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Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan / BHR

Bahrain

Bahrain flag
ⓘ

2021 Factbook flag mirror; image identity has not been individually audited. Source.

Last updated: October 29, 2026

World Bank directory: capital Manama · 26.1921°, 50.5354° · sourceRetrieved 2026-10-29 · single source, unverified; directory metadata may be stale.
Bahrain: CIA World Factbook map from 2021; original boundary notes preserved.
ⓘCIA World Factbook map, February 2021 media edition. Identity reviewed; current boundaries have not been audited. visual contact sheet or original identity check; does not verify current boundaries Boundaries, place names and designations may be dated or disputed; original annotations retained. SHA-256: 17ae57f9ec833f52bb03b15ff44e0997cc3f7822741bd0c73cfac261d8c40c39. Provenance and inspection record.

Introduction

Background:1

In 1783, the Sunni AL-KHALIFA family took power in Bahrain. In order to secure these holdings, it entered into a series of treaties with the UK during the 19th century that made Bahrain a British protectorate. The archipelago attained its independence in 1971. A steady decline in oil production and reserves since 1970 prompted Bahrain to take steps to diversify its economy, in the process developing petroleum processing and refining, aluminum production, and hospitality and retail sectors. It has also endeavored to become a leading regional banking center, especially with respect to Islamic finance. Bahrain's small size, central location among Gulf countries, economic dependence on Saudi Arabia, and proximity to Iran require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. Its foreign policy activities usually fall in line with Saudi Arabia and the UAE. In 2022, the United States designated Bahrain as a major non-NATO ally.

The Sunni royal family has long struggled to manage relations with its Shia-majority population. In 2011, amid Arab uprisings elsewhere in the region, the Bahraini Government responded to similar pro-democracy and reform protests at home with police and military action, including deploying Gulf Cooperation Council security forces. Ongoing dissatisfaction with the political status quo continues to factor into sporadic clashes between demonstrators and security forces. In 2020, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates signed the US-brokered Abraham Accords with Israel. In 2023, Bahrain and the United States signed the Comprehensive Security Integration and Prosperity Agreement to enhance cooperation across a wide range of areas, from defense and security to emerging technology, trade, and investment.

Geography

Location:2

Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia

Geographic coordinates:3

26 00 N, 50 33 E

Map references:4

Middle East

Area:5

Surface area: 800 square kilometers (2024)

total:760 sq km
land:760 sq km
water:0 sq km

Area - comparative:7

3.5 times the size of Washington, D.C.

Land boundaries:8

total:0 km

Coastline:9

161 km

Maritime claims:10

territorial sea:12 nm
contiguous zone:24 nm
continental shelf:extending to boundaries to be determined

Climate:11

arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers

Terrain:12

mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment

Elevation:13

highest point:Jabal ad Dukhan 135 m
lowest point:Persian Gulf 0 m

Natural resources:14

oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls

Land use:15

agricultural land:10.1% (2023 est.)
arable land:2.6% (2023 est.)
permanent crops:2.5% (2023 est.)
permanent pasture:5% (2023 est.)
forest:4.3% (2023 est.)
other:84.2% (2023 est.)

Irrigated land:16

40 sq km (2012)

Major aquifers:17

Arabian Aquifer System

Population distribution:18

smallest population of the Gulf States, but urbanization rate exceeds 90%; largest settlement concentration is found on the far northern end of the island in and around Manamah and Al Muharraq

Natural hazards:19

periodic droughts; dust storms

Geography - note:20

close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf, through which much of the Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean

People and Society

Population:21

Population: 1,600,366 people (2025)

total:1,566,888 (2024 est.)
male:940,022
female:626,866

Nationality:23

noun:Bahraini(s)
adjective:Bahraini

Ethnic groups:24

Bahraini 47.4%, Asian 43.4%, other Arab 4.9%, African 1.4%, North American 1.1%, Gulf Co-operative countries 0.9%, European 0.8%, other 0.1% (2020 est.)

Languages:25

Arabic (official), English, Farsi, Urdu

major-language sample(s)
major-language sample(s):كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
major-language sample(s):The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions:26

Muslim 74.2%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Hindu, Baha'i) 25.8% (2020 est.)

Age structure:27

0-14 years:18.1% (male 143,399/female 139,667)
15-64 years:77.7% (male 762,190/female 454,616)
65 years and over:4.3% (2024 est.) (male 34,433/female 32,583)

Dependency ratios:28

total dependency ratio:28.8 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio:23.3 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio:5.5 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio:18.2 (2024 est.)

Median age:29

total:33.4 years (2024 est.)
male:34.6 years
female:31.2 years

Population growth rate:30

Population growth rate: 0.73 % annually (2025)

0.82% (2024 est.)

Birth rate:32

Crude birth rate: 12.03 births per 1,000 people (2024)

12.2 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate:34

Crude death rate: 2.21 deaths per 1,000 people (2024)

2.8 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate:36

-1.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution:37

smallest population of the Gulf States, but urbanization rate exceeds 90%; largest settlement concentration is found on the far northern end of the island in and around Manamah and Al Muharraq

Urbanization:38

Urban population: 100 % of population (2025)

urban population:89.9% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas - population:40

709,000 MANAMA (capital) (2023)

Sex ratio:41

at birth:1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years:1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years:1.68 male(s)/female
65 years and over:1.06 male(s)/female
total population:1.5 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio:42

Maternal mortality ratio: 17 deaths per 100,000 live births (2023)

17 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Infant mortality rate:44

Infant mortality rate: 7.3 deaths per 1,000 live births (2024)

total:9.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
male:11.3 deaths/1,000 live births
female:8 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth:46

Life expectancy at birth: 81.42 years (2024)

total population:80.4 years (2024 est.)
male:78.1 years
female:82.7 years

Total fertility rate:48

Total fertility rate: 1.81 births per woman (2024)

1.65 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Gross reproduction rate:50

0.81 (2024 est.)

Drinking water source:51

At least basic drinking water services: 99.92 % of population (2024)

improved
total:99.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved
total:0.1% of population (2022 est.)

Health expenditure:53

Current health expenditure: 4 % of GDP (2023)

Health expenditure (as % of GDP):4.3% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget):8.6% of national budget (2022 est.)

Physician density:55

Physicians: 0.74 per 1,000 people (2020)

0.74 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Hospital bed density:57

1.7 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.)

Sanitation facility access:58

At least basic sanitation services: 100 % of population (2024)

improved
total:100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved
total:0% of population (2022 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate:60

29.8% (2016)

Alcohol consumption per capita:61

total:1.18 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer:0.4 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine:0.11 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits:0.66 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols:0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use:62

total:17.3% (2025 est.)
male:24.3% (2025 est.)
female:4.8% (2025 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49):63

43.8% (2023 est.)

Education expenditure:64

Government education expenditure: 1.89 % of GDP (2023)

Education expenditure (% GDP):1.9% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget):8.3% national budget (2025 est.)

Literacy:66

Adult literacy rate: 97.82 % of people aged 15 and over (2024)

total population:97.8% (2024 est.)
male:98.7% (2024 est.)
female:96.3% (2024 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):68

total:16 years (2023 est.)
male:15 years (2023 est.)
female:17 years (2023 est.)

Environment

Environmental issues:69

desertification; drought; coastal degradation from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; lack of freshwater resources; saline contamination from lowered water table

International environmental agreements:70

party to:Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified:none of the selected agreements

Climate:71

arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers

Land use:72

agricultural land:10.1% (2023 est.)
arable land:2.6% (2023 est.)
permanent crops:2.5% (2023 est.)
permanent pasture:5% (2023 est.)
forest:4.3% (2023 est.)
other:84.2% (2023 est.)

Urbanization:73

urban population:89.9% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions:74

total emissions:47.818 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke:-1,401 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids:8.825 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas:38.995 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions:75

51.8 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Methane emissions:76

energy:165.3 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture:0.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste:163.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other:1.2 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Waste and recycling:77

municipal solid waste generated annually:951,900 tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled:14.1% (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal:78

municipal:275.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial:14.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural:144.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total renewable water resources:79

116 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Government

Country name:80

conventional long form:Kingdom of Bahrain
conventional short form:Bahrain
local long form:Mamlakat al Bahrayn
local short form:Al Bahrayn
former:Dilmun, Tylos, Awal, Mishmahig, Bahrayn, State of Bahrain
etymology:the name means "the two seas" in Arabic and refers to the water bodies on each side of the archipelago

Government type:81

constitutional monarchy

Capital:82

name:Manama
geographic coordinates:26 14 N, 50 34 E
time difference:UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology:name derives from the Arabic word al-manama , meaning "place of rest" or "place of dreams"

Administrative divisions:83

4 governorates ( muhafazat , singular - muhafazah ); Asimah (Capital), Janubiyah (Southern), Muharraq, Shamaliyah (Northern)

Legal system:84

mixed legal system of Islamic (sharia) law, English common law, Egyptian civil, criminal, and commercial codes; customary law

Constitution:85

history:previous 1973; latest adopted 14 February 2002, entry into force 14 February 2002
amendment process:proposed by the king or by at least 15 members of either chamber of the National Assembly followed by submission to an Assembly committee for review and, if approved, submitted to the government for restatement as drafts; passage requires a two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both chambers and validation by the king; constitutional articles on the state religion (Islam), state language (Arabic), and the monarchy and "inherited rule" cannot be amended

International law organization participation:86

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship:87

citizenship by birth:no
citizenship by descent only:the father must be a citizen of Bahrain
dual citizenship recognized:no
residency requirement for naturalization:25 years; 15 years for Arab nationals

Suffrage:88

20 years of age; universal

Executive branch:89

chief of state:King HAMAD bin Isa Al-Khalifa (since 6 March 1999)
head of government:Prime Minister Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad Al-Khalifa (since 11 November 2020)
cabinet:Cabinet appointed by the monarch
election/appointment process:the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch

Legislative branch:90

legislature name:National Assembly (Al-Majlis Al-Watani)
legislative structure:bicameral

Legislative branch - lower chamber:91

chamber name:Council of Representatives (Majlis Al-Nuwab)
number of seats:40 (all directly elected)
electoral system:plurality/majority
scope of elections:full renewal
term in office:4 years
most recent election date:11/12/2022 to 11/19/2022
percentage of women in chamber:20%
expected date of next election:November 2026

Legislative branch - upper chamber:92

chamber name:Shura Council (Majlis Al-Shura)
number of seats:40 (all appointed)
scope of elections:full renewal
term in office:4 years
most recent election date:11/27/2022
percentage of women in chamber:25%
expected date of next election:November 2026

Judicial branch:93

highest court(s):Court of Cassation (consists of the chairman and 3 judges); Supreme Court of Appeal (consists of the chairman and 3 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the president and 6 members); High Sharia Court of Appeal (court sittings include the president and at least one judge)
judge selection and term of office:Court of Cassation judges appointed by royal decree and serve for a specified tenure; Constitutional Court president and members appointed by the Higher Judicial Council, a body chaired by the monarch and includes judges from the Court of Cassation, sharia law courts, and Civil High Courts of Appeal; members serve 9-year terms; High Sharia Court of Appeal member appointments by royal decree for a specified tenure
subordinate courts:Civil High Courts of Appeal; middle and lower civil courts; High Sharia Court of Appeal; Senior Sharia Court; Administrative Courts of Appeal; military courts
note:the judiciary of Bahrain is divided into civil law courts and sharia law courts; sharia courts (involving personal status and family law) are further divided into Sunni Muslim and Shia Muslim; the Courts are supervised by the Supreme Judicial Council.

Political parties:94

note:political parties are prohibited, but political societies were legalized under a July 2005 law

Diplomatic representation in the US:95

chief of mission:Ambassador Abdulla bin Rashed AL KHALIFA (since 21 July 2017)
chancery:3502 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:[1] (202) 342-1111
FAX:[1] (202) 362-2192
email address and website
email address and website:ambsecretary@bahrainembassy.org
email address and website:https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?language=en-US&tabid=7702
consulate(s) general:New York

Diplomatic representation from the US:96

chief of mission:Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Elizabeth A. LITCHFIELD (since September 2025)
embassy:Building 979, Road 3119, Block 331, Zinj District, P.O. Box 26431, Manama
mailing address:6210 Manama Place, Washington DC 20521-6210
telephone:[973] 17-242700
FAX:[973] 17-272594
email address and website
email address and website:ManamaConsular@state.gov
email address and website:https://bh.usembassy.gov/

International organization participation:97

ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CICA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Independence:98

15 August 1971 (from the UK)

National holiday:99

National Day, 16 December (1971)

note:15 August 1971 was the date of independence from the UK, 16 December 1971 was the date of independence from British protection

Flag:100

description:red, with a white serrated band of five white points on the left side
meaning:red is the traditional color for flags of Persian Gulf states; the five points represent the five pillars of Islam
history:until 2002, the flag had eight white points, but this was reduced to five to avoid confusion with the Qatari flag

National symbol(s):101

a white serrated band with five white points on top of a red field

National color(s):102

red, white

National anthem(s):103

title:"Bahrainona" (Our Bahrain)
lyrics/music:unknown
history:adopted 1971; Mohamed Sudqi AYYASH wrote the original lyrics, but they were changed in 2002 after Bahrain became a kingdom

National heritage:104

total World Heritage Sites:3 (all cultural)
selected World Heritage Site locales:Dilmun Burial Mounds; Qal'at al-Bahrain – Ancient Harbor and Capital of Dilmun ; Bahrain Pearling Path

Economy

Economic overview:105

high-income, growing Middle Eastern island economy; oil and aluminum exporter with diversification led by services, construction and manufacturing; regional finance and tourism hub; high public debt linked to oil revenue dependence and limited tax base; vulnerable to water reservoir depletion

Real GDP (purchasing power parity):106

$93.937 billion (2024 est.)

$91.185 billion (2023 est.)

$87.781 billion (2022 est.)

note:data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP growth rate:107

3% (2024 est.)

3.9% (2023 est.)

6.2% (2022 est.)

note:annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per capita:108

$59,100 (2024 est.)

$57,800 (2023 est.)

$57,600 (2022 est.)

note:data in 2021 dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):109

GDP: 48,965,725,531.91 current US dollars (2025)

$47.737 billion (2024 est.)

note:data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Inflation rate (consumer prices):111

0.9% (2024 est.)

0.1% (2023 est.)

3.6% (2022 est.)

note:annual % change based on consumer prices

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:112

agriculture:0.3% (2023 est.)
industry:43.4% (2023 est.)
services:51.9% (2023 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

GDP - composition, by end use:113

household consumption:38.9% (2023 est.)
government consumption:14.6% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital:27.5% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories:1.8% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services:87.4% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services:-70.1% (2023 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Agricultural products:114

lamb/mutton, dates, milk, tomatoes, chicken, eggs, sheep offal, sheepskins, eggplants, chillies/peppers (2023)

note:top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries:115

petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, iron pelletization, fertilizers, Islamic and offshore banking, insurance, ship repairing, tourism

Industrial production growth rate:116

0.1% (2023 est.)

note:annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force:117

913,300 (2024 est.)

note:number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate:118

1.2% (2024 est.)

1.2% (2023 est.)

1.4% (2022 est.)

note:% of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24):119

total:5.2% (2024 est.)
male:2.5% (2024 est.)
female:12.4% (2024 est.)
note:% of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Average household expenditures:120

on food:13.6% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco:0.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Remittances:121

0% of GDP (2023 est.)

0% of GDP (2022 est.)

0% of GDP (2021 est.)

note:personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Budget:122

revenues:$5.538 billion (2020 est.)
expenditures:$9.982 billion (2020 est.)
note:central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Public debt:123

111.6% of GDP (2020 est.)

note:central government debt as a % of GDP

Taxes and other revenues:124

2.8% (of GDP) (2020 est.)

note:central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Current account balance:125

$2.282 billion (2024 est.)

$2.699 billion (2023 est.)

$6.839 billion (2022 est.)

note:balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exports:126

$41.303 billion (2024 est.)

$40.344 billion (2023 est.)

$44.58 billion (2022 est.)

note:balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - partners:127

UAE 16%, Saudi Arabia 15%, South Africa 8%, USA 6%, India 4% (2023)

note:top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Exports - commodities:128

refined petroleum, aluminum, iron ore, aluminum wire, jewelry (2023)

note:top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports:129

$33.044 billion (2024 est.)

$32.374 billion (2023 est.)

$33.066 billion (2022 est.)

note:balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - partners:130

China 13%, Saudi Arabia 12%, UAE 11%, Brazil 8%, Australia 7% (2023)

note:top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Imports - commodities:131

iron ore, aluminum oxide, ships, cars, gold (2023)

note:top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:132

$4.949 billion (2024 est.)

$5.118 billion (2023 est.)

$4.775 billion (2022 est.)

note:holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Exchange rates:133

Currency:Bahraini dinars (BHD) per US dollar -

0.376 (2024 est.)

0.376 (2023 est.)

0.376 (2022 est.)

0.376 (2021 est.)

0.376 (2020 est.)

Energy

Electricity access:134

electrification - total population:100% (2022 est.)

Electricity:135

installed generating capacity:7.031 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption:35.09 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports:467.898 million kWh (2023 est.)
imports:480.883 million kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses:1.093 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources:136

fossil fuels:99.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar:0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Coal:137

exports:600 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports:300 metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum:138

total petroleum production:190,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption:72,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves:186.5 million barrels (2021 est.)

Natural gas:139

production:19.55 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption:19.878 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports:81.98 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
proven reserves:81.383 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Energy consumption per capita:140

Total energy consumption per capita 2023:554.202 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Communications

Telephones - fixed lines:141

total subscriptions:246,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:16 (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular:142

total subscriptions:2.42 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:145 (2022 est.)

Broadcast media:143

state-run Bahrain Radio and Television Corporation (BRTC) operates 6 terrestrial TV networks and several radio stations; satellite TV systems provide access to international broadcasts; 1 private FM station has broadcasts for Indian listeners; radio and TV broadcasts from countries in the region are available (2023)

Internet country code:144

.bh

Internet users:145

percent of population:100% (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions:146

total:268,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:17 (2023 est.)

Transportation

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix:147

A9C

Airports:148

3 (2025)

Heliports:149

8 (2025)

Merchant marine:150

total:184 (2023)
by type:general cargo 12, oil tanker 3, other 169

Ports:151

total ports:4 (2024)
large:0
medium:3
small:1
very small:0
ports with oil terminals:1
key ports:Al Manamah, Khalifa Bin Salman, Mina Salman, Sitrah

Military and Security

Military and security forces:152

Bahrain Defense Force (BDF): Royal Bahraini Army (includes the Royal Guard), Royal Bahraini Navy, Royal Bahraini Air Force

Ministry of Interior: National Guard, Special Security Forces Command (SSFC), Coast Guard

(2025)

note 1:the Royal Guard is officially under the command of the Army, but exercises considerable autonomy
note 2:the Ministry of Interior is responsible for internal security and oversees police and specialized security units responsible for maintaining internal order; the National Guard's primary mission is to guard critical infrastructure such as the airport and oil fields and is a back-up to the police; the Guard is under the Ministry of Interior but reports directly to the king

Military expenditures:153

3% of GDP (2024 est.)

3.2% of GDP (2023 est.)

3.2% of GDP (2022 est.)

3.6% of GDP (2021 est.)

4.2% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military and security service personnel strengths:154

information varies; approximately 10,000 active Bahrain Defense Force; approximately 3,000 National Guard (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions:155

the military's inventory consists of a mix of equipment acquired from a wide variety of suppliers; in recent years, the US has been the leading supplier of arms to Bahrain (2024)

Military service age and obligation:156

18 years of age for voluntary military service; 18-55 to voluntarily join the reserves; no compulsory service (2024)

Military - note:157

the BDF (established 1968) is responsible for territorial defense and support to internal security; its primary concern is Iran, both the conventional military threat and Tehran's support to regional terrorist groups; the BDF participates in multinational exercises and has conducted small deployments outside of the country; in 2015, for example, Bahrain joined the Saudi Arabia-led military intervention in Yemen, supplying a few hundred troops and combat aircraft

Bahrain’s closest security partners are Saudi Arabia and the US; Bahraini leaders have said that the security ties of Bahrain and Saudi Arabia are “indivisible”; Saudi Arabia sent forces to Bahrain to assist with internal security following the 2011 uprising; Bahrain hosts the US Naval Forces Central Command (USNAVCENT; established 1983), which includes the US 5 th Fleet and the Combined Maritime Forces (established 2002), a coalition of more than 30 nations providing maritime security for regional shipping lanes; in 2003, the US granted Bahrain Major Non-NATO Ally status, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; Bahrain also has close security ties with the UK, which maintains a naval support facility there

Bahrain hosts the Gulf Cooperation Council's (GCC) Unified Maritime Operations Center and is a member of the Peninsula Shield Forces, a joint military force established by the GCC countries with the aim of maintaining security and stability in the region (2025)

Space

Space agency/agencies:158

Bahrain Space Agency (BSA; established 2014) (2025)

Space program overview:159

focuses on promoting space research and science, applying space-related technologies, and building capacity in the fields of satellite manufacturing, tracking, control, data processing and analysis, and remote sensing; cooperates with a variety of foreign agencies and commercial entities, including those of India, Italy, Japan, Oman, Saudi Arabia, the UK, the UAE, and the US; also a member of the Arab Space Coordination Group (2025)

Key space-program milestones:160

2022 - first scientific nanosatellite (Light-1 CubeSat) built with assistance from the UAE and launched by Japan; joined US-led Artemis Accords for space exploration

2023 - first domestically built technology-demonstrator nanosatellite (Kuwait Sat-1) launched by US

2025 - first domestically built remote-sensing nanosatellite (Al Munther) launched by US

Terrorism

Terrorist group(s):161

al-Ashtar Brigades; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force

note 1:details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide
note 2:in addition to the al-Ashtar Brigades and the IRGC/Qods Force, Saraya al-Mukhtar (aka The Mukhtar Brigade) is an Iran-backed terrorist organization based in Bahrain, reportedly receiving financial and logistic support from the IRGC; Saraya al-Mukhtar's self-described goal is to depose the Bahraini Government with the intention of paving the way for Iran to exert greater influence in Bahrain; the group was designated by the US as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist in Dec 2020

Transnational Issues

Refugees and internally displaced persons:162

refugees:371 (2024 est.)

Additional observations

Real GDP growth163
3.48 % annual change (2025)
Consumer price inflation164
-0.14 % annual change (2025)
Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate)165
1.1 % of labor force (2025)
Access to electricity166
100 % of population (2024)
Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption167
0 % (2021)
Individuals using the internet168
100 % of population (2024)

Historical observations

Notes & sources

  1. Background. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  2. Location. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  3. Geographic coordinates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  4. Map references. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  5. Area. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. The archived total area has no reference year and territorial coverage may differ from World Bank surface area. World Bank: 800 square kilometers (2024). Reference: 760 square kilometers. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  6. Surface area. Surface area: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. The archived total area has no reference year and territorial coverage may differ from World Bank surface area. World Bank: 800 square kilometers (2024). Reference: 760 square kilometers. ↩
  7. Area - comparative. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  8. Land boundaries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  9. Coastline. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  10. Maritime claims. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  11. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  12. Terrain. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  13. Elevation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  14. Natural resources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  15. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  16. Irrigated land. Reference edition; observation: 2012. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  17. Major aquifers. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  18. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  19. Natural hazards. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  20. Geography - note. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  21. Population. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 1,600,366 people (2025). Reference: 1,566,888 people (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  22. Population. Population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 1,600,366 people (2025). Reference: 1,566,888 people (2024). ↩
  23. Nationality. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  24. Ethnic groups. Reference edition; observation: 2020 est.. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  25. Languages. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  26. Religions. Reference edition; observation: 2020 est.. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  27. Age structure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  28. Dependency ratios. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  29. Median age. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  30. Population growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  31. Population growth rate. Population growth rate: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  32. Birth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  33. Crude birth rate. Crude birth rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  34. Death rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  35. Crude death rate. Crude death rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  36. Net migration rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  37. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  38. Urbanization. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  39. Urban population. Urban population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  40. Major urban areas - population. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  41. Sex ratio. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  42. Maternal mortality ratio. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  43. Maternal mortality ratio. Maternal mortality ratio: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  44. Infant mortality rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  45. Infant mortality rate. Infant mortality rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  46. Life expectancy at birth. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  47. Life expectancy at birth. Life expectancy at birth: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  48. Total fertility rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  49. Total fertility rate. Total fertility rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  50. Gross reproduction rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  51. Drinking water source. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  52. At least basic drinking water services. At least basic drinking water services: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. This separately sourced basic-service observation is shown alongside the reference edition’s improved/unimproved categories. It does not replace those category totals. ↩
  53. Health expenditure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  54. Current health expenditure. Current health expenditure: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  55. Physician density. Reference edition; observation: 2020. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  56. Physicians. Physicians: observation 2020; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  57. Hospital bed density. Reference edition; observation: 2019. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  58. Sanitation facility access. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  59. At least basic sanitation services. At least basic sanitation services: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. This separately sourced basic-service observation is shown alongside the reference edition’s improved/unimproved categories. It does not replace those category totals. ↩
  60. Obesity - adult prevalence rate. Reference edition; observation: 2016. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  61. Alcohol consumption per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  62. Tobacco use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  63. Currently married women (ages 15-49). Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  64. Education expenditure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  65. Government education expenditure. Government education expenditure: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  66. Literacy. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  67. Adult literacy rate. Adult literacy rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  68. School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  69. Environmental issues. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  70. International environmental agreements. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  71. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  72. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  73. Urbanization. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  74. Carbon dioxide emissions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  75. Particulate matter emissions. Reference edition; observation: 2019. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  76. Methane emissions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  77. Waste and recycling. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  78. Total water withdrawal. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  79. Total renewable water resources. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  80. Country name. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  81. Government type. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  82. Capital. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  83. Administrative divisions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  84. Legal system. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  85. Constitution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  86. International law organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  87. Citizenship. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  88. Suffrage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  89. Executive branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  90. Legislative branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  91. Legislative branch - lower chamber. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  92. Legislative branch - upper chamber. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  93. Judicial branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  94. Political parties. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  95. Diplomatic representation in the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  96. Diplomatic representation from the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  97. International organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  98. Independence. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  99. National holiday. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  100. Flag. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  101. National symbol(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  102. National color(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  103. National anthem(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  104. National heritage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  105. Economic overview. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  106. Real GDP (purchasing power parity). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  107. Real GDP growth rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  108. Real GDP per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  109. GDP (official exchange rate). Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 48,965,725,531.91 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 47,737,000,000 current US dollars (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  110. GDP. GDP: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 48,965,725,531.91 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 47,737,000,000 current US dollars (2024). ↩
  111. Inflation rate (consumer prices). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  112. GDP - composition, by sector of origin. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  113. GDP - composition, by end use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  114. Agricultural products. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  115. Industries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  116. Industrial production growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  117. Labor force. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  118. Unemployment rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  119. Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  120. Average household expenditures. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  121. Remittances. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  122. Budget. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  123. Public debt. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  124. Taxes and other revenues. Reference edition; observation: 2020. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  125. Current account balance. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  126. Exports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  127. Exports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  128. Exports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  129. Imports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  130. Imports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  131. Imports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  132. Reserves of foreign exchange and gold. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  133. Exchange rates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  134. Electricity access. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  135. Electricity. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  136. Electricity generation sources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  137. Coal. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  138. Petroleum. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  139. Natural gas. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  140. Energy consumption per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  141. Telephones - fixed lines. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  142. Telephones - mobile cellular. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  143. Broadcast media. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  144. Internet country code. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  145. Internet users. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  146. Broadband - fixed subscriptions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  147. Civil aircraft registration country code prefix. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  148. Airports. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  149. Heliports. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  150. Merchant marine. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  151. Ports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  152. Military and security forces. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  153. Military expenditures. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  154. Military and security service personnel strengths. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  155. Military equipment inventories and acquisitions. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  156. Military service age and obligation. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  157. Military - note. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  158. Space agency/agencies. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  159. Space program overview. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  160. Key space-program milestones. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  161. Terrorist group(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  162. Refugees and internally displaced persons. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 07:27:30 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  163. Real GDP growth. Real GDP growth: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator denotes the percentage change over each previous year of the constant price (base year 2015) series in United States dollars. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?format=json ↩
  164. Consumer price inflation. Consumer price inflation: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?format=json ↩
  165. Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate). Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate): observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. The ILO modeled estimate is not necessarily directly comparable with national unemployment measures. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?format=json ↩
  166. Access to electricity. Access to electricity: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electricity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys and international sources. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS?format=json ↩
  167. Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption. Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption: observation 2021; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Renewable energy consumption is the share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS?format=json ↩
  168. Individuals using the internet. Individuals using the internet: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Internet users are individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?format=json ↩
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Countries & territories

Same-year values. Equal values share a rank.

Sources & method

Ranks cover available countries and territories, using the same indicator, source unit and reference year. Unrounded source values determine ties. Coverage is not a sovereign-country or complete global ranking; national definitions may differ. Missing values and other years are excluded. The information icon preserves the original number, unit and evidence.

RankCountry or territoryValue
Source information