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Sub-Saharan Africa / COG

Congo, Rep.

Congo, Rep. flag
ⓘ

2021 Factbook flag mirror; image identity has not been individually audited. Source.

Last updated: October 29, 2026

World Bank directory: capital Brazzaville · -4.2767°, 15.2662° · sourceRetrieved 2026-10-29 · single source, unverified; directory metadata may be stale.
Congo, Rep.: CIA World Factbook map from 2021; original boundary notes preserved.
ⓘCIA World Factbook map, February 2021 media edition. Identity reviewed; current boundaries have not been audited. visual contact sheet or original identity check; does not verify current boundaries Boundaries, place names and designations may be dated or disputed; original annotations retained. SHA-256: 01f33f21fe3b16f6c706d6e9bfdd681c789560ef6d5d85ce41fce530e34d96ce. Provenance and inspection record.

Introduction

Background:1

Upon independence in 1960, the former French region of Middle Congo became the Republic of the Congo. From 1968 to 1992, the country was named the People’s Republic of the Congo. A quarter-century of experimentation with Marxism was abandoned in 1990, and a democratically elected government took office in 1992, at which time the country reverted to "the Republic of the Congo" name. A two-year civil war that ended in 1999 restored to power former President Denis SASSOU-Nguesso, who had ruled from 1979 to 1992. A new constitution adopted three years later provided for a multi-party system and a seven-year presidential term, and the next elections retained SASSOU-Nguesso. After a year of renewed fighting, SASSOU-Nguesso and southern-based rebel groups agreed to a final peace accord in 2003. SASSOU-Nguesso was reelected in 2009 and, after passing a constitutional referendum allowing him to run for additional terms, was reelected again in 2016 and 2021. The Republic of the Congo is one of Africa's largest petroleum producers.

Geography

Location:2

Central Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and Gabon

Geographic coordinates:3

1 00 S, 15 00 E

Map references:4

Africa

Area:5

Surface area: 342,000 square kilometers (2024)

total:342,000 sq km
land:341,500 sq km
water:500 sq km

Area - comparative:7

slightly smaller than Montana; about twice the size of Florida

Land boundaries:8

total:5,554 km
border countries (5):Angola 231 km; Cameroon 494 km; Central African Republic 487 km; Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,775 km; Gabon 2,567 km

Coastline:9

169 km

Maritime claims:10

territorial sea:12 nm
contiguous zone:24 nm
exclusive economic zone:200 nm

Climate:11

tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); persistent high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator

Terrain:12

coastal plain, southern basin, central plateau, northern basin

Elevation:13

highest point:Mont Nabeba 1,020 m
lowest point:Atlantic Ocean 0 m
mean elevation:430 m

Natural resources:14

petroleum, timber, potash, lead, zinc, uranium, copper, phosphates, gold, magnesium, natural gas, hydropower

Land use:15

agricultural land:31.3% (2022 est.)
arable land:1.6% (2022 est.)
permanent crops:0.4% (2022 est.)
permanent pasture:29.3% (2022 est.)
forest:64.2% (2022 est.)
other:4.5% (2022 est.)

Irrigated land:16

20 sq km (2012)

Major rivers (by length in km):17

Oubangui (Ubangi) (shared with Central African Republic [s] and Democratic Republic of Congo [m]) - 2,270 km

note:[s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Major watersheds (area sq km):18

Atlantic Ocean drainage:Congo (3,730,881 sq km)

Major aquifers:19

Congo Basin

Population distribution:20

the population is primarily located in the south, in and around the capital of Brazzaville, as shown in this population distribution map

Natural hazards:21

seasonal flooding

Geography - note:22

about 70% of the population lives in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, or along the railroad between them

People and Society

Population:23

Population: 6,484,437 people (2025)

total:6,097,665 (2024 est.)
male:3,045,973
female:3,051,692

Nationality:25

noun:Congolese (singular and plural)
adjective:Congolese or Congo

Ethnic groups:26

Kongo (Bakongo) 40.5%, Teke 16.9%, Mbochi 13.1%, foreigner 8.2%, Sangha 5.6%, Mbere/Mbeti/Kele 4.4%, Punu 4.3%, Pygmy 1.6%, Oubanguiens 1.6%, Duma 1.5%, Makaa 1.3%, other and unspecified 1% (2014-15 est.)

Languages:27

French (official), French Lingala and Monokutuba (trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread)

major-language sample(s)
major-language sample(s):Buku oyo ya bosembo ya Mokili Mobimba Ezali na Makanisi ya Liboso Mpenza. (Lingala)
major-language sample(s):The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions:28

Roman Catholic 33.1%, Awakening Churches/Christian Revival 22.3%, Protestant 19.9%, Salutiste 2.2%, Muslim 1.6%, Kimbanguist 1.5%, other 8.1%, none 11.3% (2007 est.)

Age structure:29

0-14 years:37.8% (male 1,162,298/female 1,143,668)
15-64 years:57.8% (male 1,770,337/female 1,756,925)
65 years and over:4.3% (2024 est.) (male 113,338/female 151,099)

Dependency ratios:30

total dependency ratio:72.9 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio:65.4 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio:7.5 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio:13.3 (2024 est.)

Median age:31

total:20.7 years (2024 est.)
male:20.5 years
female:20.9 years

Population growth rate:32

Population growth rate: 2.36 % annually (2025)

2.38% (2024 est.)

Birth rate:34

Crude birth rate: 30.42 births per 1,000 people (2024)

28.7 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate:36

Crude death rate: 6.24 deaths per 1,000 people (2024)

4.8 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate:38

-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution:39

the population is primarily located in the south, in and around the capital of Brazzaville, as shown in this population distribution map

Urbanization:40

Urban population: 64.12 % of population (2025)

urban population:69.2% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:3.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas - population:42

2.638 million BRAZZAVILLE (capital), 1.336 million Pointe-Noire (2023)

Sex ratio:43

at birth:1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years:1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years:1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.75 male(s)/female
total population:1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth:44

19.6 years (2011/12 est.)

note:data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49

Maternal mortality ratio:45

Maternal mortality ratio: 241 deaths per 100,000 live births (2023)

241 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Infant mortality rate:47

Infant mortality rate: 27 deaths per 1,000 live births (2024)

total:30.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
male:33.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female:27.7 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth:49

Life expectancy at birth: 66 years (2024)

total population:72.9 years (2024 est.)
male:71.5 years
female:74.3 years

Total fertility rate:51

Total fertility rate: 4.11 births per woman (2024)

3.79 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Gross reproduction rate:53

1.87 (2024 est.)

Health expenditure:54

Current health expenditure: 3.3 % of GDP (2023)

Health expenditure (as % of GDP):3.9% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget):3.5% of national budget (2022 est.)

Physician density:56

Physicians: 0.17 per 1,000 people (2022)

0.17 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate:58

9.6% (2016)

Alcohol consumption per capita:59

total:5.74 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer:5.11 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine:0.1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits:0.52 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols:0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use:60

total:15.8% (2025 est.)
male:30% (2025 est.)
female:1.7% (2025 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49):61

51.8% (2023 est.)

Child marriage:62

women married by age 15:6.9% (2015)
women married by age 18:27.3% (2015)
men married by age 18:5.6% (2018 est.)

Education expenditure:63

Government education expenditure: 3.34 % of GDP (2023)

Education expenditure (% GDP):3.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget):14.7% national budget (2023 est.)

Environment

Environmental issues:65

air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; tap water not potable; deforestation; wildlife protection

International environmental agreements:66

party to:Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified:none of the selected agreements

Climate:67

tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); persistent high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator

Land use:68

agricultural land:31.3% (2022 est.)
arable land:1.6% (2022 est.)
permanent crops:0.4% (2022 est.)
permanent pasture:29.3% (2022 est.)
forest:64.2% (2022 est.)
other:4.5% (2022 est.)

Urbanization:69

urban population:69.2% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:3.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions:70

total emissions:2.66 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids:1.826 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas:834,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions:71

36.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Methane emissions:72

energy:308.8 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture:19.7 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste:25.3 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other:11.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Waste and recycling:73

municipal solid waste generated annually:451,200 tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled:17.2% (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal:74

municipal:63.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial:24 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural:4 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total renewable water resources:75

832 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Government

Country name:76

conventional long form:Republic of the Congo
conventional short form:Congo (Brazzaville)
local long form:République du Congo
local short form:Congo
former:French Congo, Middle Congo, People's Republic of the Congo, Congo/Brazzaville
etymology:named for the Congo River, which makes up much of the country's eastern border; the river name derives from Kongo, a Bantu kingdom in the area

Government type:77

presidential republic

Capital:78

name:Brazzaville
geographic coordinates:4 15 S, 15 17 E
time difference:UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology:named after the Italian-born French explorer and humanitarian, Pierre Savorgnan de BRAZZA (1852-1905), who founded the town in 1883

Administrative divisions:79

15 departments; Bouenza, Brazzaville, Congo-Oubangui, Cuvette, Cuvette-Ouest, Djoue-Lefini, Kouilou, Lekoumou, Likouala, Niari, Nkeni-Alima, Plateaux, Pointe-Noire, Pool, Sangha

Legal system:80

mixed system of French civil law and customary law

Constitution:81

history:several previous; latest approved by referendum 25 October 2015
amendment process:proposed by the president of the republic or by Parliament; passage of presidential proposals requires Supreme Court review followed by approval in a referendum; such proposals may also be submitted directly to Parliament, in which case passage requires at least three-quarters majority vote of both houses in joint session; proposals by Parliament require three-fourths majority vote of both houses in joint session; constitutional articles including those affecting the country’s territory, republican form of government, and secularity of the state are not amendable

International law organization participation:82

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship:83

citizenship by birth:no
citizenship by descent only:at least one parent must be a citizen of the Republic of the Congo
dual citizenship recognized:no
residency requirement for naturalization:10 years

Suffrage:84

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:85

chief of state:President Denis SASSOU-Nguesso (since 1997)
head of government:Prime Minister Anatole Collinet MAKOSSO (since 12 May 2021)
cabinet:Council of Ministers appointed by the president
election/appointment process:president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for 2 additional terms)
most recent election date:21 March 2021
election results
election results:Denis SASSOU-Nguesso reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Denis SASSOU-Nguesso (PCT) 88.4%, Guy Price Parfait KOLELAS (MCDDI) 8.0%, other 3.6%
election results:Denis SASSOU-Nguesso reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Denis SASSOU-Nguesso (PCT) 60.4%, Guy Price Parfait KOLELAS (MCDDI) 15.1%, Jean-Marie MOKOKO (independent) 13.9%, Pascal Tsaty MABIALA (UPADS) 4.4%, other 6.2%
expected date of next election:21 March 2026

Legislative branch:86

legislature name:Parliament (Parlement)
legislative structure:bicameral

Legislative branch - lower chamber:87

chamber name:National Assembly (Assemblée nationale)
number of seats:151 (all directly elected)
electoral system:plurality/majority
scope of elections:full renewal
term in office:5 years
most recent election date:7/10/2022 to 7/31/2022
parties elected and seats per party:Congolese Workers Party (PCT) (112); Other (39)
percentage of women in chamber:14.6%
expected date of next election:July 2026

Legislative branch - upper chamber:88

chamber name:Senate (Sénat)
number of seats:72 (all indirectly elected)
scope of elections:full renewal
term in office:6 years
most recent election date:8/20/2023
percentage of women in chamber:31.9%
expected date of next election:August 2029

Judicial branch:89

highest court(s):Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of NA judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
judge selection and term of office:Supreme Court judges elected by Parliament and serve until age 65; Constitutional Court members appointed by the president of the republic - 3 directly by the president and 6 nominated by Parliament; members appointed for renewable 9-year terms with one third of the membership renewed every 3 years
subordinate courts:Court of Audit and Budgetary Discipline; courts of appeal; regional and district courts; employment tribunals; juvenile courts
note:a High Court of Justice, outside the judicial authority, tries cases involving treason by the President of the Republic

Political parties:90

Alliance of the Presidential Majority or AMP

Action Movement for Renewal or MAR

Citizen's Rally or RC

Congolese Labour Party or PCT

Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development or MCDDI

Congo on the Move or LCEM

Movement for Unity, Solidarity, and Work or MUST

Pan-African Union for Social Development or UPADS

Club 2002-Party for the Unity and the Republic or Club 2002

Patriotic Union for Democracy and Progress or UPDP

Perspectives and Realities Club or CPR

Rally for Democracy and Social Progress or RDPS

Republican and Liberal Party or PRL

Union of Democratic Forces or UDF

Union for Democracy and Republic or UDR

Union of Humanist Democrats or UDH-YUKI

Union for the Republic or UR

Diplomatic representation in the US:91

chief of mission:Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Firmine BOUITY (since 6 September 2025)
chancery:1720 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone:[1] (202) 726-5500
FAX:[1] (202) 726-1860
email address and website
email address and website:info@ambacongo-us.org
email address and website:http://www.ambacongo-us.org/en-us/home.aspx

Diplomatic representation from the US:92

chief of mission:Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Amanda S. JACOBSEN (since 18 July 2025)
embassy:70-83 Section D, Boulevard Denis Sassou N'Guesso, Brazzaville
mailing address:2090 Brazzaville Place, Washington DC 20521-2090
telephone:[242] 06 612-2000, [242] 05 387-9700
email address and website
email address and website:BrazzavilleACS@state.gov
email address and website:https://cg.usembassy.gov/

International organization participation:93

ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC (observer), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Independence:94

15 August 1960 (from France)

National holiday:95

Independence Day, 15 August (1960)

Flag:96

description:divided diagonally from the lower-left side by a wide yellow band; the upper triangle (left side) is green, and the lower triangle is red
meaning:green stands for agriculture and forests, and yellow for the people's friendship and nobility; the meaning of the red color is not noted but has been associated with the struggle for independence
history:uses the colors of the Pan-African movement

National symbol(s):97

lion, elephant

National color(s):98

green, yellow, red

National anthem(s):99

title:"La Congolaise" (The Congolese)
lyrics/music:Jacques TONDRA and Georges KIBANGHI/Jean ROYER and Joseph SPADILIERE
history:originally adopted 1959, restored 1991

National heritage:100

total World Heritage Sites:2 (natural)
selected World Heritage Site locales:Sangha Trinational Forest; Forest Massif of Odzala-Kokoua

Economy

Economic overview:101

primarily an oil- and natural resources-based economy; recovery from mid-2010s oil devaluation has been slow and curtailed by COVID-19; extreme poverty increasing, particularly in southern rural regions; attempting to implement recommended CEMAC reforms; increasing likelihood of debt default

Real GDP (purchasing power parity):102

$39.147 billion (2024 est.)

$38.163 billion (2023 est.)

$37.448 billion (2022 est.)

note:data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP growth rate:103

2.6% (2024 est.)

1.9% (2023 est.)

1.5% (2022 est.)

note:annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per capita:104

$6,200 (2024 est.)

$6,200 (2023 est.)

$6,200 (2022 est.)

note:data in 2021 dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):105

GDP: 16,306,633,778.77 current US dollars (2025)

$15.72 billion (2024 est.)

note:data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Inflation rate (consumer prices):107

3.1% (2024 est.)

4.3% (2023 est.)

3% (2022 est.)

note:annual % change based on consumer prices

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:108

agriculture:9.4% (2024 est.)
industry:40.1% (2024 est.)
services:45% (2024 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

GDP - composition, by end use:109

household consumption:47.4% (2024 est.)
government consumption:13.4% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital:26.5% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories:0.3% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services:52.8% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services:-40.4% (2024 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Agricultural products:110

cassava, sugarcane, oil palm fruit, bananas, plantains, root vegetables, game meat, vegetables, mangoes/guavas, fruits (2023)

note:top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries:111

petroleum extraction, cement, lumber, brewing, sugar, palm oil, soap, flour, cigarettes

Industrial production growth rate:112

0.3% (2024 est.)

note:annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force:113

2.563 million (2024 est.)

note:number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate:114

19.7% (2024 est.)

19.9% (2023 est.)

20.2% (2022 est.)

note:% of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24):115

total:40% (2024 est.)
male:41% (2024 est.)
female:39% (2024 est.)
note:% of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Remittances:116

0.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

0.3% of GDP (2022 est.)

0.3% of GDP (2021 est.)

note:personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Budget:117

revenues:$2.393 billion (2020 est.)
expenditures:$3.231 billion (2020 est.)
note:central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Public debt:118

128.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Taxes and other revenues:119

6.5% (of GDP) (2021 est.)

note:central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Current account balance:120

$1.716 billion (2021 est.)

$1.441 billion (2020 est.)

$1.632 billion (2019 est.)

note:balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exports:121

$7.752 billion (2021 est.)

$4.67 billion (2020 est.)

$7.855 billion (2019 est.)

note:balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - partners:122

China 46%, UAE 23%, India 6%, Saudi Arabia 5%, Portugal 3% (2023)

note:top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Exports - commodities:123

crude petroleum, refined copper, gold, wood, refined petroleum (2023)

note:top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports:124

$4.487 billion (2021 est.)

$3.279 billion (2020 est.)

$4.945 billion (2019 est.)

note:balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - partners:125

China 24%, Angola 20%, Gabon 9%, France 6%, UAE 5% (2023)

note:top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Imports - commodities:126

ships, poultry, garments, iron pipes, refined petroleum (2023)

note:top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:127

$715.391 million (2023 est.)

$835.649 million (2022 est.)

$828.56 million (2021 est.)

note:holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Debt - external:128

$6.36 billion (2023 est.)

note:present value of external debt in current US dollars

Exchange rates:129

Currency:Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -

606.345 (2024 est.)

606.57 (2023 est.)

623.76 (2022 est.)

554.531 (2021 est.)

575.586 (2020 est.)

Energy

Electricity access:130

electrification - total population:50.6% (2022 est.)
electrification - urban areas:67.5%
electrification - rural areas:12.4%

Electricity:131

installed generating capacity:842,000 kW (2023 est.)
consumption:2.832 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports:31 million kWh (2023 est.)
imports:30.588 million kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses:2.335 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources:132

fossil fuels:79.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar:0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity:20.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste:0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Coal:133

imports:65 metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum:134

total petroleum production:267,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption:13,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves:2.882 billion barrels (2021 est.)

Natural gas:135

production:425 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption:425 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves:283.99 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Energy consumption per capita:136

Total energy consumption per capita 2023:7.351 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Communications

Telephones - fixed lines:137

total subscriptions:17,000 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:(2022 est.) less than 1

Telephones - mobile cellular:138

total subscriptions:5.87 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:97 (2021 est.)

Broadcast media:139

1 state-owned TV and 3 state-owned radio stations; several privately owned TV and radio stations; satellite TV service is available; rebroadcasts of several international broadcasters are available

Internet country code:140

.cg

Internet users:141

percent of population:38% (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions:142

total:78,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:1 (2023 est.)

Transportation

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix:143

TN

Airports:144

56 (2025)

Railways:145

total:510 km (2014)
narrow gauge:510 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge

Merchant marine:146

total:11 (2023)
by type:oil tanker 1, other 10

Ports:147

total ports:5 (2024)
large:0
medium:0
small:1
very small:4
ports with oil terminals:4
key ports:Djeno Terminal, Dussafu Terminal, N'kossa Terminal, Pointe Noire, Yombo Terminal

Military and Security

Military and security forces:148

Congolese Armed Forces (Forces Armees Congolaises, FAC): Army, Navy, Congolese Air Force, National Gendarmerie

Ministry of Interior: National Police (2025)

note:the National Gendarmerie (GN) is a paramilitary force with domestic law enforcement and security responsibilities; it is under the Ministry of Defense, but also reports to the Ministry of Interior; the GN nominally includes the Republican Guard (GR), which is responsible for presidential security and has a separate command structure

Military expenditures:149

1.2% of GDP (2024 est.)

2% of GDP (2023 est.)

1.8% of GDP (2022 est.)

2.4% of GDP (2021 est.)

2.8% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military and security service personnel strengths:150

approximately 12-14,000 active FAC, including Gendarmerie (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions:151

the FAC has mostly Soviet-era armaments, with a small mix of Chinese, French, and South African equipment (2024)

Military service age and obligation:152

18-25 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription ended in 1969 (2024)

Military deployments:153

has about 190 mostly police personnel deployed to the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (2024)

Military - note:154

the FAC's primary focuses are internal and maritime security; since its creation in 1961, the FAC has had a turbulent history; it has been sidelined by some national leaders in favor of personal militias, endured an internal rebellion (1996), and clashed with various rebel groups and political or ethnic militias (1993-1996, 2002-2005, 2017); during the 1997-1999 civil war, the military generally split along ethnic lines, with most northern officers supporting eventual winner SASSOU-Nguesso, and most southerners backing the rebels; others joined ethnic-based factions loyal to regional warlords; forces backing SASSOU-Nguesso were supported by Angolan troops and received some French assistance; the FAC also has undergone at least three reorganizations that included the incorporation of former rebel combatants and various ethnic and political militias; in recent years, France has provided some advice and training, and a military cooperation agreement was signed with Russia in 2019 (2025)

Transnational Issues

Refugees and internally displaced persons:155

refugees:69,766 (2024 est.)

Trafficking in persons:156

tier rating:Tier 2 Watch List — the Republic of the Congo does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking, but the government has devoted sufficient resources to a written plan that, if implemented, would constitute significant efforts to meet the minimum standards; therefore, the Republic of the Congo was granted a waiver per the Trafficking Victims Protection Act from an otherwise required downgrade to Tier 3 and remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the third consecutive year; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/republic-of-the-congo/

Additional observations

Real GDP growth157
3.08 % annual change (2025)
Consumer price inflation158
2.4 % annual change (2025)
Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate)159
19.88 % of labor force (2025)
Access to electricity160
53 % of population (2024)
Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption161
71.4 % (2021)
Individuals using the internet162
47.25 % of population (2024)
At least basic sanitation services163
20.55 % of population (2021)
At least basic drinking water services164
73.49 % of population (2021)
Adult literacy rate165
76.11 % of people aged 15 and over (2005)

Historical observations

Notes & sources

  1. Background. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  2. Location. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  3. Geographic coordinates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  4. Map references. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  5. Area. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. The archived total area has no reference year and territorial coverage may differ from World Bank surface area. World Bank: 342,000 square kilometers (2024). Reference: 342,000 square kilometers. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  6. Surface area. Surface area: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. The archived total area has no reference year and territorial coverage may differ from World Bank surface area. World Bank: 342,000 square kilometers (2024). Reference: 342,000 square kilometers. ↩
  7. Area - comparative. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  8. Land boundaries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  9. Coastline. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  10. Maritime claims. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  11. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  12. Terrain. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  13. Elevation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  14. Natural resources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  15. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  16. Irrigated land. Reference edition; observation: 2012. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  17. Major rivers (by length in km). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  18. Major watersheds (area sq km). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  19. Major aquifers. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  20. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  21. Natural hazards. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  22. Geography - note. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  23. Population. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 6,484,437 people (2025). Reference: 6,097,665 people (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  24. Population. Population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 6,484,437 people (2025). Reference: 6,097,665 people (2024). ↩
  25. Nationality. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  26. Ethnic groups. Reference edition; observation: 2014-15 est.. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  27. Languages. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  28. Religions. Reference edition; observation: 2007 est.. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  29. Age structure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  30. Dependency ratios. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  31. Median age. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  32. Population growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  33. Population growth rate. Population growth rate: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  34. Birth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  35. Crude birth rate. Crude birth rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  36. Death rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  37. Crude death rate. Crude death rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  38. Net migration rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  39. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  40. Urbanization. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  41. Urban population. Urban population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  42. Major urban areas - population. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  43. Sex ratio. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  44. Mother's mean age at first birth. Reference edition; observation: 2011/12. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  45. Maternal mortality ratio. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  46. Maternal mortality ratio. Maternal mortality ratio: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  47. Infant mortality rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  48. Infant mortality rate. Infant mortality rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  49. Life expectancy at birth. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  50. Life expectancy at birth. Life expectancy at birth: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  51. Total fertility rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  52. Total fertility rate. Total fertility rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  53. Gross reproduction rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  54. Health expenditure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  55. Current health expenditure. Current health expenditure: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  56. Physician density. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  57. Physicians. Physicians: observation 2022; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  58. Obesity - adult prevalence rate. Reference edition; observation: 2016. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  59. Alcohol consumption per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  60. Tobacco use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  61. Currently married women (ages 15-49). Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  62. Child marriage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  63. Education expenditure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  64. Government education expenditure. Government education expenditure: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  65. Environmental issues. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  66. International environmental agreements. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  67. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  68. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  69. Urbanization. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  70. Carbon dioxide emissions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  71. Particulate matter emissions. Reference edition; observation: 2019. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  72. Methane emissions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  73. Waste and recycling. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  74. Total water withdrawal. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  75. Total renewable water resources. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  76. Country name. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  77. Government type. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  78. Capital. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  79. Administrative divisions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  80. Legal system. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  81. Constitution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  82. International law organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  83. Citizenship. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  84. Suffrage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  85. Executive branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  86. Legislative branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  87. Legislative branch - lower chamber. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  88. Legislative branch - upper chamber. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  89. Judicial branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  90. Political parties. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  91. Diplomatic representation in the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  92. Diplomatic representation from the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  93. International organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  94. Independence. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  95. National holiday. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  96. Flag. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  97. National symbol(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  98. National color(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  99. National anthem(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  100. National heritage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  101. Economic overview. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  102. Real GDP (purchasing power parity). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  103. Real GDP growth rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  104. Real GDP per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  105. GDP (official exchange rate). Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 16,306,633,778.77 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 15,720,000,000 current US dollars (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  106. GDP. GDP: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 16,306,633,778.77 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 15,720,000,000 current US dollars (2024). ↩
  107. Inflation rate (consumer prices). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  108. GDP - composition, by sector of origin. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  109. GDP - composition, by end use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  110. Agricultural products. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  111. Industries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  112. Industrial production growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  113. Labor force. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  114. Unemployment rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  115. Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  116. Remittances. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  117. Budget. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  118. Public debt. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  119. Taxes and other revenues. Reference edition; observation: 2021. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  120. Current account balance. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  121. Exports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  122. Exports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  123. Exports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  124. Imports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  125. Imports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  126. Imports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  127. Reserves of foreign exchange and gold. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  128. Debt - external. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  129. Exchange rates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  130. Electricity access. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  131. Electricity. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  132. Electricity generation sources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  133. Coal. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  134. Petroleum. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  135. Natural gas. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  136. Energy consumption per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  137. Telephones - fixed lines. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  138. Telephones - mobile cellular. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  139. Broadcast media. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  140. Internet country code. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  141. Internet users. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  142. Broadband - fixed subscriptions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  143. Civil aircraft registration country code prefix. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  144. Airports. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  145. Railways. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  146. Merchant marine. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  147. Ports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  148. Military and security forces. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  149. Military expenditures. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  150. Military and security service personnel strengths. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  151. Military equipment inventories and acquisitions. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  152. Military service age and obligation. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  153. Military deployments. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  154. Military - note. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  155. Refugees and internally displaced persons. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  156. Trafficking in persons. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-09-30 22:33:04 -0400 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  157. Real GDP growth. Real GDP growth: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator denotes the percentage change over each previous year of the constant price (base year 2015) series in United States dollars. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?format=json ↩
  158. Consumer price inflation. Consumer price inflation: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?format=json ↩
  159. Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate). Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate): observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. The ILO modeled estimate is not necessarily directly comparable with national unemployment measures. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?format=json ↩
  160. Access to electricity. Access to electricity: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electricity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys and international sources. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS?format=json ↩
  161. Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption. Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption: observation 2021; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Renewable energy consumption is the share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS?format=json ↩
  162. Individuals using the internet. Individuals using the internet: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Internet users are individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?format=json ↩
  163. At least basic sanitation services. At least basic sanitation services: observation 2021; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  164. At least basic drinking water services. At least basic drinking water services: observation 2021; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  165. Adult literacy rate. Adult literacy rate: observation 2005; checked 2026-10-29; primary source checked. World Bank World Development Indicators. Primary source checked 2026-10-29T19:37:53.681Z. provider release 2026-10-08. source organization Data API, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/resources, note: The data are obtained through the UIS API. Detailed documentation is available at: https://api.uis.unesco.org/api/public/documentation/, publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), type: Excel (bulk file), date accessed: 2026-03-19, date published: 2026-02. definition Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above). Original provider-reported country/economy series; unchanged historical boundaries are not asserted. Checked original WDI publication and metadata, not independent corroboration. ↩
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Countries & territories

Same-year values. Equal values share a rank.

Sources & method

Ranks cover available countries and territories, using the same indicator, source unit and reference year. Unrounded source values determine ties. Coverage is not a sovereign-country or complete global ranking; national definitions may differ. Missing values and other years are excluded. The information icon preserves the original number, unit and evidence.

RankCountry or territoryValue
Source information