers (2024). Reference: 78,867 square kilometers. ↩
  7. Area - comparative. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  8. Land boundaries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  9. Coastline. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  10. Maritime claims. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  11. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  12. Terrain. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  13. Elevation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  14. Natural resources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  15. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  16. Irrigated land. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  17. Major rivers (by length in km). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  18. Major watersheds (area sq km). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  19. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  20. Natural hazards. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  21. Geography - note. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  22. Population. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 10,886,878 people (2025). Reference: 10,837,890 people (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  23. Population. Population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 10,886,878 people (2025). Reference: 10,837,890 people (2024). ↩
  24. Nationality. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  25. Ethnic groups. Reference edition; observation: 2021 est.. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  26. Languages. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  27. Religions. Reference edition; observation: 2021 est.. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  28. Age structure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  29. Dependency ratios. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  30. Median age. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  31. Population growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  32. Population growth rate. Population growth rate: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  33. Birth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  34. Crude birth rate. Crude birth rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  35. Death rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  36. Crude death rate. Crude death rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  37. Net migration rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  38. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  39. Urbanization. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  40. Urban population. Urban population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  41. Major urban areas - population. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  42. Sex ratio. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  43. Mother's mean age at first birth. Reference edition; observation: 2020. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  44. Maternal mortality ratio. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  45. Maternal mortality ratio. Maternal mortality ratio: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  46. Infant mortality rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  47. Infant mortality rate. Infant mortality rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  48. Life expectancy at birth. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  49. Life expectancy at birth. Life expectancy at birth: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  50. Total fertility rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  51. Total fertility rate. Total fertility rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  52. Gross reproduction rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  53. Drinking water source. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  54. At least basic drinking water services. At least basic drinking water services: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. This separately sourced basic-service observation is shown alongside the reference edition’s improved/unimproved categories. It does not replace those category totals. ↩
  55. Health expenditure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  56. Current health expenditure. Current health expenditure: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  57. Physician density. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  58. Physicians. Physicians: observation 2022; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  59. Hospital bed density. Reference edition; observation: 2020. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  60. Sanitation facility access. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  61. At least basic sanitation services. At least basic sanitation services: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. This separately sourced basic-service observation is shown alongside the reference edition’s improved/unimproved categories. It does not replace those category totals. ↩
  62. Obesity - adult prevalence rate. Reference edition; observation: 2016. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  63. Alcohol consumption per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  64. Tobacco use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  65. Currently married women (ages 15-49). Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  66. Education expenditure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  67. Government education expenditure. Government education expenditure: observation 2022; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  68. School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  69. Environmental issues. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  70. International environmental agreements. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  71. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  72. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  73. Urbanization. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  74. Carbon dioxide emissions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  75. Particulate matter emissions. Reference edition; observation: 2019. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  76. Waste and recycling. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  77. Total water withdrawal. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  78. Total renewable water resources. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  79. Geoparks. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  80. Country name. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  81. Government type. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  82. Capital. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  83. Administrative divisions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  84. Legal system. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  85. Constitution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  86. International law organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  87. Citizenship. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  88. Suffrage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  89. Executive branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  90. Legislative branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  91. Legislative branch - lower chamber. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  92. Legislative branch - upper chamber. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  93. Judicial branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  94. Political parties. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  95. Diplomatic representation in the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  96. Diplomatic representation from the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  97. International organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  98. Independence. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  99. National holiday. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  100. Flag. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  101. National symbol(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  102. National color(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  103. National anthem(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  104. National heritage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  105. Economic overview. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  106. Real GDP (purchasing power parity). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  107. Real GDP growth rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  108. Real GDP per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  109. GDP (official exchange rate). Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 391,026,962,800.48 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 345,037,000,000 current US dollars (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  110. GDP. GDP: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 391,026,962,800.48 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 345,037,000,000 current US dollars (2024). ↩
  111. Inflation rate (consumer prices). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  112. GDP - composition, by sector of origin. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  113. GDP - composition, by end use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  114. Agricultural products. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  115. Industries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  116. Industrial production growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  117. Labor force. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  118. Unemployment rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  119. Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  120. Population below poverty line. Reference edition; observation: 2021. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  121. Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  122. Average household expenditures. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  123. Household income or consumption by percentage share. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  124. Remittances. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  125. Budget. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  126. Public debt. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  127. Taxes and other revenues. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  128. Current account balance. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  129. Exports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  130. Exports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  131. Exports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  132. Imports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  133. Imports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  134. Imports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  135. Reserves of foreign exchange and gold. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  136. Exchange rates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  137. Electricity access. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  138. Electricity. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  139. Electricity generation sources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  140. Nuclear energy. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  141. Coal. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  142. Petroleum. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  143. Natural gas. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  144. Energy consumption per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  145. Telephones - fixed lines. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  146. Telephones - mobile cellular. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  147. Broadcast media. Reference edition; observation: 2019. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  148. Internet country code. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  149. Internet users. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  150. Broadband - fixed subscriptions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  151. Civil aircraft registration country code prefix. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  152. Airports. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  153. Heliports. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  154. Railways. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  155. Military and security forces. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  156. Military expenditures. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  157. Military and security service personnel strengths. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  158. Military equipment inventories and acquisitions. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  159. Military service age and obligation. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  160. Military deployments. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  161. Military - note. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  162. Refugees and internally displaced persons. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-09 06:48:31 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  163. Real GDP growth. Real GDP growth: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator denotes the percentage change over each previous year of the constant price (base year 2015) series in United States dollars. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?format=json ↩
  164. Consumer price inflation. Consumer price inflation: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?format=json ↩
  165. Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate). Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate): observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. The ILO modeled estimate is not necessarily directly comparable with national unemployment measures. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?format=json ↩
  166. Access to electricity. Access to electricity: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electricity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys and international sources. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS?format=json ↩
  167. Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption. Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption: observation 2021; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Renewable energy consumption is the share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS?format=json ↩
  168. Individuals using the internet. Individuals using the internet: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Internet users are individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?format=json ↩
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Countries & territories

Same-year values. Equal values share a rank.

Sources & method

Ranks cover available countries and territories, using the same indicator, source unit and reference year. Unrounded source values determine ties. Coverage is not a sovereign-country or complete global ranking; national definitions may differ. Missing values and other years are excluded. The information icon preserves the original number, unit and evidence.

RankCountry or territoryValue
Source information