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Europe & Central Asia / BEL

Belgium

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2021 Factbook flag mirror; image identity has not been individually audited. Source.

Last updated: October 29, 2026

World Bank directory: capital Brussels · 50.8371°, 4.36761° · sourceRetrieved 2026-10-29 · single source, unverified; directory metadata may be stale.
Belgium: CIA World Factbook map from 2021; original boundary notes preserved.
ⓘCIA World Factbook map, February 2021 media edition. Identity reviewed; current boundaries have not been audited. visual contact sheet or original identity check; does not verify current boundaries Boundaries, place names and designations may be dated or disputed; original annotations retained. SHA-256: 263610d1ce8c793859e22633f6a88a22f1d4a408c42edf3b6bbea12bca32d41d. Provenance and inspection record.

Introduction

Background:1

Belgium became independent from the Netherlands in 1830; it was occupied by Germany during World Wars I and II. The country prospered as a modern, technologically advanced European state and member of NATO and the EU. In recent years, longstanding tensions between the Dutch-speaking Flemish of the north and the French-speaking Walloons of the south have led to constitutional amendments granting these regions formal recognition and autonomy. The capital city of Brussels is home to numerous international organizations, including the EU and NATO.

Geography

Location:2

Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between France and the Netherlands

Geographic coordinates:3

50 50 N, 4 00 E

Map references:4

Europe

Area:5

Surface area: 30,689.17 square kilometers (2024)

total:30,528 sq km
land:30,278 sq km
water:250 sq km

Area - comparative:7

about the size of Maryland

Land boundaries:8

total:1,297 km
border countries (4):France 556 km; Germany 133 km; Luxembourg 130 km; Netherlands 478 km

Coastline:9

66.5 km

Maritime claims:10

territorial sea:12 nm
contiguous zone:24 nm
exclusive economic zone:geographic coordinates define outer limit
continental shelf:median line with neighbors

Climate:11

temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy

Terrain:12

flat coastal plains in northwest, central rolling hills, rugged mountains of Ardennes Forest in southeast

Elevation:13

highest point:Botrange 694 m
lowest point:North Sea 0 m
mean elevation:181 m

Natural resources:14

construction materials, silica sand, carbonates, arable land

Land use:15

agricultural land:44.4% (2023 est.)
arable land:28.3% (2023 est.)
permanent crops:0.8% (2023 est.)
permanent pasture:15.3% (2023 est.)
forest:22% (2023 est.)
other:33.6% (2023 est.)

Irrigated land:16

57 sq km (2013)

Major watersheds (area sq km):17

Atlantic Ocean drainage:Seine (78,919 sq km), Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km)

Population distribution:18

most of the population is concentrated in the northern two thirds of the country; the southeast is more thinly populated; considered to have one of the highest population densities in the world, with approximately 97% living in urban areas

Natural hazards:19

flooding is a threat along rivers and in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes

Geography - note:20

crossroads of Western Europe; most West European capitals are within 1,000 km of Brussels, the seat of both the EU and NATO

People and Society

Population:21

Population: 11,941,781 people (2025)

total:11,977,634 (2024 est.)
male:5,909,057
female:6,068,577

Nationality:23

noun:Belgian(s)
adjective:Belgian

Ethnic groups:24

Belgian 75.2%, Italian 4.1%, Moroccan 3.7%, French 2.4%, Turkish 2%, Dutch 2%, other 10.6% (2012 est.)

Languages:25

Dutch (official) 60%, French (official) 40%, German (official) less than 1%

major-language sample(s)
major-language sample(s):Het Wereld Feitenboek, een onmisbare bron van informatie. (Dutch)
major-language sample(s):The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)
major-language sample(s):The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions:26

Roman Catholic 57.1%, Protestant 2.3%, other Christian, 2.8%, Muslim 6.8%, other 1.7%, atheist 9.1%, nonbeliever/agnostic 20.2% (2018 est.)

Age structure:27

0-14 years:16.9% (male 1,038,578/female 990,215)
15-64 years:62.8% (male 3,796,844/female 3,730,784)
65 years and over:20.2% (2024 est.) (male 1,073,635/female 1,347,578)

Dependency ratios:28

total dependency ratio:57.3 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio:25.3 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio:32.1 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio:3.1 (2024 est.)

Median age:29

total:42 years (2024 est.)
male:40.8 years
female:43.1 years

Population growth rate:30

Population growth rate: 0.7 % annually (2025)

0.53% (2024 est.)

Birth rate:32

Crude birth rate: 9.2 births per 1,000 people (2024)

10.8 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate:34

Crude death rate: 9.5 deaths per 1,000 people (2024)

9.5 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate:36

4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution:37

most of the population is concentrated in the northern two thirds of the country; the southeast is more thinly populated; considered to have one of the highest population densities in the world, with approximately 97% living in urban areas

Urbanization:38

Urban population: 87.67 % of population (2025)

urban population:98.2% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:0.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas - population:40

2.122 million BRUSSELS (capital), 1.057 million Antwerp (2023)

Sex ratio:41

at birth:1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years:1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years:1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.8 male(s)/female
total population:0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth:42

29.2 years (2020 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio:43

Maternal mortality ratio: 4 deaths per 100,000 live births (2023)

4 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Infant mortality rate:45

Infant mortality rate: 3.1 deaths per 1,000 live births (2024)

total:3.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
male:3.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female:2.7 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth:47

Life expectancy at birth: 82.3 years (2024)

total population:82.3 years (2024 est.)
male:79.7 years
female:85 years

Total fertility rate:49

Total fertility rate: 1.44 births per woman (2024)

1.76 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Gross reproduction rate:51

0.86 (2024 est.)

Drinking water source:52

At least basic drinking water services: 100 % of population (2024)

improved
urban:100% of population (2022 est.)
rural:100% of population (2022 est.)
total:100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved
urban:0% of population (2022 est.)
rural:0% of population (2022 est.)
total:0% of population (2022 est.)

Health expenditure:54

Current health expenditure: 10.8 % of GDP (2023)

Health expenditure (as % of GDP):11% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget):15.2% of national budget (2022 est.)

Physician density:56

Physicians: 3.57 per 1,000 people (2022)

6.53 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Hospital bed density:58

5.5 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Sanitation facility access:59

At least basic sanitation services: 99.49 % of population (2024)

improved
urban:100% of population (2022 est.)
rural:100% of population (2022 est.)
total:100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved
urban:0% of population (2022 est.)
rural:0% of population (2022 est.)
total:0% of population (2022 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate:61

22.1% (2016)

Alcohol consumption per capita:62

total:9.15 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer:4.35 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine:3.41 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits:1.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols:0.3 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use:63

total:24.1% (2025 est.)
male:26.4% (2025 est.)
female:22% (2025 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight:64

0.3% (2023 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49):65

43.2% (2023 est.)

Child marriage:66

women married by age 15:0% (2020)
women married by age 18:0.1% (2020)

Education expenditure:67

Government education expenditure: 6.28 % of GDP (2022)

Education expenditure (% GDP):6.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget):12% national budget (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):69

total:19 years (2022 est.)
male:18 years (2022 est.)
female:20 years (2022 est.)

Environment

Environmental issues:70

urbanization; possible risks from industry and intensive farming; air and water pollution

International environmental agreements:71

party to:Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified:none of the selected agreements

Climate:72

temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy

Land use:73

agricultural land:44.4% (2023 est.)
arable land:28.3% (2023 est.)
permanent crops:0.8% (2023 est.)
permanent pasture:15.3% (2023 est.)
forest:22% (2023 est.)
other:33.6% (2023 est.)

Urbanization:74

urban population:98.2% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:0.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions:75

total emissions:112.083 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke:8.166 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids:76.635 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas:27.282 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions:76

12.3 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Waste and recycling:77

municipal solid waste generated annually:4.766 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled:31.7% (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal:78

municipal:740.19 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial:4.14 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural:41.97 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total renewable water resources:79

18.3 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Geoparks:80

total global geoparks and regional networks:2 (2024)
global geoparks and regional networks:Famenne-Ardenne; Schelde Delta (includes Netherlands) (2024)

Government

Country name:81

conventional long form:Kingdom of Belgium
conventional short form:Belgium
local long form:Royaume de Belgique (French)/Koninkrijk Belgie (Dutch)/Koenigreich Belgien (German)
local short form:Belgique/Belgie/Belgien
etymology:the name derives from the Belgae, an ancient Celtic tribal confederation that inhabited an area between the English Channel and the west bank of the Rhine in the first centuries B.C.

Government type:82

federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy

Capital:83

name:Brussels
geographic coordinates:50 84 N, 4 35 E
time difference:UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time:+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology:the name is of Germanic origin, from broca (marsh) and sali (room or building)

Administrative divisions:84

3 regions (French: régions , singular - région ; Dutch: gewesten , singular - gewest ); Brussels-Capital Region, also known as Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest (Dutch), R é gion de Bruxelles-Capitale (French long form), Bruxelles-Capitale (French short form); Flemish Region (Flanders), also known as Vlaams Gewest (Dutch long form), Vlaanderen (Dutch short form), Région Flamande (French long form), Flandre (French short form); Walloon Region (Wallonia), also known as Région Wallonne (French long form), Wallonie (French short form), Waals Gewest (Dutch long form), Wallonie (Dutch short form)

note:as a result of the 1993 constitutional revision that furthered devolution into a federal state, there are now three levels of government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a complex division of responsibilities; the 2012 sixth state reform transferred additional competencies from the federal state to the regions and linguistic communities

Legal system:85

civil law system based on the French Civil Code; judicial review of legislative acts

Constitution:86

history:drafted 25 November 1830, approved 7 February 1831, entered into force 26 July 1831, revised 14 July 1993 (creating a federal state)
amendment process:"revisions" proposed as declarations by the federal government in accord with the king or by Parliament followed by dissolution of Parliament and new elections; adoption requires two-thirds majority vote of a two-thirds quorum in both houses of the next elected Parliament

International law organization participation:87

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship:88

citizenship by birth:no
citizenship by descent only:at least one parent must be a citizen of Belgium
dual citizenship recognized:yes
residency requirement for naturalization:5 years

Suffrage:89

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Executive branch:90

chief of state:King PHILIPPE (since 21 July 2013)
head of government:Prime Minister Bart DE WEVER (since 3 February 2025)
cabinet:Council of Ministers formally appointed by the monarch
election/appointment process:the monarchy is hereditary and constitutional; following legislative elections, the monarch usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister, which the legislature approves

Legislative branch:91

legislature name:Federal Parliament (Parlement fédéral - Federaal Parlement - Föderales Parlament)
legislative structure:bicameral
note:the 1993 constitutional revision that further devolved Belgium into a federal state created three levels of government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a complex division of responsibilities; this results in six governments, each with its own legislative assembly

Legislative branch - lower chamber:92

chamber name:House of Representatives (Chambre des Représentants)
number of seats:150 (all directly elected)
electoral system:proportional representation
scope of elections:full renewal
term in office:5 years
most recent election date:6/9/2024
parties elected and seats per party:New Flemish Alliance (N-VA) (24); Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) (20); Movement for Reform (MR) (20); Socialist Party in Wallonia (PS) (16); Workers' Party of Belgium (PTB*PVDA) (15); LES ENGAGÉS (14); Vooruit (13); Christian Democratic and Flemish (CD&V) (11); Other (17)
percentage of women in chamber:41.3%
expected date of next election:June 2029

Legislative branch - upper chamber:93

chamber name:Senate (Sénat - Senaat - Senat)
number of seats:60 (all indirectly elected)
scope of elections:full renewal
term in office:5 years
most recent election date:7/18/2024
percentage of women in chamber:47.5%
expected date of next election:July 2029

Judicial branch:94

highest court(s):Constitutional Court or Grondwettelijk Hof (in Dutch) and Cour Constitutionelle (in French) (consists of 12 judges - 6 Dutch-speaking and 6 French-speaking); Supreme Court of Justice or Hof van Cassatie (in Dutch) and Cour de Cassation (in French) (court organized into 3 chambers: civil and commercial; criminal; social, fiscal, and armed forces; each chamber includes a Dutch division and a French division, each with a chairperson and 5-6 judges)
judge selection and term of office:Constitutional Court judges appointed by the monarch from candidates submitted by Parliament; judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 70; Supreme Court judges appointed by the monarch from candidates submitted by the High Council of Justice, a 44-member independent body of judicial and non-judicial members; judges appointed for life
subordinate courts:Courts of Appeal; regional courts; specialized courts for administrative, commercial, labor, immigration, and audit issues; magistrate's courts; justices of the peace

Political parties:95

Flemish parties

Christian Democratic and Flemish or CD&V

Vooruit or Forward (formerly Social Progressive Alternative or SP.A)

Groen or Green (formerly AGALEV, Flemish Greens)

New Flemish Alliance or N-VA

Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats or Open VLD

Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) or VB

Francophone parties

Ecolo (Francophone Greens)

Francophone Federalist Democrats or Defi

Les Engages (formerly Humanist and Democratic Center or CDH)

Reform Movement or MR

Socialist Party or PS

Workers' Party or PVDA-PTB

Diplomatic representation in the US:96

chief of mission:Ambassador Frédéric BERNARD (since 25 February 2025)
chancery:1430 K Street NW, Washington DC 20005
telephone:[1] (202) 333-6900
FAX:[1] (202) 338-4960
email address and website
email address and website:Washington@diplobel.fed.be
email address and website:https://unitedstates.diplomatie.belgium.be/en
consulate(s) general:Atlanta, Los Angeles, New York

Diplomatic representation from the US:97

chief of mission:Ambassador Bill WHITE (since 17 November 2025)
embassy:Regentlaan 27 Boulevard du Regent, B-1000 Brussels
mailing address:7600 Brussels Place, Washington DC 20521-7600
telephone:[32] (2) 811-4000
FAX:[32] (2) 811-4500
email address and website
email address and website:uscitizenBrussels@state.gov
email address and website:https://be.usembassy.gov/

International organization participation:98

ADB (nonregional members), AfDB (nonregional members), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Independence:99

4 October 1830 (a provisional government declared independence from the Netherlands); 21 July 1831 (King LEOPOLD I ascended to the throne)

National holiday:100

Belgian National Day (ascension to the throne of King LEOPOLD I), 21 July (1831)

Flag:101

description:three equal vertical bands of black (left side), yellow, and red
history:the vertical design was based on the flag of France; the colors are from the arms of the duchy of Brabant (yellow lion with red claws and tongue on a black field)

National symbol(s):102

golden rampant lion

National color(s):103

red, black, yellow

National anthem(s):104

title:"La Brabançonne" (The Song of Brabant)
lyrics/music:Louis-Alexandre DECHET [French] and Victor CEULEMANS [Dutch]/Francois VAN CAMPENHOUT
history:adopted 1830; according to legend Louis-Alexandre DECHET, an actor at the theater where the revolution against the Netherlands began, wrote the lyrics with a group of young people in a Brussels cafe

National heritage:105

total World Heritage Sites:16 (15 cultural, 1 natural)
selected World Heritage Site locales:Belfries of Belgium (c); Historic Brugge (c); The Grand Place, Brussels (c); Major Town Houses of Victor Horta (c); Notre-Dame Cathedral, Tournai (c); Spa, Liege (c); Primeval Beech Forests - Sonian Wood (n); Stoclet Palace (c)

Economy

Economic overview:106

high-income, core EU and eurozone economy; slow growth with weakened domestic consumption and export demand; high public debt and structural deficits linked to social spending; aging workforce with weak productivity growth and participation rates

Real GDP (purchasing power parity):107

$749.229 billion (2024 est.)

$741.672 billion (2023 est.)

$732.865 billion (2022 est.)

note:data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP growth rate:108

1% (2024 est.)

1.2% (2023 est.)

4.3% (2022 est.)

note:annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per capita:109

$63,100 (2024 est.)

$62,900 (2023 est.)

$62,700 (2022 est.)

note:data in 2021 dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):110

GDP: 725,466,462,859.65 current US dollars (2025)

$664.564 billion (2024 est.)

note:data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Inflation rate (consumer prices):112

3.1% (2024 est.)

4% (2023 est.)

9.6% (2022 est.)

note:annual % change based on consumer prices

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:113

agriculture:0.8% (2024 est.)
industry:17.6% (2024 est.)
services:72.1% (2024 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

GDP - composition, by end use:114

household consumption:50.4% (2023 est.)
government consumption:23.8% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital:24.4% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories:1% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services:84.2% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services:-84.8% (2023 est.)
note:figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Agricultural products:115

sugar beets, milk, potatoes, wheat, pork, lettuce, maize, chicken, barley, pears (2023)

note:top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries:116

engineering and metal products, motor vehicle assembly, transportation equipment, scientific instruments, processed food and beverages, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, base metals, textiles, glass, petroleum

Industrial production growth rate:117

-0.6% (2024 est.)

note:annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force:118

5.416 million (2024 est.)

note:number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate:119

5.5% (2024 est.)

5.6% (2023 est.)

5.6% (2022 est.)

note:% of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24):120

total:16.8% (2024 est.)
male:18.6% (2024 est.)
female:14.7% (2024 est.)
note:% of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Population below poverty line:121

12.3% (2022 est.)

note:% of population with income below national poverty line

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income:122

26.4 (2022 est.)

note:index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Average household expenditures:123

on food:12.2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco:4% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:124

lowest 10%:3.8% (2022 est.)
highest 10%:22.2% (2022 est.)
note:% share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

Remittances:125

2.3% of GDP (2024 est.)

2.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

2.3% of GDP (2022 est.)

note:personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Budget:126

revenues:$220.657 billion (2022 est.)
expenditures:$235.767 billion (2022 est.)
note:central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Public debt:127

92.5% of GDP (2022 est.)

note:central government debt as a % of GDP

Taxes and other revenues:128

22.7% (of GDP) (2022 est.)

note:central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Current account balance:129

-$5.679 billion (2024 est.)

-$4.503 billion (2023 est.)

-$7.031 billion (2022 est.)

note:balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exports:130

$525.458 billion (2024 est.)

$542.508 billion (2023 est.)

$565.233 billion (2022 est.)

note:balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - partners:131

France 20%, Netherlands 15%, Germany 14%, Italy 6%, USA 5% (2023)

note:top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Exports - commodities:132

refined petroleum, natural gas, vaccines, cars, packaged medicine (2023)

note:top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports:133

$531.029 billion (2024 est.)

$546.426 billion (2023 est.)

$573.192 billion (2022 est.)

note:balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - partners:134

Netherlands 20%, Germany 13%, France 11%, USA 7%, Ireland 4% (2023)

note:top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Imports - commodities:135

cars, natural gas, vaccines, packaged medicine, crude petroleum (2023)

note:top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:136

$41.449 billion (2024 est.)

$40.813 billion (2023 est.)

$41.274 billion (2022 est.)

note:holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Exchange rates:137

Currency:euros (EUR) per US dollar -

0.924 (2024 est.)

0.925 (2023 est.)

0.95 (2022 est.)

0.845 (2021 est.)

0.876 (2020 est.)

Energy

Electricity access:138

electrification - total population:100% (2022 est.)

Electricity:139

installed generating capacity:28.248 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption:74.537 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports:18.279 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports:18.626 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses:3.147 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources:140

fossil fuels:24.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
nuclear:40.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar:9.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
wind:20% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity:-0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) note: Belgium has negative net hydroelectric power generation based on losses from use of pumped storage hydropower
biomass and waste:6.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Nuclear energy:141

Number of operational nuclear reactors:4 (2025)
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors:3.46GW (2025 est.)
Percent of total electricity production:41.2% (2023 est.)
Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down:3 (2025)

Coal:142

production:1.269 million metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption:4.372 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports:184,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports:4.046 million metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves:4.1 billion metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum:143

total petroleum production:11,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption:596,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)

Natural gas:144

production:12.938 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption:14.382 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
exports:8.461 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports:23.007 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita:145

Total energy consumption per capita 2023:190.416 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Communications

Telephones - fixed lines:146

total subscriptions:2.667 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:23 (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular:147

total subscriptions:12.1 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:102 (2022 est.)

Broadcast media:148

a segmented market with the three major linguistic communities (Flemish-, French-, and German-speaking) each responsible for their own broadcast media; multiple TV channels exist for each community; over 90% of households are connected to cable and can access TV broadcasts from neighboring countries; each community has a public radio network coexisting with private broadcasters

Internet country code:149

.be

Internet users:150

percent of population:95% (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions:151

total:5.12 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:44 (2023 est.)

Transportation

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix:152

OO

Airports:153

48 (2025)

Heliports:154

112 (2025)

Railways:155

total:3,602 km (2020) 3,160 km electrified

Merchant marine:156

total:198 (2023)
by type:bulk carrier 17, container ship 2, general cargo 16, oil tanker 21, other 142

Ports:157

total ports:7 (2024)
large:1
medium:2
small:2
very small:2
ports with oil terminals:5
key ports:Antwerpen, Bruxelles, Ghent, Oostende, Zeebrugge

Military and Security

Military and security forces:158

Belgian Armed Forces (Defensie or La Défense): Land Component, Marine (Naval) Component, Air Component, Medical Component, Cyber Command (2025)

note:the Belgian Federal Police is the national police force and responsible for internal security and nationwide law and order, including migration and border enforcement

Military expenditures:159

2% of GDP (2025 est.)

1.3% of GDP (2024 est.)

1.2% of GDP (2023 est.)

1.2% of GDP (2022 est.)

1.1% of GDP (2021 est.)

Military and security service personnel strengths:160

approximately 23,000 active-duty military personnel (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions:161

the armed forces have a mix of weapons systems from European countries, Israel, and the US; Belgium has an export-focused defense industry that focuses on components and subcontracting (2024)

Military service age and obligation:162

18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription abolished in 1995 (2024)

note 1:in 2024, women comprised about 11% of the military's full-time personnel
note 2:foreign nationals 18-34 years of age who speak Dutch or French and are citizens of EU countries, Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland may apply to join the military

Military deployments:163

has about 1,000 personnel deployed on foreign missions, including more than 300 ground forces deployed in Eastern Europe, as well as air and naval assets, supporting NATO missions for the defense of NATO's eastern flank (2024)

Military - note:164

the Belgian military's responsibilities include territorial defense, humanitarian/disaster relief, assistance to the police if required, international peacekeeping missions, and support to its NATO and EU security commitments, which Belgium considers vital components of its national security policy; outside of the country, the military operates almost always within an international organization or a coalition; Belgium was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) establishing NATO in 1949; it hosts the NATO headquarters in Brussels; Belgium also cooperates bilaterally with neighboring countries, such as Luxembourg and the Netherlands, in conducting joint patrols of their respective air spaces and in a composite combined special operations command with Denmark and the Netherlands (2025)

Space

Space agency/agencies:165

Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy-Interfederal Space Agency of Belgium (BIRA-IASB; established 1964; IASB added 2017); Belgium Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) (2025)

Space program overview:166

builds satellites, particularly research/science/technology and remote sensing platforms; researches, develops, and produces a wide variety of space technologies, including telecommunications, optics, robotics, scientific instruments, and space launch vehicle components; founding member of the ESA and participates in a variety of ESA and EU projects, such as Space Surveillance and Tracking, Copernicus Earth observation, and Galileo global navigation satellite system; hosts the European Space Security and Education Center (established 1968); participates in international astronomy efforts, particularly through the European Southern Observatory (ESO); has worked with a variety of foreign space agencies and commercial entities outside Europe, including those of Argentina, China, India, Russia, South Africa, UAE, Vietnam, and the US (2025)

Key space-program milestones:167

1986 - joined first European Earth Observation program; founding member of European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites

1992 - first Belgian astronaut in space on the US Space Shuttle

2001 - first remote sensing satellite (PROBA-1) launched by India

2024 - signed US-led Artemis Accords outlining best practices for space exploration

Terrorism

Terrorist group(s):168

Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)

note:details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

Transnational Issues

Refugees and internally displaced persons:169

refugees:236,689 (2024 est.)
stateless persons:849 (2024 est.)

Illicit drugs:170

USG identification
USG identification:major precursor-chemical producer (2025)

Additional observations

Real GDP growth171
0.98 % annual change (2025)
Consumer price inflation172
2.47 % annual change (2025)
Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate)173
5.91 % of labor force (2025)
Access to electricity174
100 % of population (2024)
Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption175
11.7 % (2021)
Individuals using the internet176
95.78 % of population (2024)

Historical observations

Notes & sources

  1. Background. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  2. Location. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  3. Geographic coordinates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  4. Map references. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  5. Area. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. The archived total area has no reference year and territorial coverage may differ from World Bank surface area. World Bank: 30,689.17 square kilometers (2024). Reference: 30,528 square kilometers. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  6. Surface area. Surface area: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. The archived total area has no reference year and territorial coverage may differ from World Bank surface area. World Bank: 30,689.17 square kilometers (2024). Reference: 30,528 square kilometers. ↩
  7. Area - comparative. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  8. Land boundaries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  9. Coastline. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  10. Maritime claims. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  11. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  12. Terrain. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  13. Elevation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  14. Natural resources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  15. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  16. Irrigated land. Reference edition; observation: 2013. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  17. Major watersheds (area sq km). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  18. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  19. Natural hazards. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  20. Geography - note. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  21. Population. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 11,941,781 people (2025). Reference: 11,977,634 people (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  22. Population. Population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 11,941,781 people (2025). Reference: 11,977,634 people (2024). ↩
  23. Nationality. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  24. Ethnic groups. Reference edition; observation: 2012 est.. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  25. Languages. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  26. Religions. Reference edition; observation: 2018 est.. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  27. Age structure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  28. Dependency ratios. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  29. Median age. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  30. Population growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  31. Population growth rate. Population growth rate: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  32. Birth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  33. Crude birth rate. Crude birth rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  34. Death rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  35. Crude death rate. Crude death rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  36. Net migration rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  37. Population distribution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  38. Urbanization. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  39. Urban population. Urban population: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  40. Major urban areas - population. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  41. Sex ratio. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  42. Mother's mean age at first birth. Reference edition; observation: 2020. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  43. Maternal mortality ratio. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  44. Maternal mortality ratio. Maternal mortality ratio: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  45. Infant mortality rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  46. Infant mortality rate. Infant mortality rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  47. Life expectancy at birth. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  48. Life expectancy at birth. Life expectancy at birth: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  49. Total fertility rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  50. Total fertility rate. Total fertility rate: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  51. Gross reproduction rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  52. Drinking water source. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  53. At least basic drinking water services. At least basic drinking water services: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. This separately sourced basic-service observation is shown alongside the reference edition’s improved/unimproved categories. It does not replace those category totals. ↩
  54. Health expenditure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  55. Current health expenditure. Current health expenditure: observation 2023; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  56. Physician density. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  57. Physicians. Physicians: observation 2022; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  58. Hospital bed density. Reference edition; observation: 2021. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  59. Sanitation facility access. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  60. At least basic sanitation services. At least basic sanitation services: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. This separately sourced basic-service observation is shown alongside the reference edition’s improved/unimproved categories. It does not replace those category totals. ↩
  61. Obesity - adult prevalence rate. Reference edition; observation: 2016. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  62. Alcohol consumption per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  63. Tobacco use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  64. Children under the age of 5 years underweight. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  65. Currently married women (ages 15-49). Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  66. Child marriage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  67. Education expenditure. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  68. Government education expenditure. Government education expenditure: observation 2022; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Latest available World Bank series in 2020–2026; reference year is not retrieval year. May be modeled or revised; differing definitions and geography require review. No independent crosscheck; do not silently replace archived Factbook. ↩
  69. School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  70. Environmental issues. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  71. International environmental agreements. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  72. Climate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  73. Land use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  74. Urbanization. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  75. Carbon dioxide emissions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  76. Particulate matter emissions. Reference edition; observation: 2019. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  77. Waste and recycling. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  78. Total water withdrawal. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  79. Total renewable water resources. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  80. Geoparks. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  81. Country name. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  82. Government type. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  83. Capital. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  84. Administrative divisions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  85. Legal system. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  86. Constitution. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  87. International law organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  88. Citizenship. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  89. Suffrage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  90. Executive branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  91. Legislative branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  92. Legislative branch - lower chamber. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  93. Legislative branch - upper chamber. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  94. Judicial branch. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  95. Political parties. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  96. Diplomatic representation in the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  97. Diplomatic representation from the US. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  98. International organization participation. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  99. Independence. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  100. National holiday. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  101. Flag. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  102. National symbol(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  103. National color(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  104. National anthem(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  105. National heritage. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  106. Economic overview. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  107. Real GDP (purchasing power parity). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  108. Real GDP growth rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  109. Real GDP per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  110. GDP (official exchange rate). Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 725,466,462,859.65 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 664,564,000,000 current US dollars (2024). Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  111. GDP. GDP: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Different reference years; no numerical agreement is asserted. World Bank: 725,466,462,859.65 current US dollars (2025). Reference: 664,564,000,000 current US dollars (2024). ↩
  112. Inflation rate (consumer prices). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  113. GDP - composition, by sector of origin. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  114. GDP - composition, by end use. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  115. Agricultural products. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  116. Industries. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  117. Industrial production growth rate. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  118. Labor force. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  119. Unemployment rate. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  120. Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  121. Population below poverty line. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  122. Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  123. Average household expenditures. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  124. Household income or consumption by percentage share. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  125. Remittances. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  126. Budget. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  127. Public debt. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  128. Taxes and other revenues. Reference edition; observation: 2022. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  129. Current account balance. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  130. Exports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  131. Exports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  132. Exports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  133. Imports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  134. Imports - partners. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  135. Imports - commodities. Reference edition; observation: 2023. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  136. Reserves of foreign exchange and gold. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  137. Exchange rates. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  138. Electricity access. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  139. Electricity. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  140. Electricity generation sources. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  141. Nuclear energy. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  142. Coal. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  143. Petroleum. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  144. Natural gas. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  145. Energy consumption per capita. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  146. Telephones - fixed lines. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  147. Telephones - mobile cellular. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  148. Broadcast media. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  149. Internet country code. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  150. Internet users. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  151. Broadband - fixed subscriptions. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  152. Civil aircraft registration country code prefix. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  153. Airports. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  154. Heliports. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  155. Railways. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  156. Merchant marine. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  157. Ports. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  158. Military and security forces. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  159. Military expenditures. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  160. Military and security service personnel strengths. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  161. Military equipment inventories and acquisitions. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  162. Military service age and obligation. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  163. Military deployments. Reference edition; observation: 2024. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  164. Military - note. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  165. Space agency/agencies. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  166. Space program overview. Reference edition; observation: 2025. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  167. Key space-program milestones. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  168. Terrorist group(s). Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  169. Refugees and internally displaced persons. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  170. Illicit drugs. Reference edition; observation: dates as stated in text. Field last updated: not supplied; profile fallback: 2025-12-05 06:52:36 -0500 (not a field revision date); needs review. Reference source. Edition last checked 2026-10-29 (retrieval only). ↩
  171. Real GDP growth. Real GDP growth: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator denotes the percentage change over each previous year of the constant price (base year 2015) series in United States dollars. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?format=json ↩
  172. Consumer price inflation. Consumer price inflation: observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?format=json ↩
  173. Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate). Unemployment (modeled ILO estimate): observation 2025; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. The ILO modeled estimate is not necessarily directly comparable with national unemployment measures. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?format=json ↩
  174. Access to electricity. Access to electricity: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electricity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys and international sources. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS?format=json ↩
  175. Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption. Renewable energy share of total final energy consumption: observation 2021; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Renewable energy consumption is the share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS?format=json ↩
  176. Individuals using the internet. Individuals using the internet: observation 2024; checked 2026-10-29; single source. World Bank World Development Indicators. Internet users are individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc. Source metadata: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?format=json ↩
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Countries & territories

Same-year values. Equal values share a rank.

Sources & method

Ranks cover available countries and territories, using the same indicator, source unit and reference year. Unrounded source values determine ties. Coverage is not a sovereign-country or complete global ranking; national definitions may differ. Missing values and other years are excluded. The information icon preserves the original number, unit and evidence.

RankCountry or territoryValue
Source information